Evaluating Effects of Preservative-Containing Saline Solution on Pain Perception During Botulinum Toxin Type-A Injections at Different Locations: A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial

Pain is a side effect of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injections. The efficiency of the preservative-containing saline solution used as the “dilution solution” for controlling the pain felt during multiple injections in different areas has been investigated by a prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. A total of 93 patients were divided into three groups for the study. All the patients were given BTX-A. Of these 93 patients, 60 received injections in the upper face, 15 in the neck, and 18 in the axillary regions. The visual analog scale (VAS), a single-dimension pain intensity rating scale, was used to evaluate pain perception. The average VAS values for pain sensation experienced by the groups were 1.2 of 10 points for the upper face area in the experimental group (n = 60) and 4.5 point for the control group. In the neck region (n = 15), the respective scores were 0.6 in the experimental group and 3.9 in the control group. Finally, in the axillary region (n = 18), the respective values were 0.9 and 5.1. The authors conclude that the preservative-containing saline solution significantly decreased pain perception during BTX-A injections (p = 0.000).     

Rapid quantification of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate as the preservative in cosmetic formulations using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid and reproducible method for identification and quantification of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) in different cosmetic formulations is presented. The determination was carried out using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure on a reversed phase column coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Detection was performed in the positive selected ion-monitoring mode. In methanol/water extracts from different cosmetic formulations a detection limit between 50 and 100 ng/g could be achieved. A routine analytical procedure could be set up with good quantification reliability (relative standard deviation between 0.9 and 2.9%).     

HPLC法测定不同厂家小儿止咳糖浆中防腐剂的含量

目的：针对小儿止咳糖浆中的苯甲酸等6种防腐剂建立了HPLC含量测定方法。方法：采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;以甲醇-0.02 mol·L-1醋酸铵溶液（pH 3.00）为流动相,梯度洗脱;柱温40 ℃;检测波长为苯甲酸232 nm,山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯255 nm。结果：上述6种防腐剂浓度依次在10.16~203.28、10.17~203.48、10.28~205.64、10.37~207.32、10.34~206.88、10.31~206.28 μg·mL-1范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r≥0.999 8）。该方法精密度、重复性、稳定性的RSD均＜2%（n=6）;6种防腐剂的平均加样回收率范围为98.30%~101.5%,RSD均＜1%（n=6）。结论：该方法操作简便,专属性强,准确度高,为小儿止咳糖浆中防腐剂的含量控制提供依据。     

Fixative properties of honey in comparison with formalin

Abstract

Fixation is an initial and important step in tissue processing for microscopical examination. The primary aim of fixation is to preserve the tissues in a life-like state, prevent bacterial putrefaction, prevent autolysis, and increase the refractive index of the tissue. The present study used a natural fixative instead of chemicals in order to prevent the deleterious effects of the chemical fixatives. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of honey as a fixative, which is a natural product. A double-blind pilot study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology with the consent of patients who were visiting the hospital for other dental problems. A total of 30 specimens were taken, fixed using formalin and honey for 24 hours and then subjected to routine processing. The tissues were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were subjected to evaluation. Student's t-test was performed and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 17 software. The numerical scores were graded from 1 to 4 and the mean standard deviation was calculated. The results showed statistically significant differences between honey and formalin samples for both nuclear details and cytoplasmic staining. Honey, as a tissue fixative, is easily available with no known toxicity and can be used as an alternative to formalin. However, studies should be done further to find methods to eliminate the disadvantages, such as homogenization, seen with the connective tissue. Furthermore, studies with large sample sizes are required to obtain more conclusive results.     

Effects of phenol on vascular smooth muscle in rabbit mesenteric resistance arteries

Although phenol has long been used clinically as a neurolytic agent or as a preservative for injections, little information is available regarding its direct vascular action. We therefore studied the effects of phenol (0.1 μM–2mM) on isolated rabbit small mesenteric arteries, using isometric tension recording methods. All experiments were performed on endothelium-denuded strips. Phenol (≥10 μM) generated transsient contractions in a concentration-dependent manner in both normal Krebs and Ca²⁺-free solutions with EC₅₀ values (concentrations that produced 50% of the maximal response) of 39.8 μM and 99.7 μM, respectively. Depletion of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores by A23187 or ryanodine completely elimited the phenol-induced contractions. When caffeine (10 mM) and noradrenaline (NA, 10μM) were consecutively applied in Ca²⁺-free solution with an interval of 7 min (sufficient to prevent caffeine-induced inhibition of Ca²⁺ sensitivity), caffeine eliminated the contractions induced by subsequent application of NA. In similar experiments where phenol (1 mM) and NA (10 μM) were consecutively applied in Ca²⁺-free solution, phenol significantly inhibited contractions induced by subsequent application of NA. Phenol (0.1 mM, ∼EC₆₅), applied in the presence of either 128 mM K⁺ or NA (10 μM), produced transient vasoconstrictions superimposed on both high K⁺-and NA-induced contractions, but had a lesser effect on maintenance of these contractions. The vascular responses to high K⁺, NA, and caffeine after washout of phenol were not significantly different from those before application of phenol (up to 2 mM). The results suggest that phenol stimulates Ca²⁺ release from intracellular Ca²⁺ stores, which are sensitive to both caffine and NA in this resistance artery. The effect does not appear to reflect a toxic effect on vascular smooth muscle. It seems unlikely that phenol causes adverse hemodynamic changes because of the observed direct vascular action. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Atlanta, Georgia October 21–25, 1995     

