Evaluierung des Applanationstonometers ProTon bei Kaninchen

Purpose. To assess use of the tonometer ProTon for measuring intraocular pressure in rabbits. Materials and methods. Eleven chinchilla-bastard rabbits were measured under standardized conditions with the applanation tonometer ProTon for 62±15 days. One rabbit was excluded because of intensively defensive reactions. Results. Intraocular pressure in the ten rabbits was 12.15±3.63 mmHg in the right eye and 12.11±3.52 mmHg in the left eye. Conclusion. Intraocular pressure can be measured reliably over a long period with the applanation tonometer ProTon. It is therefore suitable for determining intraocular pressure in experimentally induced glaucoma in rabbits.     

三种眼压计在准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后的应用比较

目的评价三种不同眼压计在近视准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后的应用。方法对近视33例66眼和LASIK术后43例86眼分别用非接触眼压计(non—contact tonometer NCT)，Goldmann压平眼压计(Godmann applanalion tonometer，GAT)和Tono-Pen压平眼压计测量眼压(Tono—Pen眼压计测量角膜中央和颞下距角膜缘1．5～2mm处的眼压)，同时测角膜中央及颞下方的厚度。结果用三种方法测得的近视眼LASIK术后的眼压测量值均明显低于正常近视眼。两组均为Tono—Pen和NCT、与GAT测量值呈正相关，LASIK术后中央Tbno—Pen眼压测量值与术前GAT呈正相关。眼压与角膜厚度的关系：近视眼组，NCT与角膜中央厚度呈正相关；GAT和Tono—Pen与角膜厚度无相关性。LASIK术后组，GAT和NCT与角膜厚度呈正相关；Tono-Pen与角膜中央厚度无相关性。结论LASIK术后眼压测量值下降。Tono—Pen测量IOP不受角膜厚度的影响，可应用于LASIK术后等角膜表面不平者。     

Comparison of commonly used clinical indicators of hypovolaemia with gastrointestinal tonometry

Objective: The gastrointestinal tonometer, which allows measurement of gastrointestinal mucosal CO₂ and subsequent derivation of gut intramucosal pH (pHi), has been demonstrated to be a sensitive predictor of outcome following major surgery. Current theory suggests that the origin of the low pH may be hypovolaemia. This study was designed to compare the temporal sequence of changes in tonometric readings with invasive blood pressure, stroke volume, heart rate, lactate and arterial blood gas measurements during progressive haemorrhage. Design: Observational healthy volunteer study. Setting: Intensive care unit at University College London Hospitals. Subjects: Six healthy, medically qualified volunteers. Interventions: After obtaining baseline measurements, the subjects were progressively bled 25 % (range = 21–31 %) of their blood volume over a period of 1 h in two approximately equal aliquots. Equilibration was allowed for 30 min following the bleed, after which further measurements were made and the blood was then retransfused over 30 min. Measurements and main results: There was no consistent change in any of the haemodynamic variables other than gastric intramucosal CO₂ : arterial CO₂ gap (PiCO₂− PaCO₂) after removal of the first aliquot of blood, although five of the six subjects also demonstrated a fall in pHi. After removal of the second aliquot of blood, PiCO₂− PaCO₂ gap and pHi continued to indicate a worsening gastric intramucosal acidosis; stroke volume, as measured by suprasternal Doppler, demonstrated a marked fall, while all other variables measured had not altered consistently or to such a degree as to elicit a clinical response or cause suspicion of a hypovolaemic state. On retransfusion, all variables returned towards baseline. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the value of tonometry as an early monitor of hypovolaemia and highlights the shortcomings of other more commonly measured clinical variables. Received: 18 January 1996 Accepted: 4 December 1996     

正常人中央角膜厚度对不同眼压计测量值的影响

目的 探讨正常人中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)对Icare 回弹式眼压计(Icare rebound tonometer,Icare)、Goldmann压平眼压计(Goldmann Applanation Tonometer,GAT)和PASCAL动态轮廓眼压计(Dynami...     

