骨肉瘤成骨细胞表型与临床因素的相关性研究

目的采集手术切除未经培养的骨肉瘤标本,研究肿瘤中成骨细胞的分化及其与临床因素的关系。方法观察骨肉瘤中成骨细胞相关基因表达的频率、特异性,以及骨肉瘤成骨细胞表型与生物学行为的关系。应用RT-PCR方法研究48例骨肉瘤标本的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(OC)和骨桥蛋白(ON)的mRNA转录。磷酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)被用于内参照。结果在大多数骨肉瘤标本中可以发现ALP或OC的mRNA转录(分别为93.75%,79.17%)。在所有的肉瘤检测中均可发现ON的mRNA转录。在骨肉瘤的成骨细胞亚型中可见到ALP和OC的高水平表达。肺转移瘤OC的mRNA表达弱于原发灶。肿瘤细胞有高水平OC表达的病例组有较高的生存率(P=0.045)。结论OC是目前最好的成骨细胞特异性标记物,将来可能用于检测骨肉瘤患者外周血中循环的肿瘤细胞。     

三维立体培养法诱导去分化软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的重新表达

目的用藻酸盐三维立体培养法及离心管聚集体诱导培养法促进去分化的永生化软骨细胞第50代(IHACs50)重新表达软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原标志性表型。方法利用藻酸盐三维立体培养法以及离心管聚集体诱导培养法分别诱导培养去分化的永生化人关节软骨细胞第50代,然后用Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型胶原的免疫组织化学染色、Ⅱ型胶原的逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测、激光共聚焦显微镜检测、胶原定量检测该永生化软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原表型表达情况。结果免疫组织化学染色、激光共聚焦显微镜检测、RT-PCR检测分别提示藻酸盐三维立体培养法和离心管聚集体诱导培养法使去分化永生化人关节软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性以及621 bp的Ⅱ型胶原mR- NA表达,Western blot和3H-脯氨酸标记SDS-PAGEⅡ型胶原定量检测发现前者促进Ⅱ型胶原分泌较后者多。结论去分化永生化人关节软骨细胞可以经不同的诱导方法而重新表达Ⅱ型胶原表型,藻酸盐三维立体培养法因与软骨细胞的生理环境相似,故促进Ⅱ型胶原重新表达较多。     

肺癌TIL的体外培养及其表型分析

应用APAAP法对15例肺癌TIL部分膜抗原的表达动态进行了免疫组化分析。结果显示:未经激活的TIL细胞,其膜抗原(CD~+3,CD~+4,CD~+8)的表达动态基本恒定,经IL-2激活的TIL细胞体外培养一段时期后,其CD~+3细胞数明显上升,同时CD~+8的表达逐渐减少,而CD~+4的表达在培养后期明显增多。     

热休克蛋白60对小鼠树突状细胞功能影响体外研究

目的：探讨动脉粥样硬化中重要炎性物质——热休克蛋白60（HSP60）体外对小鼠树突状细胞（mDC）功能影响.方法：小鼠骨髓提取DC,体外培养成熟后与两种浓度mHSP60孵育,动态观察DC突起改变;流式细胞仪检测孵育前后mDC表面标志改变;MLR测定孵育前后mDC刺激功能变化;ELISA法测定MLR上清液中细胞因子浓度.结果：孵育后,mDC突起增加明显;CD11c^＋、CD80及CD86表型显著增加;淋巴细胞刺激功能明显增强;分泌细胞因子IL-12、IFN-γ增加（P＜0.01）而IL-4增加不明显（P＞0.05）,IFN-γ/IL-4比值升高.结论：mHSP60体外可以促进mDC功能,作用呈剂量依赖性.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者树突状细胞表型的研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血来源树突状细胞（Dendritic cell，DC）数量及表型的改变，并对其与肝功能、乙肝病毒复制水平的关系进行研究。方法检测37例慢性乙肝患者和21例健康人肝功能及血清HBV DNA水平，并提取外周血单个核细胞（Peripheral blood mononuclear cell，PBMC）进行体外诱导培养，促使其发育成DC，计数其数量并检测膜表面分子的变化。分析DC数量及表型与肝功能、乙肝病毒复制水平的关系。结果与正常对照组比较，慢性乙肝患者的树突状细胞数量明显减少（P〈0．05），且其膜表面分子CD83、CD86的表达均明显降低（P〈0．05）。在慢性乙肝患者中，DC数量、DC膜表面分子CD83和CD86与血清HBV DNA之间呈负相关关系，而与肝功能之间无明显相关关系。结论慢性乙肝患者体内存在DC数量减少及成熟障碍，这种改变与肝内炎症反应程度不相关，但与乙肝病毒（Hepatitis Bvirus，HBV）的复制水平呈负相关，提示DC参与慢性乙肝患者体内HBV的清除。     

