Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of aloe vera in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

BACKGROUND Aloe vera exerts several biological activities, such as, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. It was recently shown to reduce insulin resistance and triglyceride level. We hypothesized that aloe vera would have beneficial effects in alleviating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in rats.AIM To examine the therapeutic effects of aloe vera in NASH rats.METHODS All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 6 in each group). Rats in the control group were fed ad libitum with a standard diet for 8 wk. Rats in the NASH group were fed ad libitum with a high-fat high-fructose diet(HFHFD) for 8 wk. Rats in the aloe vera group were fed ad libitum with a HFHFD and aloe vera in dimethylsulfoxide(50 mg/kg) by gavage daily for 8 wk. Liver samples were collected at the end of the treatment period.RESULTS Hepatic malondialdehyde(MDA) levels increased significantly in the NASH group as compared with the control group(377 ± 77 nmol/mg vs 129 ± 51 nmol/mg protein, respectively, P 0.001). Glutathione(GSH) levels were significantly lower in the NASH group than the control group(9 ± 2 nmol/mg vs 24 ± 8 nmol/mg protein, respectively, P = 0.001). The expression of interleukin-18(IL-18), nuclear factor-kappa β, and caspase-3 increased, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma decreased in the NASH group compared with the controls. Following aloe vera administration, MDA levels decreased(199 ± 35 nmol/mg protein) and GSH increased(18 ± 4 nmol/mg protein) markedly. Steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation and increased hepatocyte apoptosis were observed in the NASH group. Aloe vera treatment attenuated these changes in liver histology.CONCLUSION Aloe vera attenuated oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis, thus improving liver pathology in rats with NASH.     

复方积雪草有效组分对人肾小管上皮细胞补体C3表达的影响

目的：探讨复方积雪草有效组分——积雪草苷／大黄素干预肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）诱导的人肾近曲小管上皮细胞（HPTEC）补体C3 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。方法：采用HPTEC，模型组TNF-α 10ng／ml诱导，治疗组在TNF-α诱导的同时，以不同浓度的积雪草苷、大黄素以及积雪草苷合大黄素进行干预，于24h后分别提取细胞RNA及上清，应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和酶链免疫方法（ELISA）分别检测HPTEC C3 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果：正常HPTEC具有C3 mRNA和蛋白表达，经TNF-α诱导后G表达明显上调，用不同浓度的积雪草苷、大黄素以及积雪草苷合大黄素干预后，C3 mRNA及蛋白水平表达出现不同程度的下调，呈一定的剂量依赖关系和协同作用。结论：复方积雪草有效组分能够抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α上调所致的肾局部G过度产生。     

Moisturizing effect of cosmetic formulations containing Aloe vera extract in different concentrations assessed by skin bioengineering techniques

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The polysaccharide-rich composition of Aloe vera extracts (Aloe barbadensis Miller), often used in cosmetic formulations, may impart moisturizing properties to the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cosmetic formulations containing different concentrations of freeze-dried Aloe vera extract on skin hydration, after a single and a 1- and 2-week period of application, by using skin bioengineering techniques. METHODS: Stable formulations containing 5% (w/w) of a trilaureth-4 phosphate-based blend were supplemented with 0.10%, 0.25% or 0.50% (w/w) of freeze-dried Aloe vera extract and applied to the volar forearm of 20 female subjects. Skin conditions in terms of the water content of the stratum corneum and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Corneometer CM 825 and Tewameter TM 210) were analysed before and after a single and 1- and 2-week period of daily application. RESULTS: After a single application, only formulations supplemented with 0.25% and 0.50% (w/w) of Aloe vera extract increased the water content of the stratum corneum, while after the 2-week period application, all formulations containing the extract (0.10%, 0.25% and 0.50%) had the same effect, in both cases as compared with the vehicle. TEWL was not modified after a single and after 1- and 2-week period of application, when compared with the vehicle. CONCLUSION: Our results show that freeze-dried Aloe vera extract is a natural effective ingredient for improving skin hydration, possibly through a humectant mechanism. Consequently, it may be used in moisturizing cosmetic formulations and also as a complement in the treatment of dry skin.     

