Quantitative relationship between pupillary reflex feature and its diopter in retinoscopy

ＱｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｐｕｐｉｌｌａｒｙｒｅｆｌｅｘｆｅａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｔｓｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｎｒｅｔｉｎｏｓｃｏｐｙＸｕＳｈａｎｇ（徐上）；ＪｉＳｈａｎｇｎｉａｎ（计尚年）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｐｈｔｈ...     

睫状肌麻痹前后眼屈光状态的变化

用0.5%托吡卡胺眼水,对181名(362眼)4—30岁屈光不正者进行了睫状肌麻痹前后的检影验光对照研究。与常态下相比,用睫状肌麻痹剂后,近视度减少,远视度增加。远视组和近视组的球镜度符合率分别为25.5%和62.4%。散光轴位变化率为48.8%。结果表明,散瞳检影后的主观试镜是必不可少的。     

Comparison of computer-photoscreening with non-cycloplegic retinoscopy for amblyopiogenic risk factors in children

Objective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of using a computer-photoscreene r and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy in the detection of amblyopiogenic factors in nine to fifty months old infants and children.
Methods Three hundred children, nine to fifty months old, were screened with the compute r-photoscreener and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy.With a blinded standardized clinical assessment as the standard, an overall comparison of the sensitivity of and specificity results obtained with the two techniques was made.Photoscree n images on the computer monitor screen were reviewed and analyzed immediately by two independent observers for indicators of amblyopiogenic risk factors.Simu ltaneously, the results were compared to the findings of a full ophthalmologic examination.
Results The computer-photoscreener revealed a sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 90.1%, and the non-cycloplegic retinocopy revealed a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 81.0% for the detection of amblyopiogenic risk factors, includi ng hyperopia (+2.75 D or more), myopia (-1.50 D or more), astigmatism (1. 75 D or more), anisometropia (2.00 D or more), ocular misalignment (5 degrees o r more), and media opacity (1.5 mm or more).
Conclusions The computer-photoscreener offers an opportunity to identify problems that limi t vision, and could provide a feasible and sufficiently reliable screening techn ique in infants and preschool children to be screened successfully for amblyopio genic risk factors.      

分光检影装置和初试报告

目的设计研制半反半透镜分光式动态检影装置,用此装置检测眼调节状态.方法改良旧式的注视和检影同方向检影法为两者成90°角的检影法,使动态检影法的适应性明显扩大.结果更为准确.并利用此装置对一个小样本双眼视的眼调节状态进了检测,包括双眼注视阅读视力表和观看三维彩色体视图.结果双眼视的实际调节平面远于目标平面,彩色体视图有较大深度感.结论分光式动态检影法比普通动态检影法对于双眼视调节的测定具有特殊意义.     

儿童散瞳电脑验光与检影验光对比

目的:探讨电脑验光和检影验光在儿童散瞳前后验光效果,了解电脑验光仪是否能在儿童中应用.方法:对我院进行验光的500例1000眼屈光不正儿童相关资料进行分析,患儿首先进行电脑验光,然后使用10g/L硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶滴眼,3d后分别进行电脑验光和检影验光,比较两种验光效果.结果:近视性屈光不正电脑验光组球镜度数为2.70±2.75DS、柱镜度数为1.54± 1.10DC,均低于检影验光组(P＜0.05);两组轴位差异不显著(P＜0.05);远视性屈光不正电脑验光组球镜度数为-2.35±2.18DS、柱镜度数为-1.50±1.15DC,低于检影验光组(P＜0.05);两组轴位差异不显著(P＞0.05);散瞳前散光度为1.54±1.10D、散光轴为14.38±11.11度;散瞳后电脑验光散光度为1.45±1.21D、散光轴为12.78±10.31度,显著高于检影验光(P＜0.05);两种验光方法所测球镜绝对值的差值≤0.50D,占75％(350/500),≤1.00D的占77.4％(387/500),409例柱镜绝对值的差值≤0.50D,占81.8％.结论:儿童验光配镜关乎儿童视觉发育,电脑验光和检影验光均有利弊,且电脑验光不能取代检影验光可将其作为快速验光的辅助工具.     

