MR评价垂体腺瘤质地及与其胶原含量的关系

目的利用MR测量垂体腺瘤不同质地的信号强度,并分析其与肿瘤胶原含量间的关系。方法57例经手术证实的垂体腺瘤标本,术前均行MR检查,根据术中肿瘤硬度分为质地韧组(8例)与质地软组(49例),标本行天狼猩红染色检测其胶原含量。结果纤维化与非纤维化组T1WI瘤体/灰质信号强度比分别为1.31±0.31、1.16±0.26;T1WI瘤体/白质信号强度比分别为1.01±0.25、0.91±0.18,两组间差异无统计学意义(P(0.05);T1+WI瘤体/灰质信号强度比分别为1.83±0.28、1.84±0.51;T1+WI瘤体/白质信号强度比分别为1.56±0.24、1.46±0.37,两组间差异无统计学意义(P(0.05);T2WI瘤体/灰质信号强度比分别为1.15±0.26、1.57±0.46(P(0.05);T2WI瘤体/白质信号强度比分别为1.48±0.39、2.10±0.61,两组间有统计学意义(P(0.01);胶原含量分别为20.03%±7.99%、7.87%±4.82%,两组间有统计学意义(P<0.01);且T2WI瘤体/灰质、T2WI瘤体/白质与胶原含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.531、r=-0.726,P均(0.01)。结论术前MR可以预测垂体腺瘤的质地;其中以T2WI瘤体/白质为预测指标为最佳。胶原含量影响垂体腺瘤质地,MRI上T2WI可以反映其胶原含量的多少。     

双色谱柱双FID顶空气相色谱法测量乙醇 浓度的一致性评价

目的 研究双色谱柱双FID检测器顶空气相色谱法（双柱双检法）测量乙醇浓度的一致性,探讨不同一致性评价方法应用价值,为司法鉴定中涉嫌“醉驾”案件准确检测乙醇浓度提供理论依据。方法 配置浓度为80mg/100ml 乙醇溶液和4mg/100ml叔丁醇的混合样。使用自动进样器进样,然后用配备色谱柱和双FIDs的HS-GC分别分析样品。共进行了20次试验,分别计算FID-1和FID-2组的乙醇浓度。采用配对 t 检验、Pearson相关分析、组内相关系数、Bland- Altman 法、ATE/LER区域法等,对两组乙醇检测结果进行一致性评价。结果 FID-1组乙醇浓度为（79.57±1.65） mg/100ml,RSD为2.07%;FID-2组为（81.42±1.33） mg/100 ml,RSD为1.63%。配对 t 检验: t =-7.69（ P <0.001）;Pearson相关系数: r =0.757（ P <0.001）;组内相关系数: ICC =0.739（ P <0.001）;Bland-Altman 法显示,95%的点均落在一致性限内;ATE/LER区域法显示,100%点落在ATE区域,无点落在LER区域。结论 推荐联合使用Bland- Altman图分析法、ATE/LER区域法和组内相关系数作为双柱双检法检测样本中乙醇浓度的一致性评价方法。 双柱双检法测量乙醇浓度的一致性良好。但还应结合测量不确定度等方面对FID-1、FID-2的结果进一步研究。     

Assessing the Consistency of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Multiple Correlative Active Components

The problem of controlling the quality of raw materials and/or final product of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been studied. Earlier proposed consistency index to assess the consistency of quality of raw materials and/or final product processed or manufactured from different locations or sites has only focused on a single (i.e., the most active) component assuming that the most active component can be quantitatively identified among multiple active components. In this paper, we extend such results to the case of two correlative components. Sampling plans (sample sizes) are obtained for various combinations of study parameters. An example concerning a TCM for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed method. Some concluding remarks are also provided.     

罗氏e602不同仪器间乙肝标志物检测结果的一致性

目的对罗氏cobas 8000 e602乙肝标志物的试剂在Au1和Au2检测两仪器间检测结果的一致性进行评价。方法参照CLSI EP9A3方案,各取40例样本同时在Au1和Au2间单次检测,对其结果进行一致性分析,计算医学决定水平处的偏移值,以≤1/2室间质评(±10%)作为可接受标准。结果罗氏e602 Au1和Au2间乙肝标志物结果 95%在Bland-Altman一致性界限内,Passing-Bablok回归方程分别为HBsAg:Y=-0.0036+1.0458X,HBsAb:Y=0.6364+1.0043X;HBeAg:Y=-0.0096+1.0063X;HBeAb:Y=-0.0011+1.0203X;HBcAb:Y=-0.0002+0.9160X。医学决定水平的偏移值分别为4.13%、6.57%、-0.33%、1.88%、-8.79%,比对结果可接受。结论罗氏cobas 8000 e602Au1和Au2检测乙肝标志物的比对结果一致,检测结果无差异。     

Consistency of Recall of Sexual and Drug-Using Behaviors for Homeless Persons with Dual Diagnosis

In this paper we present data from a study of the consistency of recall of several sexual and drug-using behaviors gathered from face-to-face interviews with homeless persons who have dual diagnosis (severe mental illness plus a substance use disorder). Factors associated with inconsistent reporting are also examined. One hundred and thirty-three individuals participating in a longitudinal study of HIV risk behaviors were recruited for a retrospective recall study. Participants were completing monthly interviews that included assessments of sexual behaviors and drug use. Participants completed an additional interview using the same instruments and were randomly assigned to a 3- or 6-month recall condition; the data from the additional interview were correlated with the regular, monthly interviews. Results indicated that reports of sexual and substance-using behaviors were generally reported consistently for both 3- and 6-month recall periods; however, coefficients for the 3-month interval were generally better than those for the 6-month interval. One exception was that protected intercourse was generally not reported consistently. Inconsistent reporting of sexual and drug-using behaviors was associated with the severity of substance abuse; inconsistent reporting of sexual behaviors was also associated with African-American race. Our data suggest that a 3-month recall interval is generally superior to a 6-month interval for persons with severe mental illness.     

