Follow-Up Study of Over Three Years of Patients with Uveitis after Cataract Phacoemulsification: Outcomes and Complications

Purpose: To evaluate the rate and onset of intraoperative and postoperative complications post-phacoemulsification. Methods: One hundred sixty-two eyes of 145 patients with uveitis who underwent phacoemulsification between 2006 and 2009 were identified through surgical record review. Fifty-nine eyes of 46 patients met the inclusion criteria. Hazard ratio (HR) and Kaplan-Meier survival probability were calculated for each class of uveitis. Results: Macular edema (ME) resulted to be associated to chronic postoperative inflammation (r?=?0.6; p?=?0.00) and mostly related to patients who presented more than one postoperative relapse/year (r?=?0.2; p?=?0.02). Fuchs uveitis resulted to be a risk factor for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) (HR 3.36 IC95%1.0-10.5; p?=?0.03). Hypotony and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) were detected in the anterior uveitis group (0.02 EY). Conclusion: The HR to develop ME was significantly related to chronic anterior uveitis. PCO and elevated IOP are most frequent in Fuchs uveitis. The postoperative visual acuity result was good among all the uveitis groups.     

Detection of glaucomatous damage using multifocal ERG

The first‐order kernel analysis in multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) using low contrast stimulation is suggested as a way to detect the inner retinal responses in animal studies. In this case report, this protocol is applied to human patients with glaucoma to demonstrate the possibility of using mfERG as a tool to detect glaucomatous damage. Two patients with glaucoma were recruited and had mfERG measurements with the 103‐scaled hexagonal stimulus pattern at low (50 per cent) contrast. Their responses were analysed and compared with those from normal subjects with the mfERG measured under the same condition. In the normal subjects, there were obvious oscillatory components on the ascending and descending limbs of the first‐order kernel response to 50 per cent contrast. In the glaucomatous patients, the oscillatory component on the descending limb was obviously diminished. In addition, this component was significantly diminished in the quadrant with a glaucomatous visual field defect. This suggests that the low‐contrast stimulation condition in mERG measurement may provide a good way to detect glaucomatous damage and this may help in clinical diagnosis of glaucoma.     

Anti-gal-C antibody in autoimmune neuropathies subsequent to mycoplasma infection

Four of 82 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 1 of 12 with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), who previously had had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, had serum antibody to galactocerebroside (Gal-C). Two patients with GBS without mycoplasma infection also had anti-Gal-C antibody, whereas none of the normal or the disease controls had it. As Gal-C is a major glycolipid antigen in myelin, anti-Gal-C antibody may function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinative neuropathies. Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears to be an important preceding infectious agent in autoimmune neuropathies with anti-Gal-C antibody. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

小切口超声乳化白内障人工晶体植入术临床探讨

目的，评价小切口超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的疗效。方法：对２１例老年性，并发性，先天性，外伤性白人障行小切口超声乳化摘除人工晶体植入术。结果：术后１周裸眼视力≥０．５者占７３．９１％，术后３个月裸眼视力≥０．５者占８２．６１％，矫正视力≥０．６者占９１．３０％，术后１周平均散光为１．７５±１．００Ｄ，术后３个月为１．２５±０．７５Ｄ，分别小于１０－１２ｍｍ大切口对照组，差异有显著性。     

人工晶体植入屈光度的术前预选法：眼科超声仪36例对比研究

根据公认的眼科解剖学数据，提出后房型人工晶体植入屈光度的术前预测方法：IOL（D）=1．02（＋21D＋2X）。经人工晶体专用眼科A超36眼实测对比，无显著差异，认为在地市级医院和县级医院后房型人工晶体植入术推广中具有积极意义。     

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: value of diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and treatment control

