腰椎节段形态对峡部、小关节应力及小关节接触力影响的有限元分析

目的:探讨腰椎形态结构变化对峡部裂性滑脱及小关节退变的作用和意义。方法:采用改良的“非种子区域分割方法”及非平行“最佳切割平面”等一系列新型计算机辅助设计(CAD)方法精确建立包括椎间盘高度、腰椎小关节角、椎间盘前凸角改变的L4~L5活动节段有限元模型;在2700N轴向压缩载荷条件下,分别对各有限元模型的峡部、小关节应力、小关节接触力以及椎间盘负载进行测试。结果:压缩载荷下,腰椎活动节段峡部、小关节等效应力及小关节接触力随椎间盘高度的减小而减小,随小关节角的增大而增加,随椎间盘前凸角的增加而减小。结论:椎间盘高度、腰椎小关节角、椎间盘前凸角等形态结构变化对腰椎节段有限元模型的峡部、小关节应力及小关节接触力有明显的影响。提示腰椎峡部应力性骨折及小关节退变的发生与椎间盘高度、腰椎小关节角、椎间盘前凸角等解剖形态因素有关。     

Penicillamine-Induced Degenerative Dermatoses: Report of a Case and Brief Review of Such Dermatoses

We describe a case of elastosis perforans serpiginosa with additional findings of degenerative skin changes. A 20-year-old man with hepatolenticular degeneration, under prolonged treatment with D-penicillamine, presented with a circular or serpiginous arrangement of nuchal papules. Histopathologically, transepidermal channels were accompanied by granulomatous reactions, with several giant cells engulfing elastic fibers. In addition to these findings of a typical elastosis perforans serpiginosa, we observed scar-like skin changes inside the circular arrangement of the papules. At the scar-like tissue, we found electron-microscopical evidence of randomly aggregated thin collagen fibers with no tendency toward systemic combined bundle formation, which is a characteristic feature of normal collagen fiber formation. Pseudoxanthoma-elasticum-like changes were observed on his neck. On his axillae and groin, slight skin thickening and wrinkling were detected. The diagnosis of elastosis perforans serpiginosa does not represent all of the manifestations or the pathological background described above. The skin manifestations described here represent not only an elastosis but also a total degenerative dermatosis with over-healed collagenosis. Thus, those dermatoses should be summarized as one entity, penicillamine-induced degenerative dermatosis. After considering the pathogenic background and clinical similarities, we further propose to simplify the penicillamine-induced skin manifestations to three categories: acute sensitivity reactions, bullous dermatoses, and degenerative dermatoses.     

退变性症状性腰椎侧凸的手术治疗

[目的]探讨后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术式治疗退变性症状性腰椎侧凸的临床效果。[方法]1999年1月-2006年4月，采用经后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术式治疗退变性症状性腰椎侧凸37例，男21例，女16例；年龄51—82岁，平均62．6岁。所有病例拍摄腰椎正侧位片及Bending片，常规备CT和MRI。根据患者下肢症状行全椎板或半椎板减压，神经根扩大，椎间植骨融合及椎弓根螺钉间断固定。[结果]本组病例均获随访（1—6年，平均2年零7个月），术后临床症状均明显缓解，按JOA评分，手术疗效优良率91．9％，侧凸平均矫正率54．8％。随访期间无明显矫正度数及椎间隙高度丢失，术后3个月、1年复查X片内置物无松动及断裂，植骨融合时间平均11．6周。[结论]对于退变性症状性腰椎侧凸患者：（1）采取个体化治疗，年龄不是绝对手术禁忌证，病程长短不是决定手术疗效的重要指标；（2）后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术是安全有效的理想术式。     

退变性腰椎侧凸的外科治疗

目的探讨退变性腰椎侧凸的特点、诊断与治疗。方法2001年7月至2004年1月手术治疗退变性脊柱侧凸患者15例,行后路彻底椎板减压、椎弓根钉棒矫形固定,椎间融合器融合12例,后外侧植骨融合3例,回顾性分析其临床特点、手术方法与效果。结果术后侧凸平均矫正率为42.8%,腰腿痛均消失,下肢麻木等症状减轻,随访6~36个月,植骨融合良好,无融合器移位,矫正度数与椎间隙高度无丢失。结论成人退变性腰椎侧凸发病年龄大,多合并腰椎管狭窄、失稳等,腰腿痛原因复杂,治疗的主要目的是彻底减压,通过矫形使脊柱重新获得稳定,椎弓根钉棒固定及椎间融合是有效的治疗方法。     

退行性腰椎不稳的临床影像解剖特征及治疗

目的:探讨退行性腰椎不稳症的临床影像解剖特征及手术治疗的疗效。方法:42冽病人,其中腰椎不稳合并腰椎管狭窄20例,退行性滑脱18例,退行性侧弯4例。全部病例均常规行X线正侧位片、左右斜位片以及腰椎动力性侧位片检查,观察脊柱不稳部位及节段;同时行CT或MRI检查,了解柞管及神经根管情况;依据病人的病情、年龄等情况采取相应的手术方案,术后佩戴外固定支柱并进行随访。结果:全部病例随访中X线片显示,除1例因严重骨质疏松造成螺钉松动外,椎弓根断裂1例,其余固定牢固,螺钉、棒无折断,复位无丢失,无感染及脊髓神经根损伤等并发症,植骨融合良好,优良率达93％。结论:L4/5屈时移位>8％、过伸时移位>9％;L5/S1过屈时移位>6％、过伸时移位>9％;或椎体前后移位>4mm,椎体问成角>10°为退行性下腰椎不稳的影像学特征。神经减压和椎管成型辅以后路椎弓根钉捧系统同定及植骨融合术治疗退行性下腰椎不稳疗效优良。     

