老年大鼠的海马神经元对微量注射Ach的敏感性

本工作观察了老年大鼠海马神经元对微量注射Ach(10μg/0.5μl)的敏感性。 实验在6只老年大鼠(大于30月龄)和5只年青大鼠(4～5月龄)上进行。结果表明:年青大鼠和老年大鼠的海马神经元对Ach的主要反应模式有所不同,前者多出现神经元放电明显增加的兴奋反应。后者多出现抑制反应,神经元的放电明显减少。此外,老年大鼠的海马神经元对Ach反应的持续时间(包括兴奋和抑制反应)也明显长于年青大鼠。本文对海马神经元敏感性和适应能力的改变可能是影响老年记忆的重要因素进行了讨论。     

乙酰胆碱和5—羟色胺对日本血吸虫雄性成虫细胞电活动的影响

微电极细胞内记录技术应用于研究乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）和５—羟色胺（５—ＨＴ）对日本血吸虫雄性成虫皮层和肌细胞电活动的作用。实验结果显示：（１）Ａｃｈ对虫体机械活动和肌细胞（ｎ＝９６）电活动有明显抑制作用。阿托品能拮抗（Ａｃｍ）的作用，而使虫体活动和肌细胞电活动增强；（２）５—ＨＴ对虫体皮层细胞（ｎ＝１２３）和肌细胞（ｎ＝１０７）静息电位有去极化作用，去极化幅值为２—６ｍＶ，并能明显增强细胞放电频率。同时，也增强虫体活动度。赛庚啶能拮抗５—ＨＴ对虫体的作用；（３）虫体机械收缩活动与肌细胞放电频率成正比的关系。虫体细胞对Ａｃｈ和５—ＨＴ的作用具有明显量效反应。５—ＨＴ的作用与细胞膜Ｃａ２＋的流通有关。     

Reflections on experimental and human pathology of aggression

On the basis of the already proposed distinction between "normal" and "pathological" aggression in laboratory animals, it is essayed an integration of the experimental findings derived from a specific animal model of aggression with the available clinical information on human violent behavior. The too disregarded importance of the role played by the inhibitory control of brain functions, appears instead reportedly essential in the regulation of emotions and behavior, and is of great relevance in explaining the behavioral changes that follow induced or spontaneous impairment of the serotonergic system of the brain. As a matter of fact, the numerous evidences indicate that genetic predisposition and induced or acquired defects of serotonergic inhibitory control greatly concur to precipitate anomalous strong aggression. Interestingly, the cluster of symptoms presented by laboratory rats in consequence of the serotonergic discontrol, has many unexpected similarities with several pathological conditions of man. This fact confers to laboratory experiments the value of a tool aimed at a better understanding of the biological mechanisms which underlie corresponding alterations of human conduct, with special reference to pathological aggression and violence. In this line, some specific nutrient defects and/or malabsorption conditions can be important in the facilitation or elicitation of mental illness including human aggression. In addition, the efficacy and neurochemical action of those substances capable to partially or completely block or prevent experimental aggression, will likely assume equal relevance in the management or prevention of human violent behavior.     

不同方法使用东莨菪碱脱毒效果的比较

目的：观察东莨菪碱（scopolamine,Spm)和氯丙嗪（chloprmazine,Clo)对吗啡戒断反应的影响。方法：采用吗啡依赖大鼠模型,不同剂量单多次皮下注射（sc)东莨菪碱及合并使用氯丙嗪处理动物后,腹腔注射（ip)纳洛酮5mg/kg诱发戒断反应,观察戒断症状。结果：单次sc东莨菪碱1.0mg/kg及多次sc东莨菪碱0.5mg/kg可明显抑制吗啡依赖大鼠的身体戒断反应,合并注射氯丙嗪20.0mg/kg时的效果更好.结论:东莨菪碱通过Ach受体可以抑制吗啡戒断反应,氯丙嗪则可能通过作用于蓝斑墙 枢部位α2受体与东莨菪碱起到协同作用.     

