微粉硅胶用于白芷提取物粉体改性及其促进元胡止痛分散片崩解的原理研究

目的 研究微粉硅胶用于白芷提取物粉体改性及其促进元胡止痛分散片崩解的原理.方法 采用混合与液相分散两种方法,微粉硅胶3％、5％、7％3种改性剂量对白芷提取物进行粉体改性,研究粉体改性前后在红外光谱、比表面积与孔隙度、接触角、差示扫描量热、扫描电镜的差异及其对元胡止痛分散片崩解时间的影响.结果 红外光谱显示液相分散法与混合法的改性方式相同,均属物理改性;改性后,粉体的比表面积与孔隙体积显著增加,接触角显著降低,热效应显著变化;当微粉硅胶用量达到5％时,两种方法均能改善元胡止痛分散片的崩解性能.结论 增强白芷提取物比表面积,增强吸水性、润湿性,分散提取物,降低黏性可能是微粉硅胶改性及促进分散片崩解的主要机制.     

Modelling of the Flow in the Process of Washing Out Automotive Catalyst Carriers with the PbLi Alloy

The process of platinum recovery from used car catalysts is highly desirable for both economic and environmental reasons. From the many available methods of processing used car catalysts, the article conducted both numerical and experimental studies using a device based on the collector metal method with lead as a modified medium through a magnetohydrodynamic pump for washing platinum from the channels of the ceramic catalyst carrier. It was assumed that lead alloys with the addition of lithium increase the extraction of platinum from thin catalytic layers and accelerate the platinum dissolution reaction in the Pb-Li alloy, which is the result of a greater affinity of lithium for platinum compared to lead. This assumption was verified by numerical simulations as well as laboratory tests. Tests were carried out for the secondary supply voltage range between 40 and 60 V and the catalyst flushing time between 240 and 480 s. Graphical results of the research were discussed.     

Role of Surface Topography in the Superhydrophobic Effect—Experimental and Numerical Studies

Within these studies, the effect of surface topography for hydrophobic coatings was studied both numerically and experimentally. Chemically modified polyurethane coating was patterned by application of a laser beam. A set of patterns with variously distant linear peaks and grooves was obtained. The cross section of the pattern showed that the edges of the peaks and grooves were not sharp, instead forming a rounded, rectangle-like shape. For such surfaces, experimental studies were performed, and in particular the static contact angle (SCA), contact angle hysteresis (CAH), and roll-off angle (ROA) were measured. Profilometry was used to create a numerical representation of the surface. Finite volume method was then applied to simulate the behavior of the water droplets. The model developed herewith enabled us to reproduce the experimental results with good accuracy. Based on the verified model, the calculation was extended to study the behavior of the water droplet on the simulated patterns, both spiked and rectangular. These two cases, despite a similar SCA of the water droplet, have shown extremely different ROA. Thus, more detailed studies were dedicated to other geometrical features of such topography, such as the size and distance of the surface elements. Based on the results obtained herewith, the future design of superhydrophobic and/or icephobic topography is discussed.     

Controlling the Wettability of ZnO Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis for Photocatalytic Applications

Herein, we synthesized the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films (TFs) deposited on glass substrates via spray pyrolysis (SP) to prepare self-cleaning glass. Various process parameters were used to optimize photocatalytic performance. Substrates were coated at room temperature (RT) and 250 °C with a 1 mL or 2 mL ZnO solution while maintaining a distance from the spray gun to the substrate of 20 cm or 30 cm. Several characterization techniques, i.e., XRD, SEM, AFM, and UV–Vis were used to determine the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the prepared samples. The wettability of the samples was evaluated using contact angle measurements. As ZnO is hydrophilic in nature, the RT deposited samples showed a hydrophilic character, whereas the ZnO TFs deposited at 250 °C demonstrated a hydrophobic character. The XRD results showed a higher degree of crystallinity for samples deposited on heated substrates. Because of this higher crystallinity, the surface energy decreased, and the contact angle increased. Moreover, by using 2 mL solution, better surface coverage and roughness were obtained for the ZnO TFs. However, by exploiting the distance of the spray to the samples size distribution and surface coverage can be controlled, the samples deposited at 30 mL showed a uniform particle size distribution from 30–40 nm. In addition, the photoactivity of the samples was tested by the degradation of rhodamine B dye. Substrates prepared with a 2 mL solution sprayed at 20 cm showed higher dye degradation than other samples, which can play a vital role in self-cleaning. Hence, by changing the said parameters, the ZnO thin film properties on glass substrates were optimized for self-cleaning diversity.     

Modification of poly(ether urethane)elastomers by incorporation of poly(isobutylene)glycol. Relation between polymer properties and thrombogenicity

Non-polar hydrophobic poly(isobutylene)glycol (PIBG) was substituted for poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol (PTMEG) in poly(ether urethanes) based on 4,4'-methylenebis-(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as chain extender. Two series of polyurethanes differing in their soft segment length, polymer composition, and hard segment content were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and static, as well as dynamic, contact angle measurements. The thrombogenicity of these polymers was characterized by studying the adhesion and activation of platelets using ELISA for GMP 140 and fluorescence microscopy. It was found by DMA that in PIBG-containing polyurethanes (PUE) exist soft domains containing hard segments, strictly separated hard segment domains, and hard segments partially mixed with soft segments. Contact angle measurements revealed that 25% PIBG or even less, are sufficient for a remarkable enrichment of these non-polar soft segments on the polymer surface. The platelet adhesion/activation on these materials was demonstrated to increase with the rise in hard segment content, as well as with an enhancement of the PIBG content. However, comparison of PIBG-containing PUE with medical applied polypropylene and pellethane expressed that PUE with PIBG content equal or less 25% have excellent haemocompatibility.     

