眼球挫伤与锌

从１９９１年１１月到１９９２年８月对５０例眼挫伤的血清锌进行测定，３６例异常占７２％，其中有眼底改变占７５％。视神经视网膜挫伤锌值增高。低锌影响杆细胞及锥细胞代谢致视力低下，低锌影响视色素合成及色素上皮代谢，造成伤后视网膜色紊乱。     

肺挫伤致肺水肿患者血浆中E-SLT,IL-8,TNF-α和ET-1的变化

目的本研究观察胸部外伤所致肺水肿病人血中E-选择素、TNF、白细胞介素-8和内皮素的变化.方法用固相双夹心酶联免疫吸附法和放免技术共测定了24例胸部外伤病人在治疗前后血中E-选择素、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素-8和内皮素浓度.结果临床肺水肿病人血中E-选择素、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素-8和内皮素的浓度在发病时明显升高,与正常对照组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.001).治愈后恢复正常,治疗后各项指标与正常对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),但治疗前后差异有显著性(P＜0.001).结论E-选择素、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素-8和内皮素在肺水肿发病机制中起着重要,随着这些因子的升高出现肺水肿并逐渐加重,这些因子降低后肺水肿逐步消失.因此对这些因子的检测有助于估计病情和评价疗效.     

Post-traumatic brain hypothermia reduces histopathological damage following concussive brain injury in the rat

The purposes of this study were (1) to document the histopathological consequences of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, and (2) to determine whether posttraumatic brain hypothermia (30°C) would protect histopathologically. Twenty-four hours prior to TBI, the fluid percussion interface was positioned over the right cerebral cortex. On the 2nd day, fasted rats were anesthetized with 70% nitrous oxide, 1% halothane, and 30% oxygen. Under controlled physiological conditions and normothermic brain temperature (37.5°C), rats were injured with a fluid percussion pulse ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 atmospheres. In one group, brain temperature was maintained at normothermic levels for 3 h after injury. In a second group, brain temperature was reduced to 30°C at 5 min post-trauma and maintained for 3 h. Three days after TBI, brains were perfusion-fixed for routine histopathological analysis. In the normothermic group, damage at the site of impact was seen in only one of nine rats. In contrast, all normothermic animals displayed necrotic neurons within ipsilateral cortical regions lateral and remote from the impact site. Intracerebral hemorrhagic contusions were present in all rats at the gray-white interface underlying the injured cortical areas. Selective neuronal necrosis was also present within the CA3 and CA4 hippocampal subsectors and thalamus. Post-traumatic brain hypothermia significantly reduced the overall sum of necrotic cortical neurons (519±122 vs 952±130, mean ±SE, P=0.03, Kruskal-Wallis test) as well as contusion volume (0.50±0.14 vs 2.14±0.71 mm³, P=0.004). These data document a consistent pattern of histopathological vulnerability following normothermic TBI and demonstrate hypothermic protection in the post-traumatic setting.Supported by USPHS Grants NS30291 and NS27127     

外侧裂区脑挫裂伤31例临床分析

目的研究外侧裂区脑挫裂伤的机理和治疗方法。方法对31例外侧裂区脑挫裂伤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果保守治疗14例,手术治疗17例,死亡5例,3￣6月后按GOS评分植物生存2例,重残3例,中残8例,良好13例。结论及时解除血管压迫可提高临床治疗效果。     

Intraparenchymal blood-fluid levels in traumatic intracerebral haematomas

Summary Blood-fluid levels within the cerebral parenchyma are observed more frequently on CT and MRI in traumatic intracerebral haematomas than in those of other aetiologies. The intraparenchymal blood-fluid interface can be formed without a fluid cavity. It is suggested that the blood-fluid levels represent layering of red blood cells within areas of contusion necrosis as well as extensive contusion oedema. The more extensive the damage to brain tissue, the more often blood-fluid levels formed. A poorer outcome can be therefore predicted when an intraparenchymal blood-fluid interface is seen.     

手术治疗挫伤性睫状体脱离的体会

目的 探讨治疗挫伤性睫状体脱离的最佳手术方法。方法 对４５例挫伤性睫状体脱离的病例进行睫状体固定缝合术。结果 ４５例手术全部成功,术后眼压较术前平均升高９．９８ｍｍＨｇ。视力均有明显提高,治愈率１００％。结论 睫状体固定缝合术是治疗挫伤性睫状体脱离最直接的理想的手术方法。     

"气至病所"针法治疗臀上皮神经损伤的疗效观察

目的：观察气至病所针法的临床治疗效果。方法：将120例臀上皮神经损伤病例随机分成“气至病所”针法组与常规针法组进行对照观察。结果：气至病所组治愈率优于常规组(P＜0．01)。结论：“气至病所”针法是一种治疗臀上皮神经损伤的有效方法。     

单侧开颅额部大脑镰切开救治双额叶挫裂伤的疗效分析

目的评价单侧开颅额部大脑镰切开救治双额叶挫裂伤的疗效优点。方法回顾性分析了2000-01～2004-01行手术救治的双额叶或双额+一侧颞叶挫裂伤76例。其中A组36例,行单侧开颅大脑镰下切开术;B组40例,双额开颅手术。结果A组患者死亡率、致残率、平均手术时间、输血量、住院费用明显低于B组患者,二组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论单侧开颅额部大脑镰切开救治双额叶挫裂伤能能显著降低重型颅脑损伤患者的死亡率和致残率,明显减少手术时间、输血量及住院费用,具有较好的临床实用价值。     

额叶脑挫裂伤合并颅内血肿单侧开颅手术临床疗效评价

【目的】探讨单侧开颅手术治疗额叶脑挫裂伤合并颅内血肿的临床疗效。【方法】选取2015年6月至2017年6月本院手术治疗的额叶脑挫裂伤合并颅内血肿患者110例,根据手术入路分为单侧开颅手术(观察组,n=60)、双侧开颅手术(对照组,n=50),对比两组患者的手术时间、输血量、住院时间、术后不同时间的格拉斯哥昏迷(GCS)评分、格拉斯哥预后评分,手术前后患者血清神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100β蛋白、乳酸水平变化。【结果】观察组患者的手术时间、输血量、住院时间均显著地低于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,观察组患者的GCS评分显著地高于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月进行患者预后评估,观察组患者的预后良好率66.67%显著高于对照组患者的46.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1d,两组患者的血清NSE、S100β蛋白、血乳酸浓度差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周,观察组患者的血清NSE、S100β蛋白、血乳酸浓度均显著低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】额叶脑挫裂伤合并颅内血肿患者采用单侧开颅手术相对于双侧开颅手术其创伤更小、术后恢复效果更好。