The Rheology of Liquids: A Comparison of Clinicians’ Subjective Impressions and Objective Measurement

Texture-modified diets are commonly prescribed for patients with dysphagia; it is therefore important to demonstrate that clinicians form accurate impressions of the rheological (flow) properties of the items that they recommend for their clients. We explored the correlation between objective rheological measurement and clinicians subjective impressions of liquid consistency, rated on the bases of product labeling and sampling. Ten liquids, ranging from thin through nectar-thick and honey-thick to spoon-thick consistencies, were selected for study. Rheological analysis was conducted using a Carri-Med CSL Controlled Stress Rheometer. Fifty speech-language pathologists ranked the liquids in order of perceived viscosity, based on their interpretation of the product packaging and label. Product nomenclature proved insufficient to accurately represent the consistency class to which each liquid belonged. A second group of 16 speech-language pathologists rated the perceived relative viscosity and density of nectar-thick and honey-thick juice items in blinded two-point discrimination tests of stirring-resistance, oral manipulation, and vessel weight. Physical sampling of these two products enabled clinicians to reliably perceive relative viscosity and density differences between the nectar- and honey-thick items.     

直肠癌体素内不相干运动MRI参数的一致性和可重复性

目的 探讨直肠癌体素内不相干运动（IVIM）MRI参数测量的一致性和可重复性。方法 对128例经病理证实的直肠腺癌患者于治疗前行直肠常规高分辨MR和IVIM扫描。选择两种b值组合（A组：0、5、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、150、200、400、600和1 000 s/mm²;B组：0、5、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、150、200、400、600、1 000、1 500和2 000 s/mm²）,拟合计算出两组IVIM参数图,分别测量肿瘤区域单纯扩散系数（D）、假性扩散系数（D^*）和灌注分数（f）值。由同一观察者间隔3个月重复测量肿瘤区域D、D^*和f值;采用组内相关系数（ICC）和Bland-Altman图评价测量的一致性和可重复性。结果 两种b值组合图像所测量D、D^*、f值差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.001）;D、D^*及f值的ICC及95%置信区间分别为0.968（0.955,0.977）、0.780（0.688,0.845）和0.957（0.934,0.970）;Bland-Altman图显示差异百分比的±1.96标准差分别为（10.8%,22.4%）、（14.8%,61.9%）、（-45.3%,-10.2%）。同一观察者2次测量D^*值差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;D、D^*及f值的ICC及95%置信区间分别为0.826（0.670,0.908）、0.678（0.392,0.830）和0.910（0.830,0.952）;Bland-Altman图显示差异百分比的±1.96标准差分别为（-15.3%,12.4%）、（-39.6%,61.2%）、（-22.6%,22.9%）。结论 两种b值组合图像测量直肠癌各IVIM参数的一致性良好,D值和f值测量的可重复性良好。     

二维斑点追踪超声心动图左房软件及左室软件测量左房机械形变功能的一致性分析

目的 评估TomTec工作站左房及左室两种斑点追踪超声心动图软件测量左房整体纵向应变及应变率的一致性分析。方法 收集64个受检者的临床资料及超声心动图图像,两名受规范化培训医师分别应用2D-STE左房及左室软件获得左房整体纵向收缩期应变(Sct)、通道期应变(Scd)、左房储存期应变(Sr=Sct+Scd)及收缩期应变率(SRct)、通道期应变率(SRcd)、储存期应变率(SRr)。通过比较测量者内和测量者间获得的左房应变及应变率测值以评估两种软件测量的一致性有无差异。结果 （1）两种软件测量者内和测量者间的测值存在差异,仅左室软件测量者间SRcd差异有统计学意义（P=0.01）;（2）Bland-Altman一致性检验提示两种软件有较好的一致性,但左房软件测值较左室软件偏倚小,一致性区间较左室软件范围小;（3）测量者信度分析,左房软件测值较左室软件一致性好。结论 二维斑点追踪超声心动图左房专用软件较左室软件测值偏倚小,一致性范围稳定,测量者的重测信度优秀,值得在左房功能分析中推广应用。     

超声自动全容积扫描与弹性成像对乳腺病变的鉴别诊断

目的评价观察者间超声自动全容积扫描(ABVS)和弹性成像鉴别乳腺病变的可信度,以及ABVS、弹性成像及两者结合在乳腺病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 41例患者分别接受ABVS和弹性成像检查,分析ABVS和弹性成像在两位医师中的诊断一致性,ABVS、弹性成像及ABVS结合弹性成像与病理结果的一致性,比较三种方法的诊断价值。结果两位医师的ABVS诊断结果(K=0.620)和弹性成像诊断结果(K=0.654)均具有良好的一致性;ABVS诊断结果(K=0.810)、弹性成像诊断结果(K=0.765)、ABVS与弹性成像结合的诊断结果(K=0.901)均与病理结果具有良好或极好的一致性,其对乳腺病变的诊断准确率分别为91.30%、89.13%及95.65%,敏感性分别为100%、96.42%及100%,特异性分别为77.78%、77.78%及87.50%,阳性预测值分别为87.50%、87.10%及93.75%,阴性预测值分别为100%、93.33%及100%。结论 ABVS和弹性成像在观察者间具有良好的一致性,与病理结果有良好的一致性,在乳腺病变的鉴别诊断中具有较高的应用价值,ABVS和弹性成像结合更有助于提高诊断准确率。