下睑赘皮性倒睫的手术处理

目的 介绍一种简单有效的下睑赘皮性倒睫手术方式.方法 于2010年1月至2012年12月期间,对8例先天性下睑赘皮性倒睫患者实施手术矫正,采用“夹持皮肤定量法”切除赘余皮肤及部分轮匝肌,术后1周、1个月、6个月门诊随访观察.结果 术后所有患者无眼表刺激症状,睫毛方向正常,眼睑无内外翻及退缩等异常,所有患者在6个月随访期间未见复发,1例患者随访2年以上未见复发.结论 “夹持皮肤定量法”简单易行,可有效矫正下睑赘皮性倒睫,并能准确预计皮肤切除量,避免过矫及欠矫.     

Loss of antigen-processing molecules in primary orbital melanoma

OBJECTIVE To study the antigen-processing molecules in primary orbital melanomas and correlate them with the clinicopathological features. METHODS AND MATERIALS Antigen-processing molecules comprising the low molecular weight proteins LMP2 and LMP10, transporter associated with antigen-processing TAP1, the binding protein tapasin and the chaperone protein calnexin were analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies in three primary orbital melanomas. The results were correlated clinicopathologically. RESULTS The three primary orbital melanomas were composed of spindle cells. LMP2, LMP10, TAP1, tapasin and calnexin were heterogeneous in the two cases with no hepatic metastasis and negative in one case with hepatic metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Antigen-processing molecules are decreased in orbital melanomas with increasing aggressiveness. This could have important implications for immunotherapy. This preliminary observation deserves further investigation, which may shed more light on the immune escape mechanisms of this tumor and thus make possible novel therapeutic strategies.     

Experiencia del uso de la toxina botulínica tipo A para el tratamiento sintomático del epiblefaron en pacientes menores de 2 años

IntroductionEpiblepharon is a congenital eyelid malposition due to a horizontal skin fold and a redundant orbicular muscle, resulting in the inward positioning of the eyelashes.ObjectivePersonal experience is presented of the non-surgical correction of symptomatic epiblepharon using a pretarsal injection of 5 IU of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) into the orbicular muscle.Material and methodsPatients with epiblepharon younger than 2 year were included in the study. A review was made of their clinical charts and the symptoms and signs of epiblepharon were evaluated before and after treatment with BoNT-A.ResultsA total of 40 patients were included (28 girls [70%]). The mean age at treatment was 11 months (range, 4-24 months). A total of 76 eyelids were treated with BoNT-A. A statistically significant improvement in symptoms, lash-corneal touch, and punctate corneal epitheliopathy were reported after the treatment with 5 IU BoNT-A. The mean final follow-up was 25.5 weeks (range, 4-92 months).ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that a pretarsal BoNT-A injection is an effective and safe treatment for the correction of symptomatic epiblepharon in patients younger than 2 years of age.     

Lower Eyelid Epiblepharon Associated with Lower Eyelid Retraction

Purpose

To describe a series of patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon associated with lower eyelid retraction.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for lower eyelid retraction, epiblepharon, or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) between October 1999 and March 2007. Patients with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon on preoperative examination were included in this study.

Results

Twenty-seven eyelids of 20 patients with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon were enrolled. The underlying causes of lower eyelid retraction included congenital retraction (seven eyelids), congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM; seven eyelids), TAO (seven eyelids), post-operative cicatricial retraction (five eyelids), and facial nerve palsy (one eyelid). Eight of 27 eyelids were successfully corrected after the repair of retraction without the repair of epiblepharon, regardless of the cause of lower eyelid retraction. Another four eyelids with epiblepharon associated with TAO resolved after only orbital decompression. Cilia-everting sutures were additionally applied for epiblepharon in another 14 eyelids, 12 of which did not require the excision of a skin fold or the orbicularis muscles. Only one eyelid with mild retraction and epiblepharon underwent simple epiblepharon repair. Recurrence of retraction or epiblepharon developed in three eyelids during follow-up.

Conclusions

In cases with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon, the retraction should be repaired first, and then the epiblepharon can be corrected selectively according to the severity of the case.     

Cause analysis and reoperation effect of failure and recurrence after epiblepharon correction in children

