上下泪小管同时断裂35例手术分析

目的探讨上、下泪小管同时断裂的手术治疗方法。方法上、下泪小管同时断裂共35例,按手术方式分为两组。A组:27例同时行上、下泪小管吻合术;B组:8例仅行下泪小管吻合术。结果A组27例较少发生内眦角变形、睑外翻,上下泪点复位良好。结论为求上、下泪小管断裂术后能达到解剖复位及功能复位,同时行上、下泪小管断裂吻合效果较好。     

Value of spiral CT in hemodynamically stable patients following blunt chest trauma

Introduction: Features of spiral CT (SCT) — fast scanning, dynamic injection of contrast allowing optimal vessel opacification, and supplemental multiplanar imaging — promises to provide increased accuracy in the diagnosis of acute and non acute thoracic vascular disease. Recent work demonstrating the cost effective triage of hemodynamically stable patients after blunt chest trauma for angiography based on dynamic CT findings has prompted an investigation into the accuracy of SCT in this clinical setting. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients seen in the emergency department over the period of one year for aortic, thoracic, or blunt chest trauma evaluation was performed (74 patients) and all SCT scans available were reviewed and data reformatted for optimal delineation of pathology using maximum intensity projection and multiplanar reformation. The accuracy and predictive positive and negative values of SCT were calculated with respect to angiography, surgical, and/or clinical follow up evaluation. Results: Twenty three (31%) patients went directly to angiography owing to mediastinal widening on chest film and hemodynamic instability, of which four were positive and required emergent surgery. Seven hemodynamically stable patients (9%) had noncontrast SCT owing to mediastinal widening on chest film, all of which had angiography with none having great vessel trauma. Fourty four hemodynamically stable patients (60%) had contrast enhanced SCT (ceSCT), of which five (11%) were abnormal and underwent angiography, four of these were positive for aortic damage, one for a subclavian artery laceration. Of the remaining 39 patients who had normal ceSCT; five had angiography, all of which were normal. Of the remaining 34 patients that had normal ceSCT none had adverse outcome on clinical follow-up, minimum of 12 months. Conclusion: The predictive positive value for aortic trauma of ceSCT in blunt trauma is 80%, with a predictive negative value of 100%, indicating that it is feasible for SCT to be a first line exam in blunt chest trauma in the future.     

脑挫裂伤水肿转归时间的探讨

目的总结脑挫裂伤后脑水肿发展与消退的时间,为临床治疗提供依据。方法我院4年来收治的脑挫裂伤的患者174例,至少每3d复查一次CT,根据CT影像表现作为观察脑水肿的指标,记录脑水肿随时间演变的过程。结果所有病例脑水肿在3d内达到高峰,但水肿高峰持续时间存在差异,病程中脑水肿的高峰持续时间3～5d7例,6～8d34例,9～11d112例,12d以上21例。脑水肿高峰持续时间与脑水肿严重程度和挫裂伤的严重程度有显著关系。结论大部分脑挫裂伤脑水肿高峰时间比过去我们认识的要长,故使用控制脑水肿药物的时间应适当延长,特别是严重颅脑损伤患者,并应根据不同情况选择脱水剂。     

Successful treatment of blunt trauma involving complete laceration of the pancreas and duodenum in a 7-year-old child: Report of a case

The acute onset of peritoneal signs and shock in a 7year-old boy who had been hit in the epigastrium by a log-seesaw mandated surgical treatment. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated complete laceration of the pancreas as well as duodenal injury, and a duodenoduodenostomy with distal pancreaticogastrostomy was subsequently performed. Temporary external drainage of the stomach and distal pancreas led to an uneventful recovery in the early postoperative period. Although the patient's postoperative development was appropriate for his age, the orifice of the distal pancreas spontaneously closed 2.5 years following surgery. We present this report to stress the fact that every effort should be made to preserve the pancreas following abdominal injury in children.     

亚低温冬眠疗法治疗重度脑挫伤的临床研究

目的探讨亚低温冬眠疗法对重度脑挫伤病人的脑保护机理及临床疗效。方法46例重度脑挫伤患者(GCS≤8分)随机分为亚低温冬眠治疗组和常温治疗组。其中亚低温冬眠组22例,入院后4￣12h内行亚低温冬眠治疗,输液泵持续静脉点滴冬眠合剂,将肛温控制在32￣35℃,亚低温冬眠治疗4￣7d,同时检测颈动脉和颈静脉血气、电解质变化、血糖及生命体征等指标。常温组24例除未行亚低温冬眠治疗外,其余综合治疗及监测方法同亚低温冬眠组。两组病人均于伤后3个月根据GOS预后评分判定疗效。结果与常温组比较,亚低温冬眠治疗组脑氧耗明显降低,高血糖情况显著下降,生命体征及电解质等无明显差异,无严重并发症,死残率明显降低,预后显著改善。结论亚低温冬眠疗法具有显著的脑保护作用,临床应用于重度脑挫伤救治安全有效,无严重并发症。     

