双波长等吸收紫外分光法测定玻璃体内苏拉明浓度

[目的]设计并论证检测玻璃体内苏拉明质量浓度的双波长等吸收紫外分光法.[方法]25只白兔摘除眼球冷冻后获取玻璃体,经过匀浆、沉淀、稀释等系列预处理后首先检验正常兔眼玻璃体个体差异性及紫外分光法测定玻璃体内苏拉明浓度的方法学特异性.接着建立标准曲线方程,考察检测方法的精密度和准确度,确立最低检测定量限,最后检测苏拉明在玻璃体内的样品稳定性.[结果]选取261 nm和269 nm两波长,全部6个个体及混合玻璃体的吸光值差△A(A261-A269)介于±0.002之间;外加高、低浓度苏拉明的曲线以及实际注药的高、低浓度苏拉明曲线与空白玻璃体的曲线走势一致且位于其上,各曲线的波峰波谷位置未见偏移;标准曲线方程为y=4 234 x 2,r=0.999 1;次低、中浓度、次高标准浓度点的日内相对标准差(RSD)分别为13.16%、9\67%、10.35%,日间RSD分别为17.59%、10.09%、11.11%,相对回收率分别为:(95.89±0.08)%、(96.69±0.07)%、(97.43±0.01)%;设计标准曲线的最低质量浓度45μg/mL;其日内、日间相对标准差分别为14.14%、15.94%,检验回收率为(94.92±0.01)%;常温组样品,8 h及以内稳定性尚好,之后不稳定.低温组及3次冻融组稳定性良好.[结论]在给定条件下,白兔玻璃体的个体差异可以忽略,双波长等吸收紫外分光法检测玻璃体内苏拉明浓度的方法学特异性好,精确度、准确度、灵敏度和样品稳定性符合规定要求,因此用该方法测定的玻璃体内药物浓度结果可靠.     

Stimulation of tumor growthin vitro andin vivo by suramin on the VX2 model

Suramin is an antitrypanosomal compound with confirmed efficacy against several human malignancies. It is generally assumed that its mechanism of action includes the interaction with different growth factors, unlike most of the anticancer drugs. Its anticancer activity has not been testedin vivo against squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of suraminin vivo andin vitro on the VX2 tumor model at therapeutic monitored plasma concentrations. We determined the pharmacokinetics of suramin in rabbits, and modelized its administration in order to obtain plasma concentrations between 150 and 300 μg/ml throughout the treatment course of 3 weeks. Under these conditions, antitumor effects of suramin were evaluatedin vivo by comparing liver tumor involvement in suramin-treated and control rabbits. Liver involvement was quantified by image analysis andin vitro effects were also determined at the same concentrations.In vivo, suramin promoted liver tumor growth significantly (p<0.05), compared to untreated controls.In vitro, suramin significantly stimulated tumor cell growth at concentrations above 200 μg/ml (p<0.01). Suramin may have stimulatory effects on tumor growth in squamous cell carcinoma at relevant plasma drug concentrations. Caution should be taken in further trials in patients with squamous cell carcinomas.     

Effects of suramin on metastatic ability,proliferation, and production of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 in human renal cell carcinoma cell line SN12C-PM6

Effects of suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea compound, on metastatic ability, proliferation, and production of plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitors were studied using the highly metastatic human renal cell carcinoma cell line, SN12C-PM6. After renal subscapular implantation of tumor cells in nude mice, suramin significantly inhibited metastasis of tumor cells to the lungs and liver. In vitro growth of tumour cells was inhibited by suramin in a dose-dependent manner, at relatively low doses (ID₅₀ = 105 µg/ml). Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) production by tumor cells was enhanced by suramin (100 µg/ml), whereas urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) production was suppressed. Thus, the increase in PAI-2 and the decrease in uPA production correlated with the inhibitory effects on tumour growth and metastasis by suramin. Therefore suramin may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with an early stage of renal cancer with potential risk of metastasis.     

苏拉明对肺癌血管生成的抑制作用

目的　研究苏拉明对肺癌血管生成的抑制作用及其机制。方法　采用细胞培养和免疫组织化学的方法离体研究肺癌A5 49细胞、人血管内皮ECV 30 4细胞VEGF及其受体 (Flt、KDR)的表达及苏拉明的影响。结果　苏拉明对肺癌细胞产生和分泌VEGF无影响 ;ECV 30 4细胞KDR、Flt的蛋白表达在苏拉明浓度为 0 .2 5ng/ml和 2 .5ng/ml时 ,受到显著抑制 ;而苏拉明浓度为 0 .2 5ng/ml和 2 5ng/ml时Flt的表达 ,以及苏拉明浓度为 2 .5ng/ml和 2 5ng/ml时KDR的表达则无明显变化 (与对照组比较 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;苏拉明对A5 49、ECV 30 4细胞增生无影响。结论　苏拉明抑制肺癌血管生成的作用机制可能是通过抑制血管内皮细胞上的VEGF受体表达 ,减少VEGF与其受体结合所致。     

Enhancement of the response to purinergic agonists in P2Y1 transfected 1321N1 cells by antagonists suramin and PPADS