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by the replication of JC virus in oligodendrocytes of immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis usually relies on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based demonstration of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. As previous reports have suggested that some patients may benefit from antiviral therapy, non-invasive early diagnosis is highly desirable. Repetitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations (two to nine) were obtained in seven patients (aged 40–67 years, six males, one female) with classical clinical and imaging findings of PML. Five patients had underlying hematological disorders and two acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PCR of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen was positive for JC virus DNA in six patients. MRI sequences included T2-, T1- and diffusion-weighted (DW) images in all patients and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) in four cases. DTI was once performed at 3T, in the remaining patients at 1.5T. All patients received antiviral treatment with cidofovir in addition to the treatment of the underlying disorder. MRI showed areas of T2 hyperintensity with involvement of the subcortical U-fibers and restricted diffusion in all patients. Areas of diffusion abnormality correlated with disease progress. Contrast enhancement was encountered once after successful treatment and heralded clinical remission with virus elimination from the CSF. Hence, MRI including DW and contrast-enhanced images may be used to evaluate disease activity. Contrast enhancement may indicate an inflammatory response and thus herald immunologic virus elimination.     

Non-HIV-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML): A Tertiary Cancer Center Experience

In the course of 1 year at a tertiary cancer center, 3 patients (2 men; 1 woman; age 51-75 years) were seen in neurological consultation (1.5% of all consultations). Clinical course in all patients was of a progressive neurologic disorder not consistent with either a primary or secondary malignancy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was most informative with respect to diagnosis and subsequent management. Brain biopsy was performed in all patients to assist in both diagnosis and prognostication. All patients were determined to have progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) by brain biopsy.     

闭合式小切口手法碎核折叠式人工晶体植入联合穿透性角膜移植术

目的探讨利用小切口手法碎核技术,选择性地对同时患有角膜病变和白内障的病例施行闭合式白内障摘除人工晶体植入联合穿透性角膜移植（三联术）的临床效果。方法选择2001年1月至2005年12月在本中心就诊的12例（13只眼）同时患有角膜病变和白内障的病人,在局麻下先施行3mm弦长、180度圆弧的巩膜隧道切口,手法碎核（三切核）、植入6.5mm直径的折叠式人工晶体后,用负压环钻切除病变角膜组织,立即用连续缝合法将植片缝于植床。术后常规全身应用抗生素和皮质激素,局部滴用免疫抑制剂（环孢霉素A）滴眼剂2～6个月;最后随访时间为2～72个月,平均22个月。结果本组12例（13只眼）无一例在术中发生并发症。术后1例发生浅前房,3d后前房恢复正常,但虹膜周边局部前粘;出院时,眼压均在正常范围。1例在术后5个月时发生植片自溶,再次行角膜移植,半年后植片血管化,放弃治疗。3例术后1年发生免疫排斥反应;经再次局部应用免疫抑制剂2～3个月后角膜恢复透明。最后随访时,9例植片透明,3例在植缘有少量新生血管;瞳孔均居中,基本为圆形;人工晶体位置不偏,后囊明显混浊1例,施行YAG激光后囊膜切开。无一例发现囊口收缩或明显的囊口纤维化。最后随访时矫正视力0.04～0.8,平均0.4。结论选择性地对同时患有角膜病变和白内障的病人采用闭合式小切口手法碎核三联术,术式简化、术时短;术中并发症少、风险小、安全;可以尽早地恢复病眼的视力。     

Brain and kidney of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients contain identical rearrangements of the JC virus promoter/enhancer

The kidneys of six progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) patients were examined by PCR amplification for the presence of JC virus. Amplification of three different areas of the viral genome from multiple samples of each kidney revealed three that were positive for the virus. The use of a PCR-based typing assay on all tissue samples, and cloned sequences from the viral coding region from each positive kidney showed that the same viral genome was present in the kidney as in the brain of the patient. Regulatory region clones all had the archetypal promoter/enhancer structure. However, when PCR fragments from the regulatory region were digested with a restriction enzyme which cuts in region D, the region most often deleted in PML-type promoters, a low level of undigested DNA remained. This DNA refractory to digestion had a rearranged sequence identical to that of the unique rearranged promoter in the brain of each patient. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.