针药结合对VD大鼠脑内Ach及AchE活性的影响

目的:观察电针与中药复方脑康胶囊结合对VD大鼠脑内Ach含量及AchE活性的影响.方法:雄性大鼠60只,随机抽取10只,作为正常对照组;余下50只经4-血管阻断法造成VD动物模型后,随机抽取40只分成模型组、针药结合组、电针组、中药组.经4周分别治疗后处死取脑,检测其脑内Ach含量及AchE活性并进行比较.结果:针药结合组与模型组比较,Ach含量明显升高(P＜0.01),AchE活性明显降低(P＜0.01);与电针组和中药组相比,Ach含量升高(P＜0.05),AchE活性降低(P＜0.05).结论:针药结合能明显改善VD大鼠胆碱能系统的功能,调节脑内Ach生理代谢,从而达到治疗VD的目的,其作用较单纯电针和中药治疗明显.     

Impact of drug-eluting stent-associated coronary artery spasm on 3-year clinical outcomes: A propensity score matching analysis

BackgroundIt has been reported that significant endothelial dysfunction or clinically evident vasospasm can be associated with drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, the impact of DES associated coronary artery spasm (CAS) on long-term clinical outcomes has not been fully elucidated as compared with those of patients with vasospastic angina.MethodsA total of 2797 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery lesion (<70%), who underwent the Acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test, were enrolled between Nov 2004 and Oct 2010. DES-associated spasm was defined as significant CAS in proximal or distal to previously implanted DES site at follow-up angiography with Ach test. Patients were divided into two groups (DES-CAS; n = 108, CAS; n = 1878). For adjustment, propensity score matching (PSM) was done (C-statistics = 0.766, DES-CAS; n = 102, CAS; n = 102). SPSS 20 (Inc., Chicago, Illinois) was used to analyze this data.ResultsBaseline characteristics were worse in the DES-CAS group. After PSM, both baseline characteristics and the Ach test results were balanced except higher incidence of diffuse CAS and ECG change in the DES-CAS group. During Ach test, the incidence of diffuse spasm (93.1% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.012) and ST-T change (10.7% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.010) were higher in the DES-CAS group. At 3-year, before and after adjustment, the DES-CAS group showed a higher incidence of coronary revascularization (9.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001), recurrent chest pain requiring follow up coronary angiography (CAG, 24.5% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, 9.8% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.005).ConclusionIn this study, DES associated CAS was associated with higher incidence of diffuse spasm, ST-T change and adverse 3-year clinical outcomes. Special caution should be exercised in this particular subset of patients.     

Expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in hepatocytes from rat fibrotic liver

The pathological changes of parasympathetic nerve are considered as an independent prognostic factor of the survival rate of patients with chronic liver disease. The non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchR) agonists and antagonists can affect the proliferation of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, but the subtypes of mAchR expressions in HCs are still uncertain. Here, we investigate the expression of mAchR in hepatic fibrosis on rats. 3 ml/kg 40% carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) was given to induce hepatic fibrosis on rats and the hepatocytes were isolated. Compared to the normal state, the expression levels of m1, 3, 5 in fibrotic liver tissues or hepatocytes were obviously increased, while m2, 4 decreased. 10 μM pilocarpine or 10 μM acetylcholine could increase the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hydroxyproline (Hyp), collagen I, III in the hepatocytes, and decreased albumin (ALB). They also changed the expressions of mAchR similarly as the fibrotic hepatocytes and livers. However, atropine could ameliorate the state of fibrotic hepatocytes. These data indicate that mAchR played an important role in the regulation of hepatic fibrosis process. Targeting mAchR would have therapeutic potential for hepatic fibrosis.     

参龟培元颗粒对实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力的治疗作用

目的探讨参龟培元颗粒对重症肌无力(myastheniagravis,MG)的治疗作用。方法采用合成电鳗乙酰胆碱受体α亚单位125-147段多肽介导的实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力(experimentalautoimmunemyastheniagravis,EAMG)大鼠模型,研究参龟培元颗粒对造模大鼠临床症状、肌电与收缩力、血清AchR-Ab滴度及细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ含量的影响。结果参龟培元颗粒(16.0,8.0g/kg)可明显改善大鼠的肌无力症状,降低血清AchR-Ab滴度及TNF-α、IFN-γ含量,且对低频刺激引起的造模大鼠肌电衰减和肌肉收缩力的衰减具有显著的改善作用。结论参龟培元颗粒对大鼠EAMG有一定的治疗作用。