挫伤性屈光不正的眼超声生物学检测

对１１２例挫伤性屈光不正患者进行了超声生物学检测。结果提示，挫伤性近视患者眼球解剖结构存在两大变，即晶体前移和厚度增加，超声前房深度、晶本厚度在伤后的检测结果与对照组相比具显著性差异。并对挫伤屈光不正的发生机制进行了探讨。     

经直肠超声造影在外周带前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经直肠超声造影在外周带区前列腺癌（PCa）诊断中的应用价值。方法对56例经病理证实为前列腺癌患者的超声造影表现进行回顾性分析。观察灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声特点,以及病灶造影增强模式.用Q-LAB软件对病灶及其周围组织造影参数进行对比分析。结果 56例外周型前列腺癌患者,常规灰阶超声低回声结节42例,高回声结节8例,混合回声结节6例;彩色血流异常丰富38例。前列腺癌超声造影表现以快速高增强为主,45例前列腺癌表现为高增强,8例前列腺癌表现为等增强,3例表现为低增强,同时16例增强病灶内存在无增强区。结论经直肠超声造影检查对前列腺外周带癌的诊断有重要价值。     

超声造影对提高肾错构瘤诊断率的价值

目的探讨超声造影在肾错构瘤诊断中的价值。方法对37例患者37个经手术病理证实的肾错构瘤常规超声及超声造影声像图进行回顾性分析。常规超声观察肿瘤大小、边界、内部回声、有无彩色血流信号。超声造影观察病灶的增强时相和方式,包括起始时间、达峰值时间、消退时间及病灶内部结构的增强表现。结果常规超声显示肿块最大直径范围1.7～28.0cm,高回声团块19个,低回声为主团块11个,混合回声6个,无回声1个。19个肿块发现较丰富或丰富彩色血流信号,16个显示周边或内部少量血流信号,2例未见血流信号。术前常规超声诊断符合率为59.5%(22/37)。37个肿块超声造影平均增强起始时间为(13.57±3.34)s,达峰时间为(20.27±4.27)s,开始消退时间为(28.92±5.16)s。皮质期33个病灶呈缓慢向心增强,4个同步增强;达峰值呈高增强15个,等增强14个,低增强8个。其中28例均匀增强。实质期同步消退11个,缓慢消退19个,快速消退7个,发现假包膜2例。联合缓慢向心增强和达峰值均匀等增强或高增强的诊断符合率为75.7%(28/37)。结论造影时缓慢向心增强和均匀等增强或高增强是肾错构瘤的主要表现。     

Endobronchial Ultrasonography: Current Status and Future Directions

Endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) has emerged as a new diagnostic tool that allows the bronchoscopist to see beyond the airway. The radial probe EBUS was first introduced to evaluate the airway structure, which has been shown to be useful for identifying the extent of tumor invasion in the central airway. With advance in technology, smaller radial probes are now available that are capable of visualizing peripheral lung nodules. EBUS is also used as a tool to assist in a biopsy in respiratory diseases. The radial probe EBUS–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) increases the yield of TBNA of mediastinal processes. By the use of the ultra-miniature probe EBUS along with the guide sheath, peripheral lung lesions can be accessed without the exposure to radiation. However, it is still not a real-time procedure with target visualization. The newest development is the convex probe EBUS (CP-EBUS) with a curvilinear electronic transducer on the tip of a flexible bronchovideoscope. CP-EBUS allows real-time EBUS-guided TBNA. Although the main indication for EBUS-TBNA is lymph node staging, it can also be used for diagnosis of intrapulmonary tumors, of unknown hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and of mediastinal tumors. To date, there are no reports of complications related to EBUS-guided TBNA. It is a novel approach that has a good diagnostic yield with excellent potential in assisting safe and accurate diagnostic interventional bronchoscopy. The aim of this review is to highlight the current status of the different EBUS techniques available and to discuss the future direction of EBUS.     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现特征

目的:分析腱鞘巨细胞瘤的声像图特征,探讨高频超声对腱鞘巨细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法:总结分析了15例经手术病理证实的腱鞘巨细胞瘤的二维和彩色多普勒超声特征。结果:腱鞘巨细胞瘤其声像图特征为指、趾等关节或肌腱旁低回声实性肿块,部分肿块可包绕肌腱,单发或多发,大部分回声均匀,无包膜回声,与周围组织分界清晰,可压迫骨质,大部分瘤体内血流信号较丰富。结论:二维及彩色多普勒超声可作为腱鞘巨细胞瘤诊断的重要辅助检查。     

乳头状肾癌和嫌色细胞癌的超声造影表现

目的 探讨超声造影在乳头状肾癌和嫌色细胞癌中的表现.方法 对22例22个经手术病理证实为乳头状肾癌和嫌色细胞癌的常规超声及超声造影声像图进行回顾性分析.常规超声观察肾占位大小、回声、边界、有无彩色血流信号.超声造影观察病灶的增强方式和增强时相,包括起始时间、达峰值时间、消退时间及病灶内部结构的增强表现.结果 本组22个肾占位经手术和病理证实乳头状肾癌13个和嫌色细胞癌9个.22个肿块最大直径范围1.1～14.2 cm,常规超声显示实质性肿块17个,囊实性肿块5个;18个病灶内发现彩色血流信号,4个未显示彩色血流信号.超声造影显示22个病灶均见增强,同步增强13个,缓慢增强9个,其延迟时间2～4 s,达峰值和实质期增强程度始终低于肾皮质;实质期快速消退16个,同步消退6个,共11个肿块周边显示假包膜.结论 缓慢增强和全期低增强对诊断乳头状肾癌和嫌色细胞癌有较大的帮助.