Cat-301 immunoreactivity in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex of the strabismic amblyopic cat

Purpose: It was investigated whether alterations in neuronal structure and function occasioned by strabismic amblyopia also may be reflected in alterations in the expression on Y type neurons of a Cat-301 antibody sensitive antigen in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and cortex of our cat model of strabismic amblyopia. Methods/Results: The percentage of positively labelled cells was reduced in LGN laminae that received input from the deviated eye in strabismic amblyopic cats compared with normal cats. In the strabismic cortex, the density of immunopositive neurons was significantly reduced compared with normal, the effect being most pronounced in layer IV Conclusions: Despite previous physiological recordings indicating a decrease in X-cell associated acuity in strabismic amblyopia, the present findings imply that the changes in the early visual experience occasioned by strabismus also produce specific molecular changes in theY neuronal class.     

4125例哈萨克族儿童斜视及弱视调查

本文对本地区五个县九所哈萨克族小学学生共计4125人进行了斜视、弱视的调查。调查对象全部为4—14岁哈萨克儿童。在受检儿童中发现斜视者48例,患病率为1.1％。外斜视32例占66.67％,内斜视16例占33.33％,斜视并有弱视者15例占31.25％。斜视而视力正常者33例占68.75％。在4125例受检儿童中发现弱视139例(209只眼),其患病率为3.37％,双眼弱视70例,单眼弱视69例,二者无显著差异。139例弱视中男性患者73例,女性患者66例,二者亦无差异。209例只弱视眼中轻度弱视84只眼占40.19％,中度弱视104只眼占49.76％,重度弱视21只眼共占10.05％。调查中笔者发现哈萨克族儿童弱视眼尤以屈光不正为多,209例眼中有106只为单纯性远视眼,因此笔者提出如何早期发现屈光不正并予以纠正将有可能防止许多弱视的发生。     

学龄前儿童的屈光异常与弱视调查

目的了解屈光检查在学龄前儿童弱视普查中的临床用途。方法应用日本尼康手提全自动检影仪对学龄前儿童进行小瞳孔验光,发现屈光有异常的儿童,再进一步进行散瞳检影验光。结果学龄前儿童屈光异常主要以远视散光和混合散光为主,近视与近视散光较少。学龄前儿童屈光异常的发病率是7.87%,弱视发病率为4.04%,接近全国其他同类报告(3.83%)。结论儿童弱视屈光普查优于视力普查,准确性高、效率高。     

左旋多巴对弱视眼视诱发电位影响的研究

目的:探讨左旋多巴治疗弱视的效果。方法:正常眼和弱视眼服用单次剂量左旋多巴前后进行图形视诱发电位(pattem visual evoked poten-tial,PVEP)检测。结果:正常眼服药后中空间频率PVEP的N_1P_1振幅和高空间频率PVEP的P_1N_2振幅增大,弱视眼服药后低空间频率PVEP的N_1波潜伏期和中空间频率PVEP的P_1波潜伏期缩短。结论:左旋多巴可改善弱视眼的视功能,可作为弱视的一种新的治疗方法。眼科学报1997;13:182—185。     

增视明目丸对儿童弱视疗效观察

目的：观察增视明目丸对儿童弱视的疗效，方法：用增视明目丸治疗儿童弱视１１０例（１８５只眼）对不同程度，不同类型，不同注视性质，不同年龄弱视眼的疗效进行比较，并对基本治愈眼中的１１５只眼进行了随访观察，结果：基本治愈１５０只眼（８１．１％）其中１１５只眼经３年随访，９８只眼视力保持正常，占８２．５％，总有效率为９７．３％，治疗效果与弱视程度，类型注视性质及患者年龄显著相关，结论：增视明目丸是治疗儿童     

综合疗法治疗单眼重度弱视

目的：探讨综合疗法治疗单眼重度弱视的近期疗效。方法：对３３例单眼重度弱视患儿采用配镜、遮盖主视眼、精细作业、多色光交替闪烁仪、穴位按摩、药物、后像镜及屈光性压抑等综合治疗方案。结果：３３例中治愈者５例（１５．１５％），有效率１８例（５４．５５％）。疗效出现时间平均２５天；治愈时间９．５月。结论：综合治疗是治疗单眼重度弱视的有效方法。     