BACKGROUNDIn children, it is common to see failure and recurrence in the correction of epiblepharon and to have reoperation due to obvious irritation symptoms and corneal injury.AIMTo explore the causes of failure and recurrence after epiblepharon correction in children, to remove accurately redundant epiblepharon and orbicularis oculi muscle in patients via the cilia-everting suture technique combined with lid margin splitting in some patients due to inverted lashes in the medial part of the eyelid, and to observe the therapeutic effect.METHODSFrom 2015 to 2019, in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, 22 children (40 eyes) with epiblepharon, aged 5-12 years, were treated due to correction failure and recurrence. Fourteen patients (28 eyes) underwent the full-thickness everting suture technique, and eight patients (16 eyes) underwent incisional surgery. They were treated by reviewing the previous surgical methods and observing epiblepharon, eyelash direction, and corneal injury. During reoperation, a subciliary incision was made 1 mm below the inferior lash line. Incisional surgery for the lower eyelid was used to remove accurately redundant epiblepharon and part of the pretarsal orbicularis muscle. Subcutaneous tissue and the orbicularis muscle of the upper skin-muscle flap were anchored to the anterior fascia of the tarsal plate by rotational sutures. Lid margin splitting was used only for patients who had seriously inverted lashes located in the medial part of the eyelid. All patients were followed for 6-12 mo after reoperation to observe the lower eyelid position, skin incision, eyelash direction, corneal damage, and recurrence.RESULTSAfter reoperation, all the patients were corrected. Photophobia, rubbing the eye, winking, and tearing disappeared. There was no lower eyelid entropion, ectropion, or retraction. There was no obvious sunken scar or lower eyelid crease. The eyelashes were far away from the cornea, and when the patients looked down, the eyelashes on the lower eyelid did not contact the cornea or conjunctiva. The corneal injuries were repaired. Follow-up observation for 6 mo showed no recurrence of epiblepharon.CONCLUSIONThe type of suture method, the failure to remove accurately redundant skin and orbicularis muscle, the lack of cilia rotational suture use, and excessive reverse growth of eyelashes are the main causes of failure and recurrence after epiblepharon correction in children.     

睑赘皮的诊断和治疗进展

睑赘皮是东方人常见的一种眼睑异常,国外特别是东亚发达国家,如日本、韩国、新加坡等作了大量相关的基础和临床研究,但国内眼科医师对该病缺乏认识和重视,所以常被误诊,甚至贻误治疗。现根据近年来的文献对睑赘皮的流行病学、临床表现、发病机制、与屈光变化的关系、手术指征、手术方法和预后进行综述。     

The effect of epiblepharon surgery on visual acuity and with-the-rule astigmatism in children

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of epiblepharon surgery on visual acuity and with-the-rule astigmatism in children compared to patients without surgical treatment.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective case control study and reviewed the charts of 202 eyes treated with epiblepharon surgery and of 142 eyes without surgery. The surgical procedure for epiblepharon correction used rotating suture techniques. Data regarding age, best corrected visual acuity, and degree of astigmatism were recorded. Baseline and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative data were collected. The chi-square test, Student''s t-test and general linear model analysis for repeated measures were applied.

Results

The mean astigmatism in the surgical group decreased from 1.10 ± 1.02 diopter (D) preoperatively to 0.84 ± 1.05 D at 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference compared to the non-surgical group during the first year. The general linear model analysis comparing the mean astigmatism between the two groups over time showed a significant group-time interaction (p < 0.05). Within the surgical group, the higher baseline astigmatic subgroup and the 5- to 8-year-old group demonstrated greater cylinder reduction over time. The change in mean visual acuity was not significant in either group.

Conclusions

Significant astigmatic reduction was found after surgical correction in epiblepharon patients. Patients with higher baseline astigmatism exhibited greater astigmatic reduction after epiblepharon surgery. These results suggest that, in order to reduce astigmatism, an epiblepharon operation should be considered in patients with a high level of astigmatism.     

儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫的手术矫正

目的介绍一种简单有效治疗儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫的手术方法。方法应用皮肤轮匝肌切除联合睫毛外翻缝线术治疗儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫46例92只眼,年龄3~12岁,平均5.4岁。术后随访观察6~24个月。结果治愈82只眼,治愈率89.1%;好转10只眼,好转率10.9%。随访期间无加重。5只眼复发,再次手术后均治愈。总有效率100%。结论皮肤轮匝肌切除联合睫毛外翻缝线术治疗儿童下睑赘皮性倒睫疗效确切,复发率低,无严重并发症。     

过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定联合眶隔整复治疗下睑赘皮

目的 评价应用皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术,或联合眶隔整复术治疗下睑赘皮的疗效,并分析相关的解剖结构特点.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.回顾分析2006年4月至2010年4月于我院诊断为下睑赘皮并行皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术,或联合眶隔整复术的14例患者的临床资料,患者年龄为13～30岁,均为双眼发病.所有患者均采用这种改良术式,其中8例还同时行眶隔整复术.术后随访4个月～4年,平均随访13个月.观察手术疗效：下睑赘皮及倒睫是否完全矫正,症状是否缓解,有无并发症出现及是否复发等.结果 所有患者均行皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术,其中8例（57%）术中发现眶隔附着点较高,同时行眶隔整复术.术中发现解剖特点为：所有患者均有下睑皮肤、皮下组织、眼轮匝肌向睑缘部堆积,10例睑缘部眼轮匝肌肥厚,8例眶隔附着点较高.术后27眼（96%）完全矫正,1眼（4%）残留轻度下睑赘皮.所有患者术后均无复发及并发症.结论 皮肤、眼轮匝肌部分切除＋过睑板下缘连续缝合内固定术是治疗下睑赘皮的有效方法,对于眶隔附着点较高者,需同时行眶隔整复术.