Phenotypic specificity in patients with neurodevelopmental delay does not correlate with diagnostic yield of trio-exome sequencing

In this study, we aimed to examine the diagnostic yield achieved by applying a trio approach in exome sequencing (ES) and the interdependency between the clinical specificity in families with neurodevelopmental delay. Thirty-seven families were recruited and trio-ES as well as three criteria for estimating the clinical phenotypic specificity were suggested and applied to the underaged children. All our patients showed neurodevelopmental delay and most of them a large spectrum of congenital anomalies. Applying the pathogenicity guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG), likely pathogenic (29.7%) and pathogenic variants (8.1%) were found in 40,5% of our index patients. Additionally, we found four variants of uncertain significance (VUS; according to ACMG) and two genes of interest (GOI; going beyond ACMG classification) (GLRA4, NRXN2). Spastic Paraplegia 4 (SPG4) caused by a formerly known SPAST variant was diagnosed in a patient with a complex phenotype, in whom a second genetic disorder may be present. A potential pathogenic variant linked to severe intellectual disability in GLRA4 requires further investigation. No interdependency between the diagnostic yield and the clinical specificity of the phenotypes could be observed. In consequence, trio-ES should be used early in the diagnostic process, independently from the specificity of the patient.     

载脂蛋白(a)亚型与脑梗塞的病因学联系

为探讨 Ｌｐ（ａ）、ａｐｏ（ａ）与脑梗塞病因学的关系,阐明ａｐｏ（ａ）基因表型对脑梗塞的调控作用,检测了 ９０ 例经 Ｃ Ｔ 确诊的脑梗塞患者血清 Ｌｐ（ａ）含量,并分离出 １３ 种 ａｐｏ（ａ）表型,与对照（以年龄、性别配比）比较。结果表明,高 Ｌｐ（ａ）者（≥３０ｍ ｇ／ｄｌ）患脑梗塞的危险性为正常者（＜ ３０ｍ ｇ／ｄｌ）的 ３５６ 倍（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,ａｐｏ（ａ）分子量与 Ｌｐ（ａ）水平呈高度负相关,ｒ＝ － ０．４８１,说明 ａｐｏ（ａ）大小决定了约 ４８％ 的 Ｌｐ（ａ）水平。ａｐｏ（ａ）等位基因 Ｌｐ Ｂ、 Ｌｐ Ｓ１、 Ｌｐ Ｓ２ 可能是易发脑梗塞者的基因标志。     

Relation between genotype and phenotype in Swedish phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia patients

Phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) are caused mostly by an inherited (autosomal recessive) deficiency in hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity. More than 50 PAH mutations have ben reported. The goal of the present study was to examine the molecular basis for the clinical heterogeneity of Swedish PKU and HPA patients. Mutations were identified through allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization or DNA sequencing on 128 of the 176 mutant alleles (73%). Three mutations (R408W, Y414C and IVS12) together accounted for 56% of all mutant alleles and ten relatively infrequent mutations were found on another 17% of all mutant alleles. Patients from 50 of the 88 families (57%) had identified mutations in both PAH genes and allowed use to compare the clinical effects of different combinations of PAH mutations. The in vitro activity of all of these mutations, including the newly identified G272X and L364, have been tested in a eukaryotic expression system. There was a strong relationship between the average in vitro PAH activity of the two mutant enzymes and both the phenylalanine tolerance and the neonatal pretreatment serum phenylalanine concentration. This confirms previous observations in Danish and German PKU patients that disease phenotype is a consequence of the nature of the mutations at the PAH locus and not significantly influenced by other loci. The sample population in the previous study did not, however, include mild HPA patients, and the observed correlation is thus restricted to severe and moderate mutant alleles. Since a comparatively high proportion of the Swedish patients were mildly affected, we have provided additional evidence that this correlation is valid throughout a continuous spectrum of clinical varieties. PAH genotyping could therefore help predict prognosis of a recently diagnosed PKU or HPA child.