翼状胬肉眼使用电脑验光和视网膜检影测定散光的对比研究

目的:探讨翼状胬肉引起的散光在使用电脑验光与视网膜检影时的差别,以获得准确的验光结果.方法:收集翼状胬肉患者161例161眼,其中由于翼状胬肉引起散光者146例146眼,对以上146例患眼先后进行电脑验光和视网膜检影,对两种方法验出的散光结果进行统计学分析比较.结果:本组病例中电脑验光与视网膜检影测出散光的轴位无明显差异,但散光值却有显著差异,电脑验光所测出的散光度数高于视网膜检影.结论:翼状胬肉眼经电脑验光测出的散光轴位比较准确,但电脑验光测出散光值只能作为参考,视网膜检影可以得到最佳验光结果.     

睫状肌麻痹下像差验光与视网膜检影验光的对比研究

目的在睫状肌麻痹条件下,通过比较AllegroAnalyzer波阵面像差仪测量所得低阶像差值与视网膜检影验光所得屈光度值,以验证AllegroAnalyzer波阵面像差仪测量低阶像差的可靠性及准确性。方法随机选取来我院拟接受准分子激光手术术前检查的屈光不正患者159例290眼,在用药物麻痹睫状肌条件下,行视网膜检影验光,并运用AllegroAnalyzer波阵面像差仪测定患者的波阵面像差,记录低阶像差值,对二者的结果进行比较分析。结果对低中度近视及散光而言,像差验光值与检影验光值相符率高,差异较小。对超高度近视,AllegroAnalyzer像差仪测量与检影验光值差异较大。AllegroAnalyzer像差仪测量散光轴轴向与检影验光所得值一致。结论AllegroAna-lyzer像差仪对低中度近视及散光的测量误差小,可靠性强;对超高度近视误差较大,可靠性稍差;对散光轴轴向的测量准确性高,可靠性强。     

The influence of cycloplegia in objective refraction

The purpose of this study was to compare refractions measured with an autorefractor and by retinoscopy with and without cycloplegia. The objective refractions were performed in 199 right eyes from 199 healthy young adults with a mean age of 21.6 +/- 2.66 years. The measurements were performed first without cycloplegia and repeated 30 min later with cycloplegia. Data were analysed using Fourier decomposition of the power profile. More negative values of component M and J(0) were given by non-cycloplegic autorefraction compared with cycloplegic autorefraction (p < 0.0001). However more positive values for the J(45) vector were given by non-cycloplegic autorefraction, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.233). By retinoscopy, more negative values of component M were obtained with non-cycloplegic retinoscopy (p < 0.0001); for the cylindrical vectors J(0) and J(45) the retinoscopy without cycloplegia yields more negative values (p = 0.234; p = 0.112, respectively). Accepting that differences between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy are only due to the accommodative response, the present results confirm that when performed by an experienced clinician, retinoscopy is a more reliable method to obtain the objective starting point for refraction under non-cycloplegic conditions.     

The artifact of retinoscopy

The results of retinoscopic refraction measurements in rabbits are compared with the results of two alternative refraction methods. In one of these methods the response to moving gratings is measured in relation to the added lenspower; in the second method retinoscopy is executed with monochromatic lights. From the results of both methods it is concluded that rabbits are emmetropic within the wavelength range 470–530 nm. This emmetropy is of a biological significance in view of the spectral sensitivity of this animal and its lack of accommodative power. The apparent hypermetropy resulting from conventional retinoscopy is due to chromatic aberration.     

基于数字化技术改造的检影验光理论的教学应用

随着眼视光学教学改革的深入与发展,以计算机技术为核心的教育技术在眼视光学教学中发挥着重要的作用。针对传统检影验光理论教学存在的问题,将数字化技术应用于其中,对于提高教学质量、激发学生的学习兴趣、实现教学互动都有着重要意义。