氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

Ghrelin after chemotherapy as a prognostic predictor of progression-free survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer

BackgroundAlthough the patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) generally have poor prognosis, the utility of these biomarkers for the prediction of oncological outcomes in MIBC has not been completely explored. Ghrelin regulates processes associated with cancer, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasion, and angiogenesis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of serum ghrelin levels on survival in MIBC.MethodsIn this study, we reviewed the clinical and pathological records of 56 patients who were diagnosed with MIBC between November 2015 and November 2019 at Gifu and Hirosaki University Hospitals. We focused on 27 patients who had received chemotherapy and collected blood samples before and after chemotherapy. Blood samples were collected before chemotherapy and after completing two cycles of chemotherapy. Serum acyl (AG) and desacyl ghrelin (DG) were measured using AG and DG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (SCETI, Tokyo, Japan), respectively.ResultsThe 3-year overall and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 82.9% and 68.3%, respectively. According to the AG level after chemotherapy, the 3-year PFS rates were 77.5% and 53.0% in patients with AG levels ≥1.34 and <1.34 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.038). With regard to DG levels after chemotherapy, the 3-year PFS rates were 90.9% and 43.3% in patients with DG levels <92.3 and ≥92.3 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.039). On multivariate analysis, serum AG levels were significantly associated with PFS.ConclusionsThis study suggested the usefulness of the ghrelin as a prognostic predictor of PFS in patients with MIBC.     

水飞蓟素对乳腺癌细胞系的作用及其机制研究

目的：研究水飞蓟素在体外对不同乳腺癌细胞系的作用，并进一步探讨其作用机制。方法：MTT实验测定水飞蓟素对乳腺癌细胞系MCF－7和SK－BR－3的半数抑制浓度（IC50）；软琼脂克隆形成试验检测加药后两种细胞在软琼脂内的增殖能力。在此基础上，用Her-2抑制剂AG825进行干预，对水飞蓟素的作用机制进行初步探讨。结果：水飞蓟素对两种乳腺癌细胞有不同程度的抑制作用，其中对MCF－7细胞的作用较强，IC50≤0．02％，而对SK－BR－3的作用较弱。Her-2抑制剂AG825可增加SK－BR－3细胞对药物的敏感性，抑制了水飞蓟素作用后该细胞在软琼脂中集落的形成。结论：水飞蓟素在体外对MCF－7细胞具有明显的抑制作用，而AG825可增强SK－BR－3细胞对药物的敏感性。因此，SK－BR－3细胞中Her-2的高表达可能是该细胞对水飞蓟素敏感性差的原因，而水飞蓟素也可能通过Her-2调节某个或某几个下游分子起作用。     

An inhibitor of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase is selectively cytotoxic to cells that lack a functional G1 checkpoint

Purpose: We studied the effects of purine depletion on the cell cycle using a specific inhibitor of de novo purine biosynthesis, AG2034, an inhibitor of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). Methods: Cytotoxicity was determined by clonogenic assays, and cell cycle perturbations by flow cytometry. Ribonucleotide pools were measured by anion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography, and DNA strand-breaks were determined by alkaline elution and by the TUNEL assay. Results: When cells were maintained in standard tissue culture medium, which contained 2.2 μM folic acid, AG2034 was cytostatic in all the cell lines tested. Under low-folate conditions (50 nM folic acid), AG2034 caused up to 50% cell death in cell lines that possessed a functional G1 checkpoint (A549, MCF-7), but was only cytostatic to the remaining cells, even at very high concentrations (100 μM ). In contrast, AG2034 at 10 nM or 100 nM killed all the cells in cultures of HeLa/S3 or SW480 cells, which lack a functional G1 checkpoint. Flow cytometry studies indicated that in G1 checkpoint-competent cells, AG2034 caused a G1 arrest. Those cells (up to 50%) that were already in S phase died, but the cells that were in G1 arrest maintained viability, based upon clonogenic assays, for many days. In G1 checkpoint-deficient cells, no G1 arrest was seen after AG2034 treatment, all cells progressed into S phase, and all cells died. Measurement of DNA strand-breaks, either by alkaline elution or by the dUTP end-labelling technique, indicated no DNA strand-breaks 24 h after AG2034 treatment, indicating that purine nucleotide depletion can trigger the G1 checkpoint in the absence of DNA damage. Conclusion: Purine depletion causes slow cell death in cells that have passed the G1 checkpoint, but cytostasis in cells that are arrested at the G1 checkpoint. The GARFT inhibitor, at physiological folate concentrations, thus causes selective cytotoxicity to cells lacking a functional G1 checkpoint. Received: 8 May 1997 / Accepted: 26 June 1997     

