Endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to septic arthritis caused by group A Streptococcus infection: A case report and literature review

Streptococcus pyogenes is a rare pathogen that causes endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). A healthy 58-year-old woman was diagnosed with EE secondary to septic arthritis caused by S. pyogenes. She underwent enucleation after hospitalization for 14 days with appropriate antibiotic cover. A literature search for outcomes of this condition revealed reports on only 10 eyes among 8 cases identified: 8 eyes (80%) developed poor visual outcome and 5 eyes (50%) underwent enucleation. There were no cases with immunocompromise. Our case report and literature review suggest the importance of awareness of the occurrence of S. pyogenes infection in immunocompetent hosts, and thus early diagnosis and aggressive treatment may be required to improve visual outcome.     

Congenital endophthalmitis following maternal shellfish ingestion

Purpose: To highlight an unusual organism causing a unilateral endophthalmitis by transplacental spread.
Method: We report a case of Plesiomonas shigelloides endophthalmitis, presenting in a newborn, with co-existing septicaemia and meningitis. There was a significant maternal history of diarrhoea associated with the ingestion of oysters 2 weeks prior to delivery.
Result: The endophthalmitis was treated with parenteral antibiotics and topical mydriatics with complete resolution, although subsequent assessment of the affected eye suggests a poor visual outcome.
Conclusion: Endophthalmitis in the newborn is an unusual clinical finding and usually presents with other manifestations of bacteraemia. Plesiomonas shigelloides is fortunately an infrequent cause of neonatal infection, but is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. We postulate that this neonate acquired P. shigelloides via the transplacental route, and suggest that this organism be included in the list of 'other' causes of transplacental infection that has been abbreviated to 'O' in the acronym TORCH.     

Bilateral Hematogenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa Endophthalmitis After Lung Transplantation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly colonizes the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the occurrence of bacteremia with metastatic infection to the eye causing endogenous endophthalmitis is very rare. In the setting of lung transplantation, the significance of P. aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with CF whose airways are colonized before transplantation is unknown. We report a case of bilateral P. aeruginosa endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with CF after lung transplant without documented bacteremia. The patient presented with acute eye symptoms in the presence of a left atrial thrombus and the disease followed a rapidly progressive course requiring aggressive medical-surgical treatment. Typically P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis has been associated with a poor visual prognosis. However, with combined medical-surgical management this patient retained useful vision in one eye without having retinal detachment or requiring enucleation. Endogenous endophthalmitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular complaints in patients with CF after lung transplant.     

Intravitreal penetration of oral pefloxacin in humans

We measured vitreous and serum levels of pefloxacin after oral administration. Twenty patients with retinal detachments undergoing vitrectomy were recruited into this study. Each patient received 400 mg pefloxacin orally 1 to 12 hours before vitrectomy. Vitreous fluid (0.1 mL) was aspirated at surgery. Vitreous levels of pefloxacin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Six hours after oral administration, an average level of 1.37 g/mL of pefloxacin was measured in the vitreous samples. These levels were well above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for most organisms termed sensitive to pefloxacin. Oral administration of pefloxacin may play an important role in the prevention or management of endophthalmitis.Supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service grants EY07541 and EY02377 from the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.     

细菌性眼内炎106例临床观察及护理

目的 探讨眼内炎病人治疗过程中生活护理的重要意义。方法认真作好手术前的解释工作。106例眼内炎病人分为传统治疗组和传统治疗加眼内注射抗生素或／和玻璃体切除组。结果治愈率84％。获得有用视力40例,占37．7％;但仍有28例出现眼球萎缩,占27．7％;需要行眼内容切除或眼球除术8例,占16％。结论在治疗过程中要解除病人思想压力,出院后进行生活指导,避免一些意外情况发生,恢复病人生活信心有重要意义。     

硅油填充治疗外伤感染性眼内炎伴视网膜脱离

目的 探讨硅油填充治疗外伤性感染性眼内炎伴视网膜脱离的效果和影响因素。方法 回顾性分析1995年1月至2002年12月，我院眼科行硅油填充治疗外伤性感染性眼内炎伴视网膜脱离的16例16眼临床资料。结果 感染性眼内炎均得到控制。视网膜完全复位11眼(68．8％)，限局性视网膜脱离3眼(18．8％)，完全脱离2眼(12．5％)。术后视力光感-0．04者11眼，≥0．05者5眼。结论 应用硅油填充术能够有效地治疗外伤性感染性眼内炎伴视网膜脱离，术后并发症主要是视网膜脱离复发和增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)。     

外伤性眼内炎手术治疗

目的　探讨外伤性眼内炎玻璃体切除手术治疗效果 ,并分析相关因素。方法　因外伤性眼内炎接受玻璃体切除手术治疗 2 1例 ( 2 1眼 ) ,其中硅油填充 18眼 ,C3 F8填充 2眼 ,无填充物 1眼。术前视力光感至 0 1。眼压平均为 7mmHg( 5～ 2 5mmHg) ( 1mmHg =0 13 3kPa)。平均随访 18月 ( 3～ 43月 )。结果　术后视力无光感至 0 8,视力提高 15眼 ( 71 43 % ) ,不变 4眼( 19 95 % ) ,视力下降 2眼 ( 9 42 % )。眼压平均为 18mmHg( 10～ 2 2mmHg) ,显著高于术前眼压 (P <0 0 5 )。并发症主要包括前房炎性渗出 ( 19眼 ) ,术后短暂高眼压 ( 4眼 ) ,视网膜脱离 ( 3眼 ) ,眼球萎缩 ( 2眼 )。结论　玻璃体切除手术是治疗外伤性眼内炎的安全有效的方法。     