Relationship of actin filament assembly to clearance of fibrinogen gold, GPIIb-IIIa complexes on spread platelets

Abstract. The present study has evaluated the influence of high concentrations of cytochalasins B and E on the detergent-resistant actin levels in fully spread platelets by PAGE gel electrophoresis, and the effects of the two inhibitors of new actin filament assembly on translocation of fibrinogen gold (Fgn/Au) labelled GPIIb-IIIa receptors on the surface-activated cells. Concentrations of 10^{- 4}m and 10^-5 m cytochalasin B and E reduced detergent-resistant actin in fully spread platelets to levels present in resting discoid platelets in suspension. Despite reduction of actin filaments to levels in resting cells, cytochalasin B did not prevent translocation of Fgn/Au from platelet margins into channels of the open canalicular system (OCS). Similar concentrations of cytochalasin E completely blocked translocation of receptor-ligand complexes and produced a patching phenomenon not observed in previous studies. Rinsing of the spread cells to remove cytochalasin, followed by incubation of the treated platelets in Hank's buffered salt solution (HBSS) restored levels of detergent-resistant actin to those found in untreated, spread platelets. Resting grids of 10 ⁵ m cytochalasin E-treated platelets on drops of HBSS for 15min restored their ability to clear FGN/Au linked to GPIIb-IIIa from exposed surfaces to the OCS, but 10^-4 m cytochalasin E-treated cells remained anergic after incubation on drops of HBSS. Thus a fully assembled cytoplasmic actin filament cytoskeleton does not appear to be essential for translocating receptor-ligand complexes on the platelet surface to the OCS, nor does its presence guarantee that the ability to clear GPIIb-IIIa receptors will be restored.     

Primary anastomosis for complete bulbar urethral rupture with rectal laceration caused by straddle injury: A case report

IntroductionThe initial management of urethral trauma remains disputed, and there are several suitable techniques, including delayed repair and suprapubic urinary diversion as well as primary endoscopic or open alignments. The treatment choice used depends on the rupture’s location and length as well as the accompanying trauma.Case presentationA 33-year-old male patient was referred to the department of emergency, with the chief complaint of inability to void experienced 1 day before being admitted, after falling from a height of approximately three meters. There was a laceration to the perineum 3 cm long to the rectum, with no active bleeding. After the incident, the patient could not void, but the lower abdomen was not painful. Upon retrograde urethrography examination, contrast extravasation of the bulbous urethra was seen through the anorectal laceration. Immediate debridement and repair for the anorectal wound, then primary anastomosis for the bulbous urethra, was performed.DiscussionThe likelihood of an injury to the anterior urethra increases with certain clinical features, including blood in the urethral meatus, palpable bladder distention, and a butterfly appearance on the perineum. Immediate exploration and reconstruction of the urethra is recommended in urethral traumas associated with penile fractures and non-life-threatening penetrating injuries. Furthermore, small lacerations are repaired primarily, while total ruptures are treated with anastomosis.ConclusionProper identification and management of urethral rupture determines the outcome. Initial urethral trauma management is disputed; however, a bulbous urethra rupture with anorectal lacerations can be treated safely and effectively with primary anastomosis.     

单侧开颅额部大脑镰切开救治双额叶挫裂伤的疗效分析

目的评价单侧开颅额部大脑镰切开救治双额叶挫裂伤的疗效优点。方法回顾性分析了2000-01～2004-01行手术救治的双额叶或双额+一侧颞叶挫裂伤76例。其中A组36例,行单侧开颅大脑镰下切开术;B组40例,双额开颅手术。结果A组患者死亡率、致残率、平均手术时间、输血量、住院费用明显低于B组患者,二组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论单侧开颅额部大脑镰切开救治双额叶挫裂伤能能显著降低重型颅脑损伤患者的死亡率和致残率,明显减少手术时间、输血量及住院费用,具有较好的临床实用价值。     

严重皮肤撕脱伤患者的护理体会

目的探讨严重皮肤撕脱伤发生的原因，采取有效的救治及护理措施。方法总结2009～2013年发生严重皮肤撕脱伤共7例的临床资料与护理措施。结果经采取有效的抗休克、创面换药、植皮等护理，6例患者愈合良好。结论皮肤撕脱伤是严重而复杂的创伤，其创面大，常合并有深部组织损伤，病情危重、复杂，创面组织渗出多，感染率高，需要护理人员熟练的急救技术配合救治。