Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F₀) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations. Half of the pregnant rats (F₀, F_1b) were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination and the other half produced pups F_1a and F_2a, respectively. At the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group, body weights of F_1b pregnant rats and F_2a on day 21 after birth decreased; fetal body lengths and tail lengths decreased; the number of fetal resorptions increased significantly; litter weights, number of viable fetuses decreased; number of embryo resorptions increased significantly; number of liveborn F_1a, F_1b and F_2a decreased. No macroscopic or microscopic change of any significance was found in the reproductive organs. Significant increases in the incidence of cervial ribs or lumbar ribs in F_2a pups and significant increases of relative organ weight of testis and epididymis in F_1b were observed at the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group. The NOAEL for reproduction/development of cyadox for rats was estimated to be 150 mg/kg diet, which was equivalent to approximately 15 mg/kg b.w./day.     

海上泅渡训练对肾功能影响的实验观察

目的:了解高强度海上泅渡训练对肾功能的影响。方法:以参加海上10km赤臂蛙泳考核官兵158例为研究对象,在考核前后分别检测尿液中总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)、β2微球蛋白(β2 MG)及N-乙酰-β氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)等肾功能指标,并进行对比分析。结果:训练后TP为0.129±0.245,ALB为56.81±100.42,β2MG为1.180±1.137,NAG为6.48±4.26,与考核前相比均有所增高,前3项差异非常显著(P<0.01);NAG值差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:高强度游泳训练可能引起运动性肾功能损伤,应注意防治。     

97例杭州市新型冠状病毒肺炎临床特征及影响因素分析

目的：通过分析我院收治的97例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者入院时的临床症状、实验室指标和影响疾病严重程度的相关因素,总结出新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床特征及与疾病严重程度相关的影响因素,以指导临床诊治。方法：收集我院收治的97例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者流行病学和临床资料,分析入院时肝肾功能、血脂、肌酶、电解质、B型脑利钠肽前体(BNP)、肌钙蛋白、凝血功能等实验室检查和胸部CT结果,并进行相关分析。结果：97例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中,轻型12例(12.96%),普通型74例(76.85%),重型11例(10.19%);有武汉旅游居住史或者接触过武汉人35例(36.08%)、发病前2周与确诊或疑似病例密切接触62例(63.91%);发热71例(73.20%)、咳嗽57例(53.3%)、咳痰22(22.68%)、乏力22例(22.68%);胸部CT未见明显异常15例(15.46%)、单侧肺炎20例(20.62%)、双侧肺炎62(63.92%);年龄、白蛋白(Albumin, ALB)、TG、血清淀粉样蛋白A(Serum amyloid, SSA)、血钠和胸部CT表现在临床分型各组间比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);单因素相关性分析显示：年龄、TG、胸部CT与诊断分型成正相关;ALB与诊断分型成负相关。结论：本文收集病例以疫区输入型为主,临床分型以普通型为主;以发热、咳嗽、咳痰、乏力、TG升高、血钠降低、SSA升高、ALB降低、胸部CT呈现磨玻璃影改变为该病的主要临床特点;年龄、TG、胸部CT与诊断分型成正相关性;ALB与诊断分型负相关性。     

五味子对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的作用研究

目的:观察五味子对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用CCl4造成小鼠急性肝损伤模型,终点比色法测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)含量,观察病理组织学改变。结果:五味子明显降低CCl4引起的ALT、AST增高;病理组织学检查发现五味子明显减轻肝细胞的损伤。结论:五味子对CCl4所致小白鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

Hepatitis B virus infection contributes to oxidative stress in a population exposed to aflatoxin B1 and high-risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Biomarkers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure and oxidative stress were detected in 71 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 694 controls from southern China. Plasma level of AFB1-albumin-adducts (AAA) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were significantly higher in the 71 HCC cases than in any age/gender matched HBV sero-status groups (p<0.001). HCC patients positive for the p53-249 G-T mutation had a marginally higher level of PCC than those negative for the mutation (p=0.077). HBV infection had a prominent influence on the association between AFB1 exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers in the controls. Our study indicates a significant contribution from HBV infection to oxidative stress in a population with AFB1 exposure which might substantially increase risk for HCC in this region.     

Toxicologic evaluation of modified gum acacia: mutagenicity, acute and subchronic toxicity.