反相高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法测定乳饮料中9种食品添加剂

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定乳饮料中9种食品添加剂的分析方法。方法:样品经甲醇处理后采用Gemini C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)以乙腈-三氟乙酸-乙酸铵为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,紫外检测器测定,外标法定量。检测波长为210 nm,柱温30℃。结果:安赛蜜、糖精、咖啡因、阿斯巴甜、苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸和纽甜在5.0 mg/L～100.0 mg/L范围均具有良好的线性,甜菊糖苷在10.0 mg/L～200.0 mg/L范围具有良好的线性,9种待测物的回收率在93.2%～103.3%范围,RSD均小于6.0%,最低定量检出限在1.0 mg/kg～10 mg/kg范围。结论:该方法前处理简单,梯度洗脱分离效果和重现性好,具有快速、灵敏、简便、准确等优点,能满足实际工作的需要。     

Reconstrucción mamaria inmediata mediante implante prepectoral de poliuretano. Resultados preliminares del estudio prospectivo PreQ-20

IntroductionIn recent years, mastectomy and reconstruction techniques have evolved towards less aggressive procedures, improving the satisfaction and quality of life of women. For this reason, mastectomy has become a valid option for both women with breast cancer and high-risk women. The objective of this study is to analyze the safety of mastectomy and immediate prepectoral reconstruction with polyurethane implant in women with breast cancer and risk reduction.MethodObservational prospective study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of immediate reconstruction using prepectoral polyurethane implant. All women (with breast cancer or high risk for breast cancer) who underwent skin-sparing or skin-and-nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction with a prepectoral polyurethane implant were included. Women with breast sarcomas, disease progression during primary systemic therapy, delayed, autologous or retropectoral reconstruction, and those who did not wish to participate in the study were excluded. Surgical procedures were performed by both senior and junior surgeons. All patients received the corresponding complementary treatments. All adverse events that occurred during follow-up and the risk factors for developing them were analyzed.Results159 reconstructions were performed in 102 women, 80.4% due to breast carcinoma. Fourteen patients developed complications, the most frequent being seroma and wound dehiscence. Eight women required a reoperation (5.0%), seven of them due to implant exposure. Four reconstructions (2.5%) resulted in loss of the implant. Three patients progressed from their oncological process: a local relapse in the mastectomy flap, an axillary progression and a systemic progression.ConclusionsPrepectoral reconstruction with a polyurethane implant is a procedure with a low incidence of postoperative complications (8.8%) and implant loss (2.5%). Its use is safe with perioperative cancer treatments (neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy).     

长期使用青光眼药物对眼表的影响

目的 探讨长期使用青光眼药物对患者眼表的影响.方法 收集局部使用青光眼药物3个月以上的患者65例108只眼,分为单种药物使用组(A组)和多种药物使用组(B组);另收集正常对照组(c组)25例25只眼.对所有观察对象进行泪膜破裂时间测定(BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(ST)、角膜上皮荧光素染色、结膜上皮虎红染色以及结膜印迹细胞(IC)检查.结果 正常对照组BUT(12.25±5.40)s,ST(11.65±4.66)mm,A组BUT(6.97±4.87)8 9ST(7.19±5.36)mm,明显低于正常对照组(BUT P=0.000;STP=0.001). B组BUT(4.81±2.45)s,显著短于正常对照组(P=0.000)和A组(P=0.008);ST(5.20±2.97)mm,显著少于正常对照组(P=0.000)和A组(P=0.026).A组和B组的角膜荧光素染色评分和结膜虎红染色评分显著高于正常对照组.与正常对照组相比,A组和B组IC评分2-3级所占比例明显增高,结膜上皮表现出鳞状上皮化趋势.结论 长期使用青光眼药物会导致患者泪膜稳定性下降、泪液分泌减少,角膜上皮荧光素染色增多,结膜上皮杯状细胞减少、上皮细胞呈鳞状上皮化等泪膜、角膜和结膜的损伤.