Biomedical Ti–Mo Alloys with Surface Machined and Modified by Laser Beam: Biomechanical,Histological, and Histometric Analysis in Rabbits

Purpose: In vivo bone response was assessed by removal torque, hystological and histometrical analysis on a recently developed biomedical Ti‐15Mo alloy, after surface modification by laser beam irradiation, installed in the tibia of rabbits. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 wide cylindrical Ti‐15Mo dental implants were obtained (10 mm × 3.75 mm). The implants were divided into two groups: 1) control samples (Machined surface – MS) and 2) implants with their surface modified by Laser beam‐irradiation (Test samples – LS). Six implants of each surface were used for removal torque test and 10 of each surface for histological and histometrical analysis. The implants were placed in the tibial metaphyses of rabbits. Results: Average removal torque was 51.5 Ncm to MS and >90 Ncm to LS. Bone‐to‐implant‐contact percentage was significantly higher for LS implants both in the cortical and marrow regions. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that laser treated Ti‐15Mo alloys are promising materials for biomedical application.     

Influence of Selected Ophthalmic Fluids on the Wettability and Hydration of Hydrogel and Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses—In Vitro Study

This study attempts to evaluate the effect of incubation in selected ophthalmic fluids on contact lenses (Etafilcon A, Omafilcon A, Narafilcon A, Senofilcon A). Four research groups differing in the incubation environment were created: (1) initial state, (2) contact lens solution (CLS), (3) contact lens solution and eye drops (ED) and (4) eye drops. Dehydration by gravimetric method and the contact angle (CA) by the sessile drop method were tested. The surface free energy (SFE) was also calculated with the use of several methods: Owens–Wendt, Wu, Neumann, and Neumann–Kwok. The greatest changes in the dehydration profile were observed for contact lenses incubated in ED. The most noticeable changes in CA values were observed for contact lenses incubated in ED, in which it was not possible to settle water drop after incubation. On the basis of SFE analysis, higher values were found for hydrogel contact lenses, e.g., according to the Owens–Wendt method, they ranged from 54.45 ± 6.56 mJ/m2 to 58.09 ± 4.86 mJ/m2, while in the case of silicone-hydrogel contact lenses, they ranged from 32.86 ± 3.47 mJ/m2 to 35.33 ± 6.56 mJ/m2. Incubation in all tested environments decreased the SFE values, but the differences were in most cases statistically insignificant. Calculating the SFE may be a useful method as it can be used to estimate the possibility of bacteria adhering to contact lens surfaces.     

Wettability and Surface Roughness Analysis of Laser Surface Texturing of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

Due to its wide applicability in industry, devising microstructures on the surface of materials can be easily implemented and automated in technological processes. Laser Surface Texturing (LST) is applied to modify the chemical composition, morphology, and roughness of surfaces (wettability), cleaning (remove contaminants), reducing internal stresses of metals (hardening, tempering), surface energy (polymers, metals), increasing the adhesion (hybrid joining, bioengineering) and decreasing the growth of pathogenic bacteria (bioengineering). This paper is a continuation and extension of our previous studies in laser-assisted texturing of surfaces. Three different patterns (crater array-type C, two ellipses at 90° overlapping with its mirror-type B and 3 concentric octagons-type A) were applied with a nanosecond pulsed laser (active medium Nd: Fiber Diode-pumped) on the surface of a ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430). Micro texturing the surface of a material can modify its wettability behavior. A hydrophobic surface (contact angle greater than 90°) was obtained with different variations depending on the parameters. The analysis performed in this research (surface roughness, wettability) is critical for assessing the surface functionality, characteristics and properties of the stainless steel surface after the LST process. The values of the surface roughness and the contact angle are directly proportional to the number of repetitions and inversely proportional to the speed. Recommendations for the use of different texturing pattern designs are also made.     

表面粗糙度对水与唾液在纯钛及PMMA上润湿作用的影响

目的:评价全口义齿基托材料及其表面粗糙度对义齿固位的影响。方法:测定水与唾液在表面粗糙度不同的纯钛和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)上的前进接触角和后退接触角,通过两者的差值θh反映水与唾液对它们的润湿效果。结果:1、随着表面粗糙度增加,唾液在纯钛上的θh逐渐降低,但当Ra≥1.0,Rz≥1.5时,θh突然增大;而PMMA组,当Ra<1.2,Rz<2时,粗糙度对θh无明显影响,当Ra≥1.2,Rz≥2时θh也显著增加,多数情况下,唾液在相同粗糙度的纯钛上的θh大于在PMMA上的θh。2、水在光滑的PMMA和纯钛上的前进接触角比唾液的大。结论:唾液对纯钛的润湿效果,可以通过高度磨光或形成较为粗糙的表面(Ra≥1.0,Rz≥1.5)得到提高,多数情况下这种润湿效果好于PMMA。提示从润湿效果看,对于不能高度研磨和抛光的义齿组织面,全口义齿上颌腭托选择纯钛并形成较为粗糙的表面可能更有利于固位。