健骨益肾汤促进个性化3D打印脊柱CLIF术后恢复的临床研究

目的：研究健骨益肾汤对个性化3D打印脊柱微创猫眼侧方腰椎融合术（CLIF）术后恢复的影响。方法：选取2019年1月至2020年1月在河南省洛阳正骨医院接受CLIF术治疗的50例腰椎退行性侧弯患者,将其中单纯手术治疗的24例患者纳入对照组,将其中于CLIF术后应用健骨益肾汤治疗的26例患者纳入观察组。比较两组患者临床指标、临床症状评分,术前、术后2周、术后1个月及预后（术后1年）观察两组患者的腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表（ODI）评分的变化情况,术后1年的矫正效果。结果：观察组患者术后引流量少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;观察组患者术后下肢麻木、腰部疼痛、步行障碍、感觉障碍评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;术后2周、术后1个月,观察组患者ODI评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;两组患者预后侧凸Cobb角度、骨盆倾斜角度、腰椎前凸角度、矢状面轴向距离、冠状面平衡均低于术前,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）,两组患者术前、预后各项指标组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论：健...     

多节段前外侧入路腰椎椎间融合联合后路内固定术治疗腰椎退行性侧凸伴矢状面失衡的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨多节段前外侧入路腰椎椎间融合（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）联合后路内固定治疗腰椎退行性侧凸伴脊柱矢状面失平衡的效果。方法：回顾性分析2017年9月～2020年4月于我院就诊并接受多节段OLIF联合后路内固定治疗的17例腰椎退行性侧凸伴脊柱矢状面失平衡患者,男3例,女14例;年龄55～81岁（67.8±6.3岁）;随访时间13～39个月（25.9±7.6个月）。在术前、术后与末次随访时的全脊柱X线片测量脊柱冠状面及矢状面相关参数,包括：腰椎侧凸Cobb角、C7铅垂线-骶骨中垂线距离（C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line,C7PL-CSVL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、胸腰段后凸角（thoracolumbar kyphosis,TLK）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、腰椎前凸分布指数（lordosis distribution index,LDI）、脊柱矢状面垂直轴（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、脊柱骶骨角（spino-sacral angle,SSA）、躯干整体倾斜角（global tilt,GT）、GAP评分（Global Alignment and Proportion score）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt, PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。记录术前、术后与末次随访时的Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、腰部和下肢疼痛视觉模拟（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分。对术前、术后和末次随访时的影像学和临床指标进行统计学分析。结果：17例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间120～480min（327.4±85.4min）,出血量50～1100ml（504.7±275.1ml）,融合节段3～8个（3.8±1.2个）。1例患者术后左侧大腿外侧腹股沟区感觉减退,给予营养神经药物后20d症状缓解;1例患者术中发生椎体终板骨折,调整融合器置入路径避开骨折部位,同时一期附加后路椎弓根螺钉内固定,随访未发现融合器进一步沉降。术后和末次随访时的腰椎侧凸Cobb角、C7PL-CSVL、TK、TLK、LL、LDI、GT、GAP评分、PT、SS与术前比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,腰椎矢状面平衡相关参数均获得改善;术后与末次随访时比较均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后和末次随访时的ODI、JOA评分、腰部VAS和下肢VAS评分与术前比较均有显著性改善（P＜0.05）,末次随访时进一步改善,与术后比较差异均有显著性（P＜0.05）。结论：多节段OLIF联合后路内固定术可以有效缓解腰椎退行性侧凸患者的症状,同时矫正脊柱三维畸形、重建矢状面和冠状面平衡,提高患者生活质量。     

Primary afferent origin of substance P-containing axons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord: depletion, regeneration and replenishment of presumed nociceptive central terminals

Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) was localized in the superficial spinal dorsal horn of the rat by means of light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. Serial immunocytochemical sections were subjected to densitometric measurements with an electronic Image Analyser, and with aid of a computer program, a two-dimensional reconstruction of the fine neuroanatomical structure of the SPLI-active regions of the lumbosacral upper superficial spinal dorsal horn was obtained. SPLI activity in the superficial dorsal horn outlines four well-marked and distinctly differing regions, called, in the mediolateral sequence, areas A, B, C, and D, plus Cajal's noyeau interstitiel ("lateral spinal nucleus" = "nucleus of the dorsolateral fascicle," L). Lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomy results in an almost complete depletion of SPLI from ipsilateral areas A, B, C, and D; it induces decreased SPLI in the area of the lateral spinal nucleus (L), ipsi- or contralaterally in an alternating fashion. Transection of the segmentally related, ipsilateral peripheral nerve induces a marked depletion of SPLI from areas A, B, and C but only a slight decrease in area D and virtually none in the area of L. Whereas a simple crush of the peripheral nerve (axocompression) induces only a slight depletion of SPLI, if any, semiautomatic densitometric analysis of serial immunocytochemical sections proves that a controlled crush injury (axocontusion) results in depletion of SPLI from the upper dorsal horn, similar to transection of the peripheral nerve. Following regeneration of the ipsilateral, segmentally related peripheral nerve, the original immunocytochemical structure of the superficial dorsal horn is re-established by SPLI-positive axonal sprouts originating from previously damaged dorsal root axons.     

Endothelial lipopigment as an indicator of α-tocopherol deficiency in two equine neurodegenerative diseases

Two spontaneous neurodegenerative diseases of the horse, equine motor neuron disease (EMND) and equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM), have been associated with -tocopherol deficiency, and both were characterized by prominent accumulations of endothelial lipopigment in the small vessels of the spinal cord. These endothelial pigment deposits appear to be reversible. In EMND horses pasture-supplemented for 9 months or more after the progression of weakness and wasting had arrested, there was very little endothelial lipopigment. The origin and the potential effects of these endothelial lipopigment accumulations are discussed.