1. We have previously shown that both suramin and pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′, 4′ disulphonic acid (PPADS) act as antagonists at transfected P2Y₁ receptors. Here we show that under certain experimental conditions these two P2 antagonists can enhance the response to agonists acting at these receptors.
2. The expression of either P2Y₁ or P2Y₂ receptors in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells results, on a change of medium, in an elevation of basal (no added agonist) accumulation of [³H]-inositol(poly)phosphates([³H]-InsP_x) compared to cells not expressing these receptors. This elevation is much greater in P2Y₁ transfectants than in P2Y₂ transfectants.
3. Both PPADS and suramin reduced this basal level of [³H]-InsP_x accumulation in the P2Y₁ expressing cells.
4. When a protocol was used which required changing the culture medium, antagonists were added at a concentration which reduced the basal accumulation by about 50%, there was a significant stimulation in response to increasing concentrations of 2-methylthioadenosine 5′-triphosphate (2MeSATP), in the absence of antagonists there was no significant effect of the agonist.
5. However, when 2MeSATP was added in the absence of a change of medium and with no antagonist present, there was a several fold increase in [³H]-InsP_x accumulation. These results show that a release of endogenous agonist activity (possibly ATP/ADP) from the P2Y₁ expressing cells can create conditions in which a response to an agonist such as 2MeSATP can only be seen in the presence of a competitive antagonist.

     

Suramin attenuates dystrophin‐deficient cardiomyopathy in the mdx mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of suramin, an antifibrotic agent, on cardiac function and remodeling in mdx mice. Methods: mdx mice (8 months old) received intraperitoneal injections of suramin twice a week for 3 months. Control mdx mice (8 months old) were injected with saline. Results: Suramin improved the electrocardiography profile with the main corrections seen in S‐ to R‐wave ratio, PR interval, and Q amplitude, and a significant decrease in the cardiomyopathy index. Suramin decreased myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and myonecrosis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that suramin may be a new adjunctive therapy to help improve cardiomyopathy in DMD. Muscle Nerve 48 : 911–919, 2013     

苏拉明对体外培养视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的　研究苏拉明 (suramin)对培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞 (retinal pigm ent epithelium,RPE)增殖的影响 .方法　将不同质量浓度的苏拉明 (1.5 ,15和 15 0 mg· L- 1 )加入RPE细胞培养液 ,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐 (tetrazolium,MTT)比色法 ,细胞分裂指数计数和核仁组成区嗜银染色(Ag NORs)检测苏拉明对 RPE增殖活力的影响 .结果　含有10 0 m L· L- 1小牛血清的培养液可以显著刺激 RPE的增殖(P<0 .0 1) ,无血清组 A值为 0 .19± 0 .0 1、含血清组 A值为0 .30± 0 .0 1;苏拉明抑制了 10 0 m L· L- 1血清条件下 RPE的增殖 ,呈剂量依赖性 ,最大抑制率达 5 1% ,3种浓度组 A值分别为 0 .2 9± 0 .0 1,0 .2 4± 0 .0 1和 0 .14± 0 .0 1,对细胞的形态无明显影响 .结论　苏拉明对血清刺激 RPE增殖有显著非毒性抑制作用     

苏拉明对RPE移行和增殖抑制作用的对照研究

目的:进一步研究苏拉明(suramin)对体外培养的人视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)移行和增殖的抑制作用。方法:(1)在RPE损伤愈合模型中观察150mg/L suramin对RPE移行的抑制作用。(2)采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)测定体外培养的人RPE在150mg/L suramin作用下的增殖活性的抑制。结果:(1)移行实验发现:150mg/L的suramin在24h对RPE的移行抑制率为48%;(2)增殖实验发现,150mg/L的suramin在3d时对RPE的增殖抑制率为51%。结论:suramin可以显著抑制细胞的移行和增殖,对细胞移行能力的抑制发生在抑制增殖作用之前,提示苏拉明对RPE的抑制可能是先抑制细胞的移行,尔后抑制细胞的增殖,为苏拉明的临床应用提供进一步相关依据。     

Cholinergic and purinergic contribution to the micturition reflex in conscious rats with long-term bladder outlet obstruction

The urethra of female Wistar rats was partially obstructed for 15 weeks. The effects of atropine (1 mg/kg i.v.), suramin (100 mg/kg i.v.), and a combination of atropine and suramin on the peak micturition pressure (MP) were compared during cystometry in conscious rats controls or subjected to outlet obstruction. On the isolated bladder dome, we studied the inhibitory effect of 1 micromol/L atropine, 1 mmol/L suramin, and the combination of the two drugs on contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS). We studied also the contractile response to 80 mmol/L KCl and the concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, phenylephrine, and carbachol on the bladder dome and bladder neck and alpha, beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate on the bladder dome. In conscious rats, the MP, bladder capacity, and micturition volume were significantly higher in obstructed rats than in controls. Suramin induced the same inhibition in the two groups of animals (-30.7 +/- 13.3% in controls and -29.2 +/- 8.5% in obstructed rats). Atropine decreased the MP, but this effect was twofold greater in obstructed animals (-28.1 +/- 3.1% and -65.1 +/- 6.9% in control and obstructed animals, respectively). However, the combined effect of atropine and suramin was additive in controls but not in obstructed (-56.7 +/- 5.4% and -55.9 +/- 9.4%, respectively). Similar results were obtained in vitro using 1 micromol/L atropine and 1 mmol/L suramin. In the obstructed bladder dome and bladder neck, we found a great reduction in KCl- and carbachol-induced contractility but no difference in the response to EFS. Responses to noradrenaline and phenylephrine were moderately reduced in the bladder neck only, whereas responses to alpha, beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate in the bladder dome were not reduced except at the concentration of 300 micromol/L. We conclude that long-term obstruction in rats could induce cholinergic nerve fiber proliferation as suggested by the decrease in M(3) muscarinic receptor contractility (desensitization) and by a greater sensitivity of the MP to atropine.