The Association of Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Measures by Non-Contact Tonometry and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry among Glaucoma Patients

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) is associated with intraocular pressure measurement (IOP) with a Non-contact tonometer and the Goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients.Materials and MethodsThe study involved two hundred and thirty-two eyes of clinically diagnosed glaucoma patients receiving care at a referral facility. IOP measurements were obtained using both the Non-Contact Tonometer (NCT) and Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT). The association between age, ethnicity, and CCT, as well as CCT on the measures of NCT and GAT, were analyzed.ResultsThere were 64(55.2%) males and 52 (44.8%) females and their ages ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean age = 47.72; SD ± 15.75 years). There was a weak positive correlation between the CCT and NCT findings in the right eye (r = 0.19, n = 116, p < 0.05) and in the left eye (r = 0.25, n = 116, p < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between CCT and GAT measurements. Age had a significant correlation with CCT while gender and ethnicity had no significant correlation.ConclusionThe study found a significant association between CCT and NCT. However, there was no significant association between CCT and GAT. CCT had an association with age but independent of gender and ethnicity since there was no significant relationship between these variables.     

基于眼球角膜压平面直径线性检测原理的智能化眼压计的研制

着重介绍基于眼球角膜压平面直径自动检测原理的智能化眼压计的设计原理，包括光学及结构设计，二次仪表的软件及硬件设计原理，眼压计算方法，以及眼压计的定标结果。     

兔眼准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术术前术后眼压因素分析对比

目的比较动态轮廓眼压计（DCT），非接触眼压计（NCT）在家兔LASIK手术前后的应用价值。方法健康新西兰大耳白兔120只，于手术前和术后1个月用Pentacam系统测量中央角膜厚度和角膜曲率后，分别用DCT、NCT，并用Pentacam系统的Ehlers、Shah、Dresden、Orssengo／Pye和Kohlhaas5种眼压校正方法对眼压值进行校正，将测量结果进行统计学分析。结果DCT测量值在手术前后均最高，DCT值和Ehlers法校正值术前术后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；其他方法，眼压校正值术前术后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），术后低于术前。术前术后各组眼压值之间呈正相关性。结论DCT测量眼压结果不受角膜厚度、角膜曲率及眼轴长度的影响，可作为LASIK术后眼压测量的首选方法，NCT校正法对LASIK术后准确测量眼压的有力补充，可适应于角膜屈光手术后患者眼压的测量和评估。     

不同眼压计对可疑青光眼患者眼压测量的研究

目的比较Goldmann压平眼压计（GAT）、Schiotz眼压计和非接触眼压计（NCT）对青光眼排查患者测得的眼压值,探讨眼压计类型对患者眼压值的影响。方法对43例可疑青光眼排查患者（67只眼,34～58岁）．进行24小时眼压曲线测量。先在卧位下使用压陷眼压计进行测量,然后在坐位下分别使用压平和非接触眼压计进行测量。采用方差分析比较不同测量方法所获得的眼压值。结果Schiotz眼压计、GAT及NCT测得的眼压平均值分别为（24．58±9．76）、（22．13±8．25）、（18．51±7．48）mmHg（1mmHg=0．153kPa）。所测得的眼压值,GAT较NCT高1．7～3．1mmHg,Schiotz眼压计较NCT高3．0～6．4mmHg。三种测量方法测得的峰值眼压超过21mmHg的患者分别为36,27,19例,使用非接触眼压计可能漏诊青光眼的患者。结论使用GAT、Schiotz眼压计和NCT所得出的眼压曲线有所不同,使用NCT对靶眼压附近的眼压难以作出准确的判断。     

LASIK前后眼压测量方法选择

目的 比较四种常用眼压计在近视准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(Laserin situ eratomileusis,LASIK)前后的应用,探讨LASIK手术前后眼压测量方式的选择,以做到术前高眼压患者筛查及术后患者青光眼的早期发现.方法 对71例接受LASIK手术近视眼患者按等效球镜分为三组,分别在术前和术后1个月和3个月采用Schiotz眼压计(Schiotztonometer,ST)、Goldmann眼压计(Goldmann applanationtonometry,GAT)、非接触眼压计(non-contacttonometer,NCT)和Tono-Pen眼压计(TP)测量眼压,同时记录手术前后角膜中央厚度.结果 各屈光度组间同时间点相同眼压计测量值差异无统计学意义,术前除GAT、TP外其他眼压计差异有统计学意义,术后各眼压计测量值均降低,TP受角膜变化影响较小,GAT及NCT受影响明显,三者均与术前GAT值相关.ST不受角膜变化影响但其测量值明显偏高且术后与术前GAT无相关关系.结论 术前采用TP或GAT均可,术后应用TP,而NCT可作为术前筛查辅助手段.ST的应用仍有待探讨.