晕可宁颗粒对急、慢性梅尼埃病模型的影响

目的　探讨晕可宁颗粒的主要药效学 ,为临床提供药效学资料及治疗学基础。方法　采用三氯甲烷破坏豚鼠一侧膜迷路感受器模型 ,探讨受试药对眼震颤、摆头及旋转的影响 ;采用内淋巴囊和内淋巴管阻塞手术复制豚鼠膜迷路实验性膜迷路积水模型 ,研究内耳组织平均中阶面积 (SMA)增加率及形态学的变化。结果　抑眩宁阳性对照组、晕可宁颗粒 (8、16g/kg)模型给药组豚鼠眼球震颤次数减少 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。成功复制了不同程度膜迷路积水豚鼠模型 ,表现为前庭膜重度膨出 ,前庭阶缩小 ,膜蜗管增大 ,SMA增加率变大 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;晕可宁颗粒灌胃后可减轻豚鼠实验性膜迷路积水的程度 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;但与空白对照组比较SMA增加率差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　晕可宁颗粒可以减轻内淋巴囊积水程度 ,对梅尼埃病症状有对抗治疗作用。     

In vivo and in vitro comparison of fire ant venom and fire ant whole body extract

Thirty-four patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant were evaluated in a study designed to compare the diagnostic usefulness of fire ant whole body extract (WBE) preparations with that of fire ant venom (IFAV). Ninety-one percent ($\text{31}\text{34}$) of the hypersensitive patients skin tested with IFAV at a maximal concentration of 1:5 × 10³, $\text{v}\text{v}$, demonstrated a wheat equal to or greater than the histamine control. Fifty-three percent ($\text{18}\text{34}$) of the group were skin test positive to a WBE preparation. When the criteria for a positive skin test were relaxed, 82% of the hypersensitive group could be identified with the IFAWBE. A comparison of skin test results in sensitive patients revealed variability in the sensitivity of the WBE preparations utilized in the study. Leukocyte histamine release demonstrated a dose-response release of histamine with both IFAV and SIWBEa preparations. Specific venom antisera produced in rabbits identified a precipitin line of common identity in a gel-diffusion system containing IFAWBE and IFAV. This finding was verified by the competitive inhibition of IFAWBE with IFAV in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay system. Fire ant WBEs contain venom constituents and are effective diagnostic agents in up to 82% of patients with hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant. Marked variability in the responsiveness of sensitive patients to different WBE preparations mandates standardization of these diagnostic preparations.     

基于变精度粗糙-模糊集模型的诊断知识获取

提出一种基于变精度粗糙-模糊集模型的诊断知识获取算法,利用相似性聚类方法自动获取模糊隶属函数,将连续属性表示成模糊值,通过定义模糊相似关系和模糊相似类给出了变精度粗糙-模糊模型的近似表示,并引入蚁群算法求取模糊相似关系下的属性约简,进行诊断知识的获取。将其应用于精对苯二甲酸生产过程尾氧浓度故障诊断知识获取中,结果表明:该算法可以从故障数据中提取更客观有效的诊断规则,在实际故障诊断中具有很好的应用价值。     

入侵红火蚁对我国生态环境的威胁及防制措施

入侵红火蚁入侵我国之后,可能会给我国生态环境带来极大的危害。其不断蔓延有可能成为我国农业生态和人民财产健康的威胁。本文主要介绍了红火蚁在全球生物入侵的基本情况,根据东西半球生物类型逐渐趋同的原理,借鉴美国等国家的经验,分析了红火蚁对生态环境的威胁,以及红火蚁的防制措施等相关国内外的研究。     

艾灸神阙穴对不同程度力竭运动大鼠海马区单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:探讨艾灸神阙穴对不同程度力竭运动大鼠海马区单胺类神经递质的影响。方法:将72只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组8只、模型组和艾灸组各32只,根据造模或治疗时间将模型组和艾灸组随机分为1、4、7、10次亚组,每亚组8只,采用游泳实验建立力竭模型。艾灸各亚组大鼠造模后即刻温和灸神阙穴15min,隔日1次,各亚组大鼠完成相应力竭运动后24 h检测海马组织5-HT、DA、NE的含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型各亚组5-HT含量均明显升高,模型1、4、7次亚组NE含量均明显升高,模型1次亚组DA含量明显升高,模型10次亚组却明显降低。与相应模型亚组比较,艾灸4次亚组NE含量明显升高,艾灸7、10次亚组5-HT含量显著降低,DA、NE含量明显升高。结论:艾灸神阙穴可以通过调节反复力竭运动大鼠海马区神经递质,促进神经细胞的功能恢复,改善机体疲劳状态,为今后临床应用提供一定的实验基础。     

喉返神经分段解剖在腔镜甲状腺切除中的应用

目的：探讨在经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术中,根据甲状腺切除方式的不同选择喉返神经分段解剖方法来降低喉返神经损伤的价值。方法在47例良性甲状腺疾病患者经乳晕入路腔镜手术中,根据甲状腺切除方式不同分段解剖喉返神经,观察患者术后发声、术中出血量、手术时间、术后手足口周麻木或手足抽搐、术后住院天数等指标。结果所有患者手术均获成功,手术平均时间105（85~195）min,平均出血量25（5~115）ml,平均住院时间4.5（3~7）d,术后均无声音低沉或嘶哑、无饮水呛咳、术后创面无大出血,术后第1天诉双手及口周轻微麻木1例,未经治疗第2天上述症状自行消失。随访3个月~1年均无不适。结论经乳晕腔镜甲状腺良性疾病切除术中,根据甲状腺切除方式不同选择喉返神经分段解剖的方法可降低喉返神经损伤的发生率。     

