裂孔源性视网膜脱离手术中不放液的选择与疗效分析

目的：探讨视网膜裂孔冷凝、巩膜环扎、外加压、手术中不放液治疗裂孔源性视网膜脱离（ＲＲＤ）的手术适应证及疗效。方法：对７８例（８０眼）ＲＲＤ采用视网膜裂孔冷凝、巩膜环扎、外加压、术中不放液的手术方法,并对治疗结果进行分析。结果：８０眼ＲＲＤ一次手术成功率为９３．８％,视网膜下液（ＳＲＦ）在术后１～２ｄ吸收为５１．３％,３～７ｄ吸收为３５％,术后视力明显提高。结论：ＲＲＤ术中不放液为手术步骤的重要改进。因其可保持眼内液体及眼压相对稳定,手术成功率高,并发症少,适应证可适当放宽。     

视网膜下液生长因子含量与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变关系

目的 探讨生长因子与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变形成和发展的关系。方法 选４１例孔源性视网膜脱离伴ＰＶＲ患者,采用放射免疫方法测其ＴＮＦ,ＦＧＦ,ＴＧＦ－β,ＥＧＦ的含量。结果 ＰＶＲ患者视网膜下液中ＴＮＦ,ＥＧＦ,ＦＧＦ浓度明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＴＮＦ,ＥＧＦ,ＦＧＦ浓度Ｃ组高于Ｂ组,Ｂ组高于Ａ组,差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。视网膜下液中ＴＮＦ,ＥＧＦ浓度各组高于血浆中ＴＮＦ,ＥＧＦ浓度,     

视网膜下液促使视网膜色素上皮细胞膜上蛋白激酶C变化的机制分析

目的：研究视网膜下液（SRF）能否引起体外培养的视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞浆内蛋白激酶C（PKC）的激活和转位，探讨SRF与RPE细胞中PKC信号系统变化的关系。方法：实验对象为体外培养的RPE细胞；不同的刺激因素分别在不同的时间刺激RPE细胞，通过细胞裂解和离心获取细胞浆和细胞膜蛋白粗提液，用同位素^32P标记和液体闪烁计数法检测细胞浆和细胞膜PKC活性水平。结果：SRF和佛波酯（PMA）都可以激活RPE细胞浆中的PKC（c-PKC），并使其由胞浆向胞膜转位，但胞膜上PKC（m-PKC）活性峰值水平和出现的时间不同。结论：SRF可引起RPE细胞膜上PKC的活性发生变化，变化的幅度与增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）的分级呈正相关。     

Multimodality imaging in macular telangiectasia 2: A clue to its pathogenesis

Macular telangiectasia type 2 also known as idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia and juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis type 2A is an acquired bilateral neurodegenerative macular disease that manifests itself during the fifth or sixth decades of life. It is characterized by minimal dilatation of the parafoveal capillaries with graying of the retinal area involved, a lack of lipid exudation, right-angled retinal venules, refractile deposits in the superficial retina, hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium, foveal atrophy, and subretinal neovascularization (SRNV). Our understanding of the disease has paralleled advances in multimodality imaging of the fundus. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images typically demonstrate the presence of intraretinal hyporeflective spaces that are usually not related to retinal thickening or fluorescein leakage. The typical fluorescein angiographic (FA) finding is a deep intraretinal hyperfluorescent staining in the temporal parafoveal area. With time, the staining may involve the whole parafoveal area but does not extend to the center of the fovea. Long-term prognosis for central vision is poor, because of the development of SRNV or macular atrophy. Its pathogenesis remains unclear but multimodality imaging with FA, spectral domain OCT, adaptive optics, confocal blue reflectance and short wave fundus autofluorescence implicate Müller cells and macular pigment. Currently, there is no known treatment for this condition.     

Hemorrhagic Characteristics Associated with the Prognosis of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy with Subretinal Hemorrhage