Modified gum acacia, produced from acacia gum by a process analogous to the production of modified food starch, was tested for mutagenicity in the microbial reverse mutation assay. The assay employed a wide range of dose levels, both with and without metabolic activation. Test results gave no indication that modified gum acacia possessed any mutagenic potential. The acute oral toxicity of modified gum acacia was determined in two studies employing Sprague-Dawley rats, and the LD50 values were found to be >2000 mg/kg. The primary dermal irritation potential of modified gum acacia was evaluated in rabbits by the Draize method. Test results indicated that modified gum acacia was slightly irritating by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classification but not a primary irritant by Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) guidelines. The subchronic toxicity of modified gum acacia was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% modified gum acacia for 13 weeks. No dose-related effects on survival, growth, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, or pathologic lesions were observed. Results of these studies indicate that modified gum acacia does not possess mutagenic potential and that animals are not adversely affected by acute or subchronic exposure to modified gum acacia.     

Indocyanine green loaded hyaluronan-derived nanoparticles for fluorescence-enhanced surgical imaging of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is highly lethal and surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment for the disease. In this study, hyaluronic acid derived nanoparticles with physico-chemically entrapped indocyanine green, termed NanoICG, were utilized for intraoperative near infrared fluorescence detection of pancreatic cancer. NanoICG was not cytotoxic to healthy pancreatic epithelial cells and did not induce chemotaxis or phagocytosis, it accumulated significantly within the pancreas in an orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model, and demonstrated contrast-enhancement for pancreatic lesions relative to non-diseased portions of the pancreas. Fluorescence microscopy showed higher fluorescence intensity in pancreatic lesions and splenic metastases due to NanoICG compared to ICG alone. The in vivo safety profile of NanoICG, including, biochemical, hematological, and pathological analysis of NanoICG-treated healthy mice, indicates negligible toxicity. These results suggest that NanoICG is a promising contrast agent for intraoperative detection of pancreatic tumors.     

CRP/ALB、LMR对溃疡性结肠炎内镜下病情严重程度的评估价值

目的探讨C反应蛋白/白蛋白(CRP/ALB)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)内镜下病情严重程度的评估价值。 方法收集189例UC患者,根据内镜下严重程度指数评分分为缓解组和活动组(包括轻度组、中度组和重度组),比较各组CRP/ALB、LMR和白细胞计数(WBC),采用ROC曲线分析CRP/ALB、LMR对UC内镜下病情严重程度的评估价值。 结果活动组患者WBC、CRP/ALB水平高于缓解组,LMR水平低于缓解组,且随内镜下病情严重程度增加趋势更明显(P＜0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CRP/ALB、LMR单独及联合检测对UC内镜下病情严重程度均有预测价值,且联合检测的预测价值最高(P＜0.05)。 结论LMR、CRP/ALB联合检测对UC内镜下病情严重程度有良好预测效能,可作为临床评估UC内镜下活动和重度UC的辅助指标。     

Oral toxicological studies of black soybean (Glycine max) hull extract: Acute studies in rats and mice, and chronic studies in mice

Black soybean (Glycine max) has been used for traditional medicine and food in Asian countries, but safety of its hull has not been studied. We conducted acute and chronic oral toxicity studies. For the acute study, an extract of black soybean hull (BE; 2.5 g/kg body weight) was administered singly by intragastric intubation to Sprague–Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice. There was no death or significant decrease in body weight in rats and mice, and the oral LD₅₀ of BE was >2.5 g/kg body weight. In the chronic study, BE was administered at dietary levels of 0% (control), 2.0%, and 5.0% to male and female C57BL/6 mice for 26 weeks. No mortality or toxicologically significant clinical changes were observed through the experimental period. Although body weights, as well as abdominal fat, blood levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in 5.0% males were significantly lower than that in control and 2.0% groups, these changes were considered not to be adverse. Hematology and histopathological observation revealed no toxicologically significant changes. The no-observed adverse-effect-level of BE was estimated to be 5.0% in the diet (5074.1 mg/kg body weight/day for males and 7617.9 mg/kg body weight/day for females).     

早产儿及足月儿蛋白质水平差异的研究

目的 通过对早产儿及足月儿蛋白质指标的分析,找到更敏感更准确的反映新生儿营养的指标,并为早产儿营养支持提供依据.方法 依据入选标准对2008～2010年本院新生儿病房的部分早产儿及同期本院产科出生的部分足月适于胎龄儿分段抽血查前清蛋白(PA)、清蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP),并行统计学分析.结果 胎龄越小或体质量越轻者,PA越低;早产儿在采用静脉营养后PA有显著升高;早产小于胎龄儿、早产适于胎龄儿、早产大于胎龄儿间也存在PA的差异.结论 PA作为营养指标较ALB、TP更敏感,可更准确地反映新生儿不同时期的营养状况,并为早产儿营养支持提供依据.