白内障术前应用不同浓度聚维酮碘的疗效观察

目的：比较白内障术前应用不同浓度聚维酮碘(PI)在结膜囊作用不同时间,观察PI的消毒效果,以及对结膜囊菌群、眼表的影响,筛选PI的最佳浓度和作用时间。

方法：本研究为前瞻性研究,选择2015-06/2017-06于我院行白内障手术患者270例270眼,根据用药浓度(5、1、0.5g/L)随机分为三组,每组90眼。根据不同作用时间(30s,1、2min)进一步随机分配各个亚组,每亚组各30眼。患者按分组情况进行术前PI结膜囊冲洗,并于冲洗前后进行结膜囊细菌样本采集,比较PI冲洗前后结膜囊细菌菌群变化和细菌培养阳性情况。同时比较术前3d与术后1、3d,1wk,1、3mo的泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)变化,观察PI冲洗结膜囊对眼表的影响。

结果：(1)结膜囊菌群变化：PI冲洗前结膜囊细菌培养共12种,其中革兰氏阳性菌9种,革兰氏阴性菌3种; PI冲洗后结膜囊细菌培养共4种,其中革兰氏阳性菌2种,革兰氏阴性菌2种。(2)结膜囊细菌培养阳性情况的比较：PI冲洗前结膜囊细菌培养阳性15眼,冲洗后细菌培养阳性5眼,PI冲洗前后细菌培养阳性眼数减少(P<0.05)。(3)安全性：所有患者术后末次随访,术眼均未发生眼内炎,除0.5g/L、30s组及5g/L、2min组外的所有组别,BUT均在术后3mo恢复术前水平。0.5g/L、30s组BUT术后1mo就恢复到术前水平,5g/L、2min组BUT至术后3mo仍未恢复至术前; 所有组别CFS均在术后1mo恢复至术前水平。

结论：0.5g/L PI结膜囊冲洗30s能有效减少结膜囊细菌,较其他作用时间和浓度组对眼表的损伤更小,用于白内障术前结膜囊消毒是安全有效的。     

年龄相关性白内障术后发生感染性眼内炎的病原学特点及相关因素

目的：探究年龄相关性白内障手术后发生感染性眼内炎的病原学特点及相关因素与预防。

方法：回顾性分析本院2016-01/2018-01收治的1 365例年龄相关性白内障患者,统计患者感染性眼内炎发生情况,并分析感染性眼内炎病原学特点及相关危险因素。

结果：患者28例发生感染性眼内炎,共检出病原菌36株,其中表皮葡萄球菌9株(25.00%),铜绿假单胞菌9株(25.00%),芽孢杆菌8株(22.22%)。铜绿假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌对头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林具有较强的耐药性; 对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、美罗培南的敏感性较高; 表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素有较强的耐药性,对万古霉素、呋喃妥因、米诺环素的敏感性较高。Logistic多因素回归分析,年龄(≥70岁)、糖尿病、手术时间(≥15min)、术中玻璃体溢出是年龄相关性白内障术后发生感染性眼内炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：年龄相关性白内障手术后感染性眼内炎病原菌以表皮葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌多见。年龄(≥70岁)、糖尿病、手术时间(≥15min)、术中玻璃体溢出为年龄相关性白内障手术后发生感染性眼内炎的独立危险因素。     

Fe3+及血红蛋白铁对眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌生长能力的影响

目的 探讨Fe³⁺及血红蛋白铁对眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌生长能力的影响。方法 实验研究。收集2011年6月至2017年2月温州医科大学附属眼视光医院外伤性蜡样芽胞杆菌性眼内炎患者26例并分离出蜡样芽胞杆菌26株。根据患者治疗后有无光感将菌株分为有光感（LP）组和无光感（NLP）组,以蜡样芽胞杆菌模式菌株ATCC14579作为对照组,检测不同菌株在缺铁环境、不同Fe³⁺浓度环境、富含Hb环境中生长的光密度（OD）值。采用独立样本t检验对数据进行统计分析。结果 26株眼部来源的蜡样芽胞杆菌在缺铁环境中生长的OD值小于模式菌株ATCC14579（t=54.098,P<0.001）。在一定范围内（0~500 μmol/L）增加Fe³⁺浓度,菌株生长的OD值随之逐渐增加,当Fe³⁺浓度高于1 000 μmol/L时,细菌生长的OD值开始下降。在Fe³⁺或血红蛋白铁为主要铁资源的环境中,NLP组菌株生长的OD值均高于LP组（t=2.618,P=0.015;t=2.202,P=0.037）。结论 眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌的生长对Fe³⁺具有较强的依赖性;在Fe³⁺或血红蛋白铁为主的铁资源环境中生长较快的菌株感染患者,其临床预后较差。