Well-being (quality of life) in connection with hypertensive treatment

Quality of life is often considered to equate how the medical treatment is subjectively perceived by the patient, but ought to include the total impact of the disease/treatment on the patient's emotional, physical, and social well-being. Recently, a proposal for a generally applicable definition of quality of life in health care was put forward. This definition includes general well-being, health, and welfare (external factors), as three fundamental components, and the definition is based on both objective and subjective judgments. General well-being is exclusively and expression of the individual's subjective experience and is based on his or her own qualitative evaluation of well-being in relation to condition, treatments, and experiences. Health is according to the proposed definition, judged both objectively (signs) and subjectively (symptoms). Apart from health and well-being, there is also reason to include objectively registrable factors at the welfare level (external factors) such as the consumption of medicines, number of days in hospital, length of sick leave, need of in-home care, etc. This review is an attempt to elucidate the effects of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy on the patient's general well-being. The topic will be discussed from several points of views (e.g., aims of antihypertensive treatment, occurrence of symptoms in the population, compliance with prescribed treatment, symptom inventories, the concept of quality of life.     

Case Report: 49, XXXXY syndrome and high myopia

49, XXXXY karyotype syndrome has been thought of as a variant of Klinefelter's syndrome. It has an incidence of between 1/85 000 to 1/100 000 live births. Typical clinical features include coarse faces, skeletal abnormalities, hypogenitalism and severe learning difficulties. Common ocular features include hypertelorism, epicanthic folds and up-slanting palpebral apertures. Here we report a case of high myopia and its successful correction leading to a positive personality change in one such patient. We advocate full ophthalmic examination, under anaesthesia if necessary, and a trial of refractive correction, even in children thought unlikely to tolerate such.     

学龄前儿童的屈光异常与弱视调查

目的了解屈光检查在学龄前儿童弱视普查中的临床用途。方法应用日本尼康手提全自动检影仪对学龄前儿童进行小瞳孔验光,发现屈光有异常的儿童,再进一步进行散瞳检影验光。结果学龄前儿童屈光异常主要以远视散光和混合散光为主,近视与近视散光较少。学龄前儿童屈光异常的发病率是7.87%,弱视发病率为4.04%,接近全国其他同类报告(3.83%)。结论儿童弱视屈光普查优于视力普查,准确性高、效率高。     

The spherical aberration of aphakic eyes corrected with intra-ocular lenses

The spherical aberration of eyes corrected with intra-ocular lenses is investigated using a model eye with realistic levels of corneal asphericity. The results indicate that the aberration is intermediate between that of paraxial schematic eyes and real eyes. By using standard optical aberration theory, it is shown that for a plano-convex lens with the curved surface facing the cornea, the aberration is similar to that of normal phakic eyes and therefore probably too low to be of any clinical significance. However, for other lens orientations or designs, the level of aberration is usually higher and may lead to a refractive error varying with pupil size and a loss of acuity with large pupil diameters.     

主观症状及实验检查诊断早期干眼症

目的 分析主观症状及实验检查对早期干眼症患者诊断的意义。方法 对55例（109眼）已确诊的早期干眼症患者（无或仅伴有轻微体征）的临床症状及实验检查进行回顾性分析及比较。结果 患者中主观症状所占比率：干涩感94％，视疲劳感82％，异物感74％，明显高于其他症状（P〈0．05）。实验检查的阳性率：基础泪液分泌试验（Schirmer I test，SIt）35％，泪膜破裂时间检查（break-up time，BUT）85％，角结膜荧光素（fluorescent，FL）染色60％，其中BUT阳性率明显高于SIt和FL（P〈0．05）。结论 主观症状及实验检查可为早期干眼症诊断提供有利依据。     

微机矩阵算法程序在屈光学计算中的应用

本文介绍了一种应用微机BASIC语言的屈光学矩阵算法程序,可方便、迅速地解决许多眼科屈光学计算问题,如共轴球面折射系统、共轴球面反射、折射系统、球、柱镜偏心棱镜效应计算和散光柱镜系统的斜交球、柱镜组合计算等等。     

近视眼393例角膜偏心率与相关参数

目的 :研究近视眼患者的角膜偏心率 (e值 )及其与屈光度、角膜曲率、角膜散光之间的相互关联 .方法 :采用计算机辅助角膜地形图测量 ,对门诊屈光不正患者 393例 (76 2只眼 )的e值、屈光度、角膜曲率、角膜散光进行统计学分析 ;运用SPSS 10 .0统计软件作角膜偏心率的均数、标准差及其与各参数之间的相关分析 .结果 :本组患者的e值范围为 0～1.18(右 0～ 0 .73,左 0～ 1.18) ;e值为 0 .39± 0 .12 (右 0 .39±0 .11,左 0 .39± 0 .13) .e值与角膜散光呈负相关 (右眼Pear sonCorrelation =- 0 .10 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ;左眼PearsonCorrelation =- 0 .111,P <0 .0 5 ) .本组患者的e值与年龄、屈光度、角膜曲率均无显著关联 .结论 :角膜偏心率是屈光矫正的一项重要参数 ,推荐 0 .4作为年龄在 35岁以下的近视患者验配硬性隐形眼镜的e值     

巩膜环扎加压术后眼轴与屈光状态的改变

目的：探讨视网膜脱离巩膜环扎加压术后眼部屈光状态的改变。方法：用眼科A超、检影验光等对86例原发性视网膜脱离患者的86只患眼手术前1d及术后1、4、12w时的眼轴长度、眼屈光度等进行测量并将结果进行比较。结果：眼轴长度在术后1、4、12w时均较术前增长(P＜0．01)。眼屈光度在术后1、4、12w时均较术前增加，且向负值偏移(术后1、4w，P＜0．015术后12w，P＜0．05)。结论：巩膜环扎加压术后眼轴长度和屈光状态的变化与眼内嵴有关，术后眼轴增长是眼屈光度负值增加的主要因素。