小儿牛黄散有效成分的HPLC定量

用反相HPLC法测定小儿牛黄散中小檗碱、巴马汀、大黄素、绿原酸的含量。用甲醇提取散剂样品,在ODS柱上,用外标法在各自特征吸收处测定。此法具有分离好、灵敏度高、重现性强、操作简单等优点。     

淫羊藿醇提物调节M2样巨噬细胞极化减少乳腺癌细胞迁移和集落形成的研究

目的 探讨淫羊藿Epimedium brevicornu醇提物对体外巨噬细胞极化调控机制及对M2样巨噬细胞促进4T1细胞迁移和集落形成的影响。方法 采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度淫羊藿醇提物对骨髓来源巨噬细胞（bonemarrowderived macrophages,BMDM）活力的影响,确定淫羊藿醇提物的安全作用浓度;采用Western blotting和q RT-PCR检测淫羊藿醇提物对M2样巨噬细胞标志物精氨酸酶-1(arginase-1,Arg-1)和CD163表达的影响;采用q RT-PCR检测淫羊藿醇提物对M2-肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs）相关基因炎症区域1(found in inflammatory zone 1,Fizz1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,PPARγ)、几丁质酶3样分子3(chitinase 3-like 3,Ym1)、趋化因子24(C-C motif chemokine ligand 24,CCL24)、巨...     

芦荟抗菌作用与蒽醌化合物的关系

目的 :分析芦荟抗菌作用与蒽醌化合物含量的关系 ,比较芦荟大黄素和芦荟苷的抗菌作用 ,探讨糖基取代结构对芦荟苷抗菌活性的影响。方法 :利用琼脂扩散法分析皂质芦荟叶皮提取物、芦荟大黄素和芦荟苷对 3种革兰氏阴性菌、2种革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性 ,利用扫描电镜技术分析了芦荟苷对大肠杆菌的作用。结果 :芦荟的抗菌作用与蒽醌化合物的含量呈正相关性。芦荟苷 (1g·L^-1)具有较强的抗菌活性 [抑菌直径大于 (7.1±0.15)mm] ,对革兰氏阳性菌的抗性高于革兰氏阴性菌。芦荟大黄素的抗菌活性较弱。芦荟苷能够改变细胞的形态 ,破坏细胞结构。结论 :蒽醌化合物是芦荟中的抗菌成分 ,芦荟苷是主要抗菌有效成分之一 ,葡萄糖基取代结构增强了其侵入细胞外被和杀菌的能力。     

消痔液质量标准研究

目的：建立消痔液（大黄，黄芩，赤芍，土茯苓等）的质量标准。方法：采用TLC法对药液中的大黄，黄芩，赤芍进行了鉴别；用HPLC法同时测定药液中大黄素，大黄酚的含量。结果：TLC鉴别的分离度好，专属性强，含量测定中，所建方法能同时测定消痔液中的2种有效成分。平均回收率为：大黄素97.87%(RSD=1.88%)，大黄酚98.61%(RSD=1.21%)。结论：该方法可用于消痔液的质量控制。     

金脂泰胶囊质量标准研究

目的：建立金脂泰胶囊(黄精、制何首乌、泽泻、纹股蓝醇提物、山植、决明子等)的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法对方中的制何首乌、泽泻、决明子进行鉴别。用高效液相色谱法对方中所含的大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚进行含量测定。采用ODS-C18柱，，流动相为甲酵-0．1％磷酸溶液(94：6)，检测波长为440nm。结果：薄层鉴别色谱特征斑点明显。大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚分别在0．039～0．35μg，0．039～0．35μg，0．037～0．33μg范围内呈良好的线性关系。平均加样回收率大黄素为97．4％(RSD＝1．70％)，大黄酚为98．0％(RSD＝1．56％)，大黄甲醚为97．1％(RSD＝1．83％)。结论：本法能较好地控制金脂泰胶囊的质量。     

HPLC法分析炮制对虎杖中大黄素影响

目的：探讨炮制对虎杖中大黄素含量的影响。方法：采用高效液相色谱法进行测定。结果：虎杖及各炮制品中大黄素的含量按如下顺序减少：酒炙品＞醋炙品＞90℃ 30min烘品＞60℃ 60min烘品＞90℃ 60min烘品＞盐炙品＞生品，各炮制品中大黄素的含量与生品相比差异显著。结论：炮制辅科、温度及时间能使虎杖中大黄素的含量产生变化。     

HPLC法同时测定胃痛欣颗粒剂中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚的含量

目的建立胃痛欣颗粒剂中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法 ,AccusilC1 8(4 6mm× 2 5 0mm ,1 0 μm)柱 ,流动相为 :甲醇 水 冰醋酸 (80∶2 0∶1 ,V∶V∶V) ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚分别在 0 0 3～ 0 4 8μg ,0 0 2 5～ 0 4 0 μg ,0 0 2 5～0 4 0 μg内与峰面积呈线性关系 ,平均回收率 (n =3 )分别为 98 3 % (RSD =1 4 3 % ) ,97 6% (RSD=1 84 ) ,98 7% (RSD =0 5 7% )。结论可用于大黄药材及其复方制剂的质量控制