Objective: To investigate the hemorrhagic characteristics associated with the treatment prognosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with subretinal hemorrhage. Methods: This was a prospective study. Patients who were included had been diagnosed with naïve PCV from January 2015 to December 2017 in the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, and were followed up for at least 3 months after the treatment. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during the follow-up after treatment were compared with baseline in different groups: A hemorrhage area of >4 disc area (DA) or less, whether or not there was foveal involvement, and the location of the center of the subretinal hemorrhage based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) ring. Data were recorded and analyzed by mixed linear models. Results: One hundred twenty-two patients (124 eyes) were enrolled, including 84 males and 38 females. The mean age was 64.9±9.8 years. Subretinal hemorrhage was presentin 69 eyes (55.6%) at baseline. Among them, a larger hemorrhage area (>4 DA) in 34 eyes (49.3%) showed poorer visual improvement during the follow-up period than a smaller hemorrhage area (≤4 DA) in 35 eyes (50.7%). The fovea was involved in 59 eyes (85.5%) and showed poorer visual improvement during the follow-up than 10 eyes without foveal involvement (F=3.92, P=0.01). Among the 59 eyes with foveal involvement, 25 eyes (42.4%) with the center of the hemorrhage located within ETDRS ring 1 showed poorer visual improvement than eyes with the central hemorrhage ring at 2 or beyond (F=2.23, P=0.05). Conclusion: Large area, foveal involvement, and proximity to the fovea are risk factors for the poor prognosis of PCV with subretinal hemorrhage.     

显微镜下放液、定位、冷凝治疗视网膜脱离

目的总结显微镜直视下治疗非复杂性裂孔性视网膜脱离手术的临床经验。方法对27例非复杂性裂孔性视网膜脱离27只患眼，先预置硅胶块和（或）环扎带，然后在显微镜直视下完成排视网膜下液、视网膜裂孔定位、视网膜冷凝、检查裂孔位置，术后观察视力、视网膜复位情况及并发症。结果一次手术后视网膜视网膜复位率92％（25只眼），仅有两只眼由于视网膜脱离需再次手术。末次随诊最佳矫正视力和术前相比有明显的提高：〈0．1者5只眼，占（18．5％），0．3-0．5者15只眼，占（55．5％），〉0．5者7只眼，占（25．9％）。未见到严重的并发症发生。结论显微镜下放液、定位、冷凝治疗非复杂性裂孔性视网膜脱离手术具有操作简单、方便、直视、效果良好等优点，尤适于初学者应用。     

显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的观察显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法142例（142眼）孔源性视网膜脱离应用显微镜直视下用冷凝头顶压巩膜，确定裂孔及变性区的部位并冷凝，巩膜外加压，术中不引流视网膜下液，术后观察视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况。结果142眼全部一次视网膜完全复位，视网膜下液1d吸收者98眼，2～3d吸收者44眼，术后视力均有不同程度的提高。随访3～6月，复发1眼。结论显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术治疗原发性视网膜脱离，在成功封闭裂孔后，视网膜下液可自行吸收，可有效减少放液所带来的并发症，具有方便、准确、可靠的特点。     

复杂视网膜脱离视网膜下膜超微结构研究

目的研究复杂视网膜脱离病例中视网膜下膜的超微结构特征,探讨视网膜下膜的细胞成分。方法对21例复杂孔源性视网膜脱离伴视网膜下膜者行玻璃体切割术加视网膜下膜切除术,将所获得的视网膜下膜经处理后于光镜下选择细胞较密集处做超薄切片,染色后行透射电镜观察并摄影。结果复杂视网膜脱离视网膜下膜中,色素上皮细胞多呈散在分布,未见明显基底膜供细胞附着,在条索或片状膜当中的色素上皮细胞形态存在变化。神经胶质细胞胞浆内有较丰富的细胞器和直径约10nm的中间型微丝形成。视网膜下膜的细胞间质含有大量胶原纤维。成纤维细胞形状不规则,活跃,胞浆中见大量直径4～6nm微丝。结论视网膜下膜主要由视网膜色素上皮细胞、神经胶质细胞、成纤维细胞和胶原纤维组成。视网膜下膜中色素上皮细胞、神经胶质细胞和成纤维细胞有转化与增殖能力。     

视网膜血管瘤增殖一年龄相关性黄斑变性的特殊类型

本文总结了年龄相关性黄斑变性的特殊类型—视网膜血管瘤增殖(RAP)的临床和造影表现及分期。RAP是起源于黄斑旁视网膜深层毛细血管的、以伴发多灶小片视网膜内出血及盘变前期即有视网膜-脉络膜血管吻合(RCA)形成为特征的新生血管性AMD。     

视网膜下液中cAMP,cGMP水平与孔源性视网膜脱离眼内液动态

分别采用蛋白结合法、放射免疫法测定22例孔源性视网膜脱离患者的视网膜下液、外周血中cAMP、cGMP的含量。发现视网膜下液中,cAMP含量高于血浆;cGMP含量低于血浆。提示cAMP含量升高、cGMP含量降低可能抑制了视网膜色素层对视网膜下液的吸收。在行视网膜脱离手术封闭裂孔同时辅以cAMP拮抗剂,是否有利于视网膜下液的吸收,尚需进一步研究。