Immunogenicity and safety of a novel yeast Hansenula polymorpha-derived recombinant Hepatitis B candidate vaccine in healthy adolescents and adults aged 10–45 years

The aim was to determine whether the immunogenicity of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine (spHB) is at least as high as that of a licensed control vaccine, Engerix B^®, and to evaluate its safety before inclusion in new pediatric combination vaccines. Two randomized, controlled, blind-observer, Phase 3 trials were performed: one in Argentina (344 participants aged 10–15 years, 10 μg HBsAg/dose) and one in Uruguay (344 participants aged 16–45 years, 20 μg HBsAg/dose). Both vaccines were given in a 0, 1, 6 month schedule to all participants with a baseline anti-Hep B antibody titer <0.6 mIU/mL. Antibody titers were measured pre-dose 1, 1 month after dose 2, pre-dose 3, and 1 month after dose 3. Statistical non-inferiority analyses were performed on seroprotection rates (SP) post-dose 3 (% with anti-Hep B titers ≥10 mIU/mL; delta non-inferiority limit of −10%). In both studies, SP for the spHB vaccine was 100% and the spHB vaccine was non-inferior in terms of SP to the licensed control vaccine. GMTs post-dose 3 were approximately 1.8- and 4.1-fold higher for spHB in the 10–15 year and 16–45 year age groups, respectively. Reactogenicity was low for each vaccine, after each dose. This highly immunogenic hepatitis B candidate vaccine was selected for further investigation as a component of new pediatric combination vaccines.     

清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆32例

目的观察清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆的疗效.方法将中医学辨证属于实证的64例脑血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组(清开灵注射液组)和对照组(脑复康组),治疗5周后,将两组治疗前后在智力障碍程度、肢体功能、血液流变学指标、中医证型疗效方面的变化进行比较.结果经治疗后治疗组和对照组相比较,智力障碍程度变化(有效率、MMSE、ADL积分)、肌力、步行能力改变有显著性差异,p＜0.05.而治疗前后组内及组间血流变指标虽有一定下降,但无统计学意义(p＞0.05).结论清开灵注射液对脑血管性痴呆患者,在改善智力障碍、肌力、步行能力方面有较好的疗效.     

食品添加剂KAl（SO4）2中Al的吸收,排泄,蓄积实验研究

目的：探讨我国主要含铝食品添加剂——硫酸铝钾中铝的吸收、排泄和贮留的基本情况。方法：１．采用６月龄日本雄性大耳兔８只进行３天的代谢平衡实验。２．选用２～３月龄２１只雄性兔进行３２周的蓄积实验。结果：代谢实验表明铝的表观吸收率平均在１０％左右，约９０％的口服铝在粪中排出。尿铝随摄入铝的增加而增加，但肾排铝能力不足吸收的１０％。兔的蓄积实验证明在３２周实验后实验兔随铝摄入的增加其主要脏器均有不同程度的铝蓄积。其蓄积量的顺序为：骨＞肝＞肾＞脑＞心（３．８９～１０５．４６ｍｇ／ｋｇ干重）；蓄积增长倍数为：肝＞脑＞肾＞骨＞心（１．５１～４．５８倍）。结论：１．食品添加剂硫酸铝钾中铝的表观吸收率平均在１０％左右。尿铝随摄入铝的增加而增加，但肾排铝量不足吸收的１０％。２．长期大量摄入含铝食品添加剂可导致机体铝蓄积，其中脑、骨、肝、肾蓄积较明显。     

Neuromelanin-containing neurons of the substantia nigra accumulate iron and aluminum in Parkinson's disease: a LAMMA study

The Laser Microprobe Mass Analyzer (LAMMA) is a sensitive instrument for identifying and localizing trace elements in tissue samples. Using LAMMA, we have examined melanin-containing neurons of the substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls. We found that iron significantly accumulates within neuromelanin granules of patients with PD compared to controls. Increased aluminum was found in the neuromelanin granules of 2 of 3 PD cases but in no controls. The accumulation of iron and aluminum, which are known to promote oxidant stress, may account for the selective degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons in PD.     

装潢居室空气中挥发性化学物的遗传毒性研究

目的探讨装潢居室空气中挥发性化合物的遗传毒性.方法采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染性红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验检测居室装潢后空气中挥发性化合物的遗传毒性.结果该化合物对小鼠呼吸系统有明显的刺激作用,与阴性对照组比较,高、中、低剂量组的微核率、精子畸形率均有显著差异性.结论居室装潢后室内空气中挥发性化合物具有遗传毒性作用.     

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of paralytic shellfish poison using an induced crab protein marker

A purified, high molecular weight protein (referred to as saxitoxin‐induced protein, SIP), was obtained from crabs, Hemigrapsus oregonesis, by affinity chromatography prior to use in a homologous crab SIP enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure. The SIP measured in H. oregonesis control crabs given acute saxitoxin (SAX) challenge injections (SAX range 0–50 ng), was less than the amount of SIP present in H. oregonesis crabs exposed to a natural toxic dinoflagellate outbreak. The latter were collected from a paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) contaminated coastal area which also contained PSP toxic butterclams (2000 μg PSP per 100 g shellfish), tested by the conventional mouse lethality bioassay procedure. These ELISA results were confirmed by an immunoblotting procedure using anti‐SIP antibody. An immunoblotting procedure of purified SIP and crude SIP antiserum revealed no cross‐reactivity with control, SAX uninjected crabs, thereby indicating specificity of the assay. The method is fast and useful for the screening of antigens expressed in crabs as a consequence of PSP, and represents a procedure that will complement the standard mouse bioassay.     

Alterations in short-term retention, conditioned avoidance response acquisition and motivation following aluminum induced neurofibrillary degeneration

Aluminum chloride induced neurofibrillary degeneration may provide a useful model for the study of a human dementia process. This possibility was assessed in cats trained to perform on a delayed-response task, a conditioned avoidance task, visual and temporal discrimination tasks and a motivational task involving rewarding intracranial electrical stimulation. After an initial asymptomatic period short term retention and acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response were selectively impaired. The associated ultrastructural abnormalities plausibly implicate the cytoplasmic streaming mechanism in the cellular substrate for some retention and acquisition phenomena.     

一起由磷化铝引起的家庭聚集性中毒事件的调查分析

目的 分析一起由磷化铝引起的家庭聚集性中毒事件的流行病学特征,为今后处置类似事件提供科学的依据。方法 对2021年济南市商河县一起急性中毒事件开展现场流行病学调查和实验室检测。调查主要针对病例及其家属进行面访,并入户考察和采集食品、环境标本和病例标本。结果 本事件共涉及7人,其中病例6例,罹患率85.7%,病例男女比例1∶1.33（3∶4）,1例死亡。指示病例发病时间为23日20时左右,末例发病时间为24日6时左右,推测潜伏期为8～12小时。临床表现以呕吐（100%）、阵发性腹痛（100%）、恶心（43%）和腹泻（43%）为主。未发现家庭成员有可疑共同暴露餐次和可疑暴露食品。实验室在所采集的环境空气样本和死亡病例的血中检出磷化氢（PH3）。结论 本次事件是一起磷化铝使用不当引起的家庭聚集性磷化铝中毒事件,储粮间的磷化铝吸潮挥发产生的磷化氢是主要致病因素。