小动物CT 对人体骨骼的研究

目的: 本文将采用micro－CT 技术对人颈椎寰枢椎骨的显微结构作研究分析。方法: 采用micro－CT
技术，选择不同的扫描协议，对同一样本人体颈椎寰枢椎骨进行研究，分析不同协议下骨骼的扫描结果，选择最
优的扫描协议，分析人体骨骼的骨小梁等显微结构的信息。结果: Micro－CT 扫描结果显示，在Bin1＆High 扫描协
议下采集的图像，能够清楚的看到颈椎寰枢椎骨内骨小梁的显微结构，并且可以得到骨体积/全体积、骨表面积/
骨体积、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目、骨小梁间隙、骨小梁模式因子和皮质壁厚等参数信息。结论: Micro－CT 是研
究骨小梁的显微结构变化，骨密度变化，骨松质和骨皮质的变化等领域中的一种重要技术。     

Lycium barbarum extract promotes M2 polarization and reduces oligomeric amyloid-β-induced inflammatory reactions in microglial cells

Lycium barbarum(LB)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been demonstrated to exhibit a wide variety of biological functions,such as antioxidation,neuroprotection,and immune modulation.One of the main mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease is that microglia activated by amyloid beta(Aβ)transform from the resting state to an M1 state and release pro-inflammatory cytokines to the surrounding environment.In the present study,immortalized microglial cells were pretreated with L.barbarum extract for 1 hour and then treated with oligomeric Aβfor 23 hours.The results showed that LB extract significantly increased the survival of oligomeric Aβ-induced microglial cells,downregulated the expression of M1 pro-inflammatory markers(inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1β),and upregulated the expression of M2 anti-inflammatory markers(arginase-1,chitinase-like protein 3,and interleukin-4).LB extract also inhibited the oligomeric Aβ-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βin microglial cells.The results of in vitro cytological experiments suggest that,in microglial cells,LB extract can inhibit oligomeric Aβ-induced M1 polarization and concomitant inflammatory reactions,and promote M2 polarization.     

阿立哌唑联合舍曲林治疗青少年抑郁症的临床疗效观察

目的观察阿立哌唑联合舍曲林治疗青少年抑郁症的临床疗效。方法选取我院收治的青少年抑郁症患者100例为对象进行研究,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。单纯采用舍曲林治疗对照组,基于此联合阿立哌唑治疗观察组。比较两组治疗前后HAMD评分变化以及不良反应。结果两组治疗前HAMD评分对比差异不显著,且P>0.05;而治疗后观察组HAMD评分较对照组显著降低对,且P<0.05。观察组不良反应率6.0%较对照组18.0%显著较低,且P<0.05。结论阿立哌唑联合舍曲林治疗青少年抑郁症的临床疗效非常显著,既能有效改善患者抑郁症状,又能减少各种不良反应,因而安全性较高,值得临床应用推广。     

蒙特卡罗模拟法评价第一代头孢菌素预防手术部位感染的给药方案

目的：探讨第一代头孢菌素预防Ⅰ类切口手术部位感染的既往方案在目前微生物药敏下的预防效果。方法：基于药动学/药效学（PK/PD）理论利用蒙特卡洛模拟法进行探讨。以头孢唑林和头孢噻吩为考察药物，金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和链球菌属为目标菌群，给药间期内游离药物浓度位于最低抑菌浓度（MIC）之上的时间占一个给药间期的百分比（fT>MIC）为PK/PD靶指数，利用蒙特卡罗模拟头孢唑林和头孢噻吩既往方案对抗目标菌群达到PK/PD靶指数的累积反应分数（CFR）≥90%为标准探讨给药策略及预防效果。结果：对于成人（体质量以60 kg计），头孢唑林仅“1 g，q 2 h”“2 g，q 4 h”“3 g，q 4 h”和“术前1 g；术中0.5 g，q 2 h”的方案，头孢噻吩仅“2 g，q 3 h”和“术前2 g；术中1 g，q 3 h”的方案对各目标菌群的CFR≥90%，两者其他的既往方案均无法达到CFR≥90%标准。结论：应用第一代头孢菌素预防Ⅰ类切口手术部位感染时，应注意选择合适的给药方案（CFR≥90%），以确保预防效果。     

All roads lead to Rome-a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.     

糖皮质激素联合特布他林治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床效果观察

目的探讨糖皮质激素联合特布他林治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床效果。方法选取2017年8月至2018年8月于我院进行治疗的急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者共计90例,根据患者的就诊时间将其分为联合组和对照组,对照组患者使用特布他林进行治疗,联合组患者在对照组的基础上加用丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂进行治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效和血气指标。结果联合组患者治疗的总有效率要高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),联合组与对照组患者pH值相近,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),但是联合组患者的PaO2与PaCO2等数据要明显好于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论在急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的治疗中,使用糖皮质激素联合特布他林进行治疗能够有效地提高患者的临床疗效,改善患者的血气指标,具有重要的临床意义,值得推广使用。