抗VEGF联合Ahmed引流阀治疗NVG术中是否联合超乳的对比观察

目的：观察抗VEGF联合Ahmed引流阀植入术中白内障超声乳化与非超乳治疗合并白内障的新生血管性青光眼(NVG)的疗效。

方法：回顾分析我院诊断为NVG合并白内障的患者47例47眼,术前均行抗VEGF玻璃体积内注射,其中19眼行白内障超声乳化吸除术联合Ahmed引流阀植入术(联合组),28眼行单纯Ahmed引流阀植入术(单阀组),术后观察视力、眼压和用药情况,并随访6mo以上。

结果：NVG患者47眼中,术后各时间点眼压均较术前显著降低(P<0.05)。随访至6mo时,联合组患者视力提高者10 眼(53%),不变者8眼(42%),降低者1眼(5%); 手术完全成功率为84%(16/19),条件成功率 11%(2/19),失败5%(1/19); 单阀组患者视力提高者11眼(39%),不变者17眼(61%),降低者0例,手术完全成功率为61%(17/28),条件成功率 25%(7/28),失败14%(4/28)。

结论：抗VEGF和单纯Ahmed引流阀植入术联合白内障超声乳化摘除手术既能有效控制术后眼压,又尽可能提高患者视力,减少术后青光眼药物使用量,便于随诊眼底,是治疗NVG的有效方法。     

Drug,delivery and devices for diabetic retinopathy (3Ds in DR)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness among the working population worldwide. Clearly, there is an unmet clinical need to find better treatment options for DR.

Areas covered: The literature search was conducted on PubMed with no limitation on language or year of publication. The review focuses on the clinically used drugs/proteins along with a brief background on the pathophysiology of DR. The major focus of this review revolves around three treatment approaches involving drugs/proteins, drug delivery formulations and drug delivery devices. In each category, major advances are discussed along with the possible solutions. We have also discussed the various modes of administration that are currently being evaluated in the clinic. An attempt has been made to address the potential targeted site of action for DR drug delivery, and also to understand the role of Blood Retinal Barrier (BRB).

Expert Opinion: In the current scenario, although there have been some advances in the drug delivery devices for delivering drugs/proteins, there are still challenges to be overcome with regard to the particulate systems. For long-term success of DR therapeutics, research options should consider taking into account the 3Ds (drug, delivery and devices).     

玻璃体腔注射lucentis治疗白内障术后顽固性黄斑水肿的疗效

目的 通过玻璃体腔单次注射抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物lucentis观察治疗顽固性黄斑水肿的临床疗效和安全性.方法 收集2014年7月至2015年7月在我科白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后发生顽固性黄斑水肿患者9例(10眼),病史均大于3个月.荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluoresceinangiography,FFA)及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查确诊并排除黄斑相关疾病引起的黄斑水肿.患眼玻璃体腔单次注射lucentis 0.5 mg (0.05 mL),治疗后随访12周,对比观察治疗前后患眼视力、眼压、OCT及FFA改变.结果 9例患者10只眼治疗后1周视力明显提高,4、12周后视力稳定;与治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).OCT检查黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central foveal thickness,CFT),从治疗前(480±121) μm,下降至治疗后1周(293±58) μm,4、12周厚度分别保持在(231 ±23)、(235±35) μm,治疗前后比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),所有患者均未出现眼内或全身不良反应.结论 玻璃体腔注射lucentis治疗白内障术后顽固性黄斑水肿能明显改善患者视功能,减轻黄斑水肿,无副作用.     

急性进展性后部型早产儿视网膜病变的治疗研究进展

急性进展性后部型早产儿视网膜病变(aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity,AP-ROP)是一种少见且进展很快的严重性早产儿视网膜病变,可不遵循1~3期的经典病程,而迅速进展为5期病变,最终导致不可逆的视力丧失。目前常用的治疗方式有激光光凝、玻璃体腔内注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、玻璃体切除术。本文将从以上三个方面入手,对AP-ROP的治疗方式进行综述。     

抗VEGF治疗在眼科的临床意义及研究进展

目前许多抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物被用于治疗各种眼科疾病,尤其在血管增生性眼病的治疗中扮演着重要角色,这些药物能够明显抑制新生血管且减轻水肿提高患者视力,但其长期治疗效果需要更长远的随访和研究。本文就抗VEGF在眼科的应用及研究进展进行综述,为临床应用和深入研究提供参考。     

玻璃体切割联合视网膜睫状体光凝术与内窥镜睫状体光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼疗效对比