落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖滴丸制备工艺及其速释机制研究

目的:研究落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖滴丸的制备工艺并初步探讨其速释机制。方法:采用正交设计对滴丸制备工艺进行优化,并通过相图分析和DSC分析研究滴丸的速释机制。结果与结论:滴丸制备最佳的工艺条件为药液温度75℃,二甲基硅油冷凝液上部温度30℃,滴头与冷凝液的距离6cm,滴速为30滴/min;相图分析和DSC分析结果显示在AG-PEG4000固体分散体中形成了某种形式的复合物,使熔点降低,药物在基质中的溶解度增加而达到速释。     

Paeoniflorin ameliorates ischemic neuronal damage in vitro via adenosine A1 receptor-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor

Aim:

Paeoniflorin from Chinese herb Paeoniae Radix has been shown to ameliorate middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemia in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of PF in cultured rat cortical neurons.

Methods:

Primary cultured cortical neurons of rats were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) insult. Cell survival was determined using MTT assay. HEK293 cells stably transfected with A₁R (HEK293/A₁R) were used for detailed analysis. Phosphorylation of the signaling proteins was evaluated by Western blot or immunoprecipitation. Receptor interactions were identified using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining.

Results:

Paeoniflorin (10 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L) increased the survival of neurons subjected to OGD/R. Furthermore, paeoniflorin increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in these neurons. These effects were blocked by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or MEK inhibitor U0126. Paeoniflorin also increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in HEK293/A₁R cells. Both A₁R antagonist DPCPX and EGFR inhibitor AG1478 not only blocked paeoniflorin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in HEK293/A₁R cells, but also paeoniflorin-increased survival of neurons subjected to OGD/R. In addition, paeoniflorin increased the phosphorylation of Src kinase and activation of MMP-2 in HEK293/A₁R cells. Both Src inhibitor PP2 and MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor BiPs not only blocked paeoniflorin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (and Akt) in HEK293/A₁R cells, but also paeoniflorin-increased survival of neurons subjected to OGD/R.

Conclusion:

Paeoniflorin promotes the survival of cultured cortical neurons by increasing Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation via A₁R-mediated transactivation of EGFR.     

Endocannabinoids and liver disease--review.

AIMS: Endocannabinoids are endogenous compounds that bind to the same receptors as tetrahydrocannabinol, the active component in marijuana and hashish. They have been found to have many physiological and patho-physiological functions, including mood alteration, control of feeding and appetite, motor and co-ordination activities, analgesia, immune modulation and gut motility. In this review we aim to elucidate current knowledge as to their role in liver physiology and disease. METHODS: The major findings published to date concerning endocannabinoids and liver disease are described, and their implications with regard to understanding disease mechanisms, and the development of new treatments is considered. RESULTS: Recently, endocannabinoids have been implicated in the hemodynamic alterations occurring in cirrhosis. These changes appear to be mediated via specific cannabinoid receptors (CB1) on splanchnic and hepatic vascular endothelium. Plasma levels of endocannabinoids also seem to be elevated in hepatitis, and are involved in apoptosis of hepatocytes by a membrane mechanism not related to a specific receptor. Other studies suggest a beneficial role for cannabinoids in reducing the inflammation of experimental hepatitis. In an animal model of acute hepatic failure, both endocannabinoids and the antagonist to the CB1 receptor have been found to have a beneficial effect on neurological and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Endocannabinoids appear to be involved in several aspects of acute and chronic liver disease, including vascular changes, modulation of inflammatory process and neurological function, Further research may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of liver disease, as well as a basis for novel treatment modalities.     

AG1478对GRC-1细胞的诱导凋亡作用及其机制

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体阻滞剂TyrophostinAG1478对肾癌GRC-1细胞的诱导凋亡作用及其机制,为肾癌的生物学特征研究和药物治疗提供理论依据。方法:将不同浓度的AG1478作用于体外培养的肾癌GRC-1细胞,以研究表皮生长因子受体信号转导阻滞剂对细胞增殖和细胞周期分布的影响。结果:AG1478抑制肾癌GRC-1细胞的增殖,诱导细胞周期停留在G1期,诱导肾癌GRC-1细胞凋亡。结论:表皮生长因子受体特异性阻滞剂可抑制肾肿瘤细胞的增殖,有望成为抗肾脏恶性肿瘤药物。