胎儿宫内发育迟缓的实验动物模型

综述了至今已建立的IUGR实验动物模型并对几种常见的实验模型进行了比较。     

小儿癫痫和智力低下的研究

我院小儿神经学组近年来对癫痫及智力低下进行了综合研究。在整体动物及神经细胞水平研究了神经肽(CCK,Som)与神经递质(GABA)之间的关系;初步探讨了铁诱发癫痫的化学机制;研究了抗癫痫药对发育中脑的影响;用双盲交叉法观察了新药“抗病灵”的疗效;利用24小时脑电图从临床电生理角度进一步探讨了癫痫的发病机制,解决了癫痫难以观察的问题。还在全国范围内进行了智力低下的流行病学调查,并分析其原因。     

Social Inequality in Birth Outcomes in Korea, 1995-2008

Social inequality in adverse birth outcomes has been demonstrated in several countries. The present study examined the separate and joint effects of parental education and work in order to investigate the causal pathways of social class effects on adverse birth outcomes in Korea. The occurrence of low birth weight, preterm births, and intrauterine growth retardation was examined among 7,766,065 births in Korea from 1995 to 2008. The effect of social inequality, as represented by parental education and work, was examined against adverse birth outcomes using multivariate logistic regression after controlling for other covariates. Parental education had the most significant and greatest effect on all three adverse outcomes, followed by parental work and employment, which had lesser effects. For adverse birth outcomes, the gap between educational levels increased steadily in Korea from 1995 to 2008. Throughout the analysis, the effect of maternal manual work on adverse birth outcomes was apparent in the study results. Given this evidence of social inequality in education and employment, social interventions should aim at more in-depth and distal determinants of health.     

Safety and efficacy of long-term low-dose clozapine aftercare treatment in a patient with learning difficulties who suffered from neuroleptic malignant syndrome

INTRODUCTION : Antipsychotic medication continues to be an essential component in the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is one of the most serious complications of neuroleptic treatment and the optimal therapeutic aftercare regimen for patients is unclear. Also, it is not clear if low-dose neuroleptic maintenance in such patients is safe and efficient enough over time. METHOD : We present a case of a 56-year-old woman suffering from schizoaffective disorder, who was successfully treated with a low dosage of clozapine for 6.5 years following a NMS episode. RESULT : To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of such a long-term beneficial use of low-dose clozapine in a patient who previously underwent such a serious complication. CONCLUSION : Large-scale studies are needed to substantiate this observation. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 2002; 6: 121-123)     

北京市大兴区0～6岁儿童智力低下的现患率调查

[目的]通过对北京市大兴区0～6岁儿童抽样调查,了解北京市农村地区儿童智力残疾的现患率及其分布特征。[方法]采用概率比例、二阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行现况调查,使用丹佛发育筛查测验（DDST）及Gesell发育诊断量表进行智力筛查和诊断。[结果]北京市大兴区0～6岁儿童丹佛发育筛选测验筛查出可疑、异常儿童3人;经Gesell发育诊断量表诊断,智力低下儿童2人（轻度1人,重度1人）;智力低下现患率为10.87‰。[结论]儿童智力低下的防治重点应在农村地区,需结合世界发达国家的经验,建立农村地区特有的智力低下监测、防治体系。     

Permanent disabilities in childhood survivors of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

This study evaluates the permanent disabilities in children treated for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). From January 1983 to December 1993, 50 patients with newly diagnosed biopsy proven LCH were seen at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India. Disease pattern, treatment, survival, and disabilities of the patients were studied. Patients with localized disease had surgery, irradiation, or steroids. Patients with disseminated disease had combination chemotherapy. Follow-up ranged from 36 to 156 months (median follow-up 85 months). Twelve of the 41 surviving patients (29.2%) had one or more disabilities. Growth retardation was seen in 8 patients, diabetes insipidus in 7, loss of teeth in 6, and mandibular defect, chronic aural discharge, partial hearing loss, facial palsy, and proptosis in 2 each. In short, a significant proportion of survivors of LCH had sequelae, which affected their quality of life. More intensive chemotherapy at the beginning might be helpful in reducing the disabilities.     

Fetal tissue amino acid concentrations in argininosuccinic aciduria and in "maternal homocystinuria".

Free amino acid concentrations have been measured in the tissues of a fetus at risk for argininosuccinic aciduria and of an obligate heterozygous fetus in a mother homozygous for homocystinuria. Argininosuccinic acid was detected in all tissues studied of the homozygous affected fetus from the heterozygous mother. Abnormal concentrations of methionine and cystathionine were observed in the tissues of the fetus who was an obligate heterozygote for homocystinuria. These abnormal free amino acid concentrations occur early in fetal development and may be related to later brain dysfunction.