Comparison of computer-photoscreening with non-cycloplegic retinoscopy for amblyopiogenic risk factors in children

Objective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of using a computer-photoscreene r and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy in the detection of amblyopiogenic factors in nine to fifty months old infants and children.
Methods Three hundred children, nine to fifty months old, were screened with the compute r-photoscreener and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy.With a blinded standardized clinical assessment as the standard, an overall comparison of the sensitivity of and specificity results obtained with the two techniques was made.Photoscree n images on the computer monitor screen were reviewed and analyzed immediately by two independent observers for indicators of amblyopiogenic risk factors.Simu ltaneously, the results were compared to the findings of a full ophthalmologic examination.
Results The computer-photoscreener revealed a sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 90.1%, and the non-cycloplegic retinocopy revealed a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 81.0% for the detection of amblyopiogenic risk factors, includi ng hyperopia (+2.75 D or more), myopia (-1.50 D or more), astigmatism (1. 75 D or more), anisometropia (2.00 D or more), ocular misalignment (5 degrees o r more), and media opacity (1.5 mm or more).
Conclusions The computer-photoscreener offers an opportunity to identify problems that limi t vision, and could provide a feasible and sufficiently reliable screening techn ique in infants and preschool children to be screened successfully for amblyopio genic risk factors.      

综合治疗发育性弱视243例

目的:探讨各种类型发育性弱视治疗的疗效。方法:对243例发育性弱视患者进行包括验光配镜、遮盖治疗、红光闪烁治疗、后像疗法、精细目力训练等的综合治疗。结果:基本治愈率为56.4%,有效率为92.4%,其中轻度弱视的治愈率为81.6%,中度为41.1%,重度为24.3%;屈光不正性弱视的治愈率为62.9%,斜视性弱视为49.0%,屈光参差性弱视为43.1%,形觉剥夺性弱视为18.8%;中心注视的治愈率为65.3%,旁中心注视为20.7%;年龄≤6岁的治愈率为82.7%,年龄在7~9岁间的为49.4%,年龄≥10岁的为19.6%。结论:弱视的治疗效果与弱视程度、类型、注视性质、初诊年龄等密切相关,早期发现,早期治疗效果好。综合疗法的疗效优于单一治疗方法。     

左旋多巴对弱视猫视皮质区神经细胞的影响

目的观察左旋多巴对剥夺性弱视猫视皮质神经细胞形态和超微结构的影响.方法正常组猫2只,弱视组猫、弱视服药组猫各4只.剥夺性弱视猫模型制作为14周.弱视服药组猫服息宁(左旋多巴/卡比多巴)40mg/kg,每日3次,连服8周.将3组猫处死后,切取双侧视皮质17区组织,在光镜和透射电镜下进行观察.结果光镜下弱视组猫视皮质与正常组猫相比较,均显示神经元体积变小,胞浆突起消失或变短;而弱视服药组猫视皮质神经元与弱视组比较,3/4送检标本的神经细胞形态与正常组的形态基本相同,另1/4标本有轻度改善.电镜下弱视组猫视皮质神经细胞全部显示早期类凋亡的改变,特点为核染色质呈碎粉末状,细胞核变形,胞浆减少,粗面内质网池呈囊性扩张,有髓神经髓鞘板层囊状分离等;弱视服药组猫视皮质中有2/3标本未显示有早期类凋亡,神经细胞的形态接近正常,余1/3标本显示轻度早期类凋亡.结论通过观察服用息宁前后弱视猫视皮质神经细胞的形态学变化,显示左旋多巴具有激活和重塑神经细胞的作用.     

影响农村儿童弱视治疗的因素

目的探讨影响农村儿童弱视治疗的因素，为临床防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析1997年2月-2004年12月该院门诊采用综合法治疗的121例（175眼）农村弱视患儿的临床资料。结果斜视性弱视治愈率最高，屈光参差性弱视治愈率最低（P〈0．05）。弱视程度愈轻，治愈率愈高（P〈0．01），家长及患儿的依从性愈好，疗效愈好。结论影响儿童弱视疗效的因素主要是弱视类型、弱视程度以及家长与患儿的依从性，采取针对性措施对于改善疗效有重要意义。