卡介菌多糖核酸治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘

目的：观察卡介菌多糖核酸注射液在小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘治疗应用的疗效。方法：将本科40例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿，随机分为治疗组和对照组（各20例）。治疗组给予BCG—PSN＋必可酮气雾剂，对照组：给予单用必可酮气雾剂吸入，连续吸入6周，观察疗效，并进行统计学处理。结果：治疗组总有效率为95％，对照组总有效率为70％，统计学处理总有效率有显著差异（P〈O．01）。结论：卡介菌多糖核酸（polysaccharide nucleic acidfraction of BCG，BCG—PSN）能有效地控制咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）的呼吸道的反复感染，提高免疫功能；与必可酮配合，能有效地控制CVA的复发。     

Identification of a new member of the PBAN family of neuropeptides from the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta

Neuropeptide hormones produced by neurosecretory cells in the central or peripheral nervous systems regulate various physiological and behavioral events during insect development and reproduction. PBAN/Pyrokinin is a major neuropeptide family, characterized by a 5‐amino‐acid C‐terminal sequence, FXPRLamide. This family of peptides has been implicated in regulating various physiological functions including, pheromone biosynthesis, muscle contraction, diapause induction or termination, melanization, and puparium formation in different insect species. In the present study, we report a new member of the PBAN family from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, Soi‐PBAN, composed of 26‐AA (GSGEDLSYGDAYEVDEDDHPLFVPRL). Three additional peptides were deduced from Soi‐PBAN cDNA: 15‐AA (TSQDIASGMWFGPRL), 8‐AA (QPQFTPRL) and 9‐AA (LPWIPSPRL), that correspond to diapause hormone (DH), β‐neuropeptide (NP), and γ‐NP, which are found in many lepidopteran moths. Five peptides, DH, α, β, γ NPs, and PBAN are encoded from PBAN genes of lepidopteran moths, but in the fire ant the α‐NP is missing. Each of the four synthetic peptides from the fire ant Soi‐PBAN cDNA showed significant pheromonotropic activity in a moth model, indicating that these peptides are cross‐reactive. Soi‐β‐NP induced the highest amount of pheromone production of the four peptides evaluated. The Soi‐DH homologue had the lowest pheromonotropic activity, but was still significantly greater than control values. When the deduced amino acid sequences (entire ORF domains) from Soi‐PBAN cDNA were compared with other known sequences, the fire ant was most similar to the honey bee, but phylogenetically distant from moth and beetle species. Soi‐PBAN (26‐AA) unlike the other three peptides shows a low degree of sequence identity with honeybee PBAN (33‐AA). Based on the amino acid sequences encoded from insect PBAN genes identified to date, neuropeptide diversity is correlated with the taxonomic or phylogenetic classification of Insecta. From the present study we report the first neuropeptide identified and characterized from the central nervous system of Formicidae.     

瑞芬太尼联合硝酸甘油控制性降压在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的比较瑞芬太尼和瑞芬太尼联合硝酸甘油在全麻下鼻内镜手术中控制性降压效果。方法鼻内镜下鼻息肉、鼻窦炎手术病人共40例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,用随机数字表分为瑞芬组和瑞硝组,每组20例,咪达唑仑、丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和维库溴铵静脉复合全麻气管插管,2组术中均以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)、丙泊酚2～5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)持续泵输,维库溴铵4 mg·h~(-1),静脉注射。瑞硝组加用硝酸甘油静脉滴注,开始剂量5μg·min~(-1),调节滴速使收缩压维持在12 kPa(90 mmHg)左右。观察降压前(T_0)、降压后5 min(T_1)、30 min(T_2)、60 min(T_3)和停止降压后5 min(T_4)的收缩压和心率,计算心肌氧耗指数,瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量,手术时间和病人苏醒时间。结果2组病人年龄、性别和体重间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T_1时2组血压明显下降,与T_0比较,均P<0.01,且瑞硝组降压程度明显大于瑞芬组(P<0.01),降压后的T_1,T_2瑞硝组心率加快,与瑞芬组相比有非常显著意义(P<0.01);降压期的氧耗指数,瑞硝组低于瑞芬组(P<0.05,P<0.01);停止降压后,瑞芬组血压和心率变化与T_3比,无统计学意义(P>0.05),但瑞硝组血压和心率均明显增加(P<0.01);瑞芬组的瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量和手术时间明显大于瑞硝组(P<0.01),2组病人的苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论鼻内镜手术瑞芬太尼在常用剂量范围内作控制性降压虽比较平稳,但难以达到目标血压,联合硝酸甘油后效果明显,并可减少麻醉药用量和手术时间,减少病人医疗费用。     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者直接PCI后造影剂相关肾病的临床研究

目的了解ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者应用低渗非离子造影剂直接PCI后造影剂肾病(CIN)的发病率及危险因素。方法2004年10月至2007年3月期间在北京友谊医院及首都医科大学大兴医院接受直接PCI的STEMI患者236例,所有患者均应用低渗非离子造影剂。测定介入治疗前和术后第1、2、3天肾功能,分析造影剂对冠状动脉介入术患者肾功能的影响,Logistic多因素回归分析影响CIN发生的危险因素。结果236例患者中,男性184例,女性52例,平均年龄(64.6±11.5)岁,发生CIN46例,发病率为19.5%;CIN组中原有肾功能不全者(基线Ccr<60ml/min)达6/46,心功能不全者达19/46,同非CIN组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。平均造影剂剂量CIN组为328±166ml,非CIN组为248±124ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Logistic逐步回归分析显示,原有肾功能不全(基线Ccr<60ml/min)、造影剂的剂量、LVEF<40%是CIN的独立危险因素。结论CIN在STEMI患者直接PCI后发病率较高,原有肾功能不全、造影剂的剂量、LVEF<40%是CIN的独立危险因素。