目的　对比抗VEGF治疗联合微创玻璃体切割、视网膜睫状体光凝术与内窥镜睫状体光凝术(ECP)治疗新生血管性青光眼（neovascular glaucoma,NVG）的疗效。方法　回顾性分析NVG患者49例49眼,分为玻璃体切割联合视网膜睫状体光凝术组（A组）25例25眼和ECP组（B组）24例24眼。观察两组患者术后眼压、视力、虹膜新生血管、术中及术后并发症。结果　两组术后眼压下降,与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（均为P=0.00）。术后2 d、7 d及1个月两组眼压差异均有统计学意义（P=0.00、0.04、0.00）,术后3个月、6个月两组眼压相比差异均无统计学意义（P=0.68、0.59）。末次随访两组视力差异无统计学意义（P=0.64）,较其术前差异均有统计学意义（P=0.04、0.03)。两组患者术后6个月虹膜新生血管消退情况差异有统计学意义（P=0.00）。A组患者术后并发症主要有前房反应性渗出、前房积血,B组患者术中并发症为前房出血,早期并发症有短期内高眼压、角膜水肿、前房反应性渗出、前房积血。结论　玻璃体切割联合视网膜睫状体光凝术与ECP均能降低NVG患者眼压。玻璃体切割联合视网膜睫状体光凝术后早期降低眼压更有效,并发症少。     

抗血管内皮生长因子抗体对肝癌的放射增敏作用

目的: 观察抗血管内皮生长因子抗体(VEGF mAb)与不同剂量放射联合对肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用. 方法: 将SMMC-7721肝癌细胞种植于裸鼠皮下,成瘤动物分为单纯放射20 Gy组、放射20 Gy 抗体组、放射30 Gy 抗体组和对照组,腹腔给予抗VEGF mAb 50 μg/只,隔日1次,共6次,放射剂量一次性给予.测量肿瘤直径并计算瘤体积,抗体给药结束后2 wk处死动物,免疫组化法测肿瘤微血管密度(MVD). 结果: 放射能抑制肿瘤生长,减少肿瘤MVD,放射与抗体结合对肿瘤生长的抑制作用更显著,且放射30 Gy 抗体比放射20 Gy 抗体效果更好.单纯放射20 Gy组、放射20 Gy 抗体组和放射30 Gy 抗体组的瘤质量抑制率分别为75.3%,83.9%和94.7%,差异有统计学意义. 结论: 抗VEGF mAb对放射治疗肝癌移植瘤有增敏作用,是肝癌综合治疗的有效途径之一.     

Anti-angiogenic effects and regression of localized murine AML produced by anti-VEGF and anti-Flk-1 antibodies

Reducing the blood supply of tumors is one modality to combat cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate such an approach in the treatment of localized murine AML (acute myelogenous leukemia). For this purpose we designed an experimental model in which leukemic cells were embedded in 1% agar discs before subcutaneous implantation in C57Bl female mice. The C-1498 AML cell line (Frederick Inst., NCI, MD, USA) was used. Thirty experimental mice received on alternate days injections of 5 x 2.5 microg anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and 5 x 2.5 microg anti-Flk-1 (VEGFR2) antibodies to the site of cell implantation over a period of 10 d. Fifteen control mice received daily PBS injections. All mice were sacrificed 16 d after AML implantation. Of the 30 experimental animals, macroscopic examination showed in 21 animals (70%) small sized, pale tumors (0.5 g); in six mice (20%) the tumors were replaced completely by necrotic tissue, while in three mice (10%), there were large (2.5 g), highly vascularized tumors. In all 15 control mice large highly vascularized tumors were seen. A separate group of mice was studied for total survival following AML implantation. While 12 mice in the control group not treated with antibodies survived for 16 d post-implantation, survival was prolonged in 15 antibody treated mice by approximate 30 d to a total survival time of 48 d. Tumor specimens were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD31 endothelial cell antigen, and tube-like formation assay. The small, pale tumors of antibody treated animals consisted of degenerate hyaline material with remnant nests of leukemic cells, whereas large tumors showed sheets of leukemic cells and numerous blood vessels. Specimens processed for CD31 antigen showed scarce or absence of blood vessels in the small, pale tumors in contrast to intensive staining from a rich network of blood vessels in the large, highly vascularized tumors. Tube-like formation assays disclosed rudimentary Grade 1 endothelial cell tubes in the small, pale tumors as opposed to polygonal Grade 4 tube formation in control animals. In conclusion, this murine model of localized AML allows assessment of anti-angiogenic tumor regression. Anti-angiogenic antibodies against VEGF and Flk-1 have therapeutic effects in murine AML.