General vaccination willingness and current vaccination status in relation to clinical and psychological variables in patients with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundInfections can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, vaccinations are of immense importance. If vaccination willingness is to be increased, possible influencing factors should be identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of active immunisation in MS patients in association with sociodemographic, clinical-neurological, psychopathological and personality variables using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.MethodFour hundred and four MS patients from two German neurological hospitals were examined for their vaccination attitudes, in detail, the general willingness to vaccinate and the current vaccination status of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) as well as tetanus and influenza. We also looked at the current level of disability in relation to the current vaccination status, as well as possible associated personality and psychopathological variables.ResultsPatients with a complete MMR vaccination status were significantly younger and those with a complete influenza vaccination status were significantly older than those with related incomplete vaccination status. Tetanus vaccination status completeness did not differ depending on age and did not show substantial association with personality scores. However, influenza vaccination completeness was associated with differences in personality and psychopathological variables; extraversion, openness, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and anxiety. A reported general vaccination willingness was significantly correlated with the current completeness of tetanus and influenza vaccinations. Novelty seeking, persistence, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism were found associated with an increased vaccination willingness. Anxiety and depression were not related to general vaccination willingness.ConclusionsNo specific personality trait could be defined on its own in relation to general vaccination willingness or complete vaccination status. Younger patients should be made more aware of influenza vaccination. Reasons for rather low vaccination rates need to be further investigated.     

Trusting patients, trusting nurses

Abstract  The general expectation that patients should be willing to trust nurses is rarely explored or challenged despite claims of diminishing public trust in social and professional institutions. Everyday meanings of trust take account of circumstance and suggest that our understanding of what it means to trust is contextually bound. However, in the context of health care, to trust implies a particular understanding which becomes apparent when abuses of this trust are reported and acknowledged as scandals. The predominant assumption in the literature that trust is something that occurs between equally competent adults cannot explain trust in nursing precisely because of the unequal power relationships between patients on the one hand and healthcare professionals on the other. Moreover, the tendency to conflate terms such as trust, reliance, confidence and so on suggests that confusion permeates discussions of trust in nursing. In this paper, I argue in support of Annette Baier's requirement of good will (or lack of ill will) as the essential feature of trust, and outline how this account (i) enables us to make the necessary distinctions between trust on the one hand and 'trust pretenders' on the other; and (ii) lays the foundations for understanding trust in relationships, such as those between patients and nurses, where power differentials exist.     

网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿及影响因素研究

目的 探讨网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿及影响因素,为提高网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”的积极性提供参考。方法 2022年1—2月,采用便利抽样法选取广州市开展“互联网+护理服务”医院的279名网约护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、“互联网+护理服务”意愿影响因素量表和组织支持量表进行调查。结果 网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿得分(12.39±1.61),控制一般资料(职务、获得从业资格时间、居家护理服务经历)的影响后,发现感知风险、感知价值、便利条件、工具支持是网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿的影响因素(R²=0.641),可解释参与意愿变异的64.1%。结论 网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿处于中等偏上水平,为患者提供“互联网+护理服务”的意愿受感知风险、感知价值、便利条件和工具支持的影响。     

重庆市高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿及影响因素研究

目的:探究高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿及影响因素,为改善养老服务人才供给提供决策依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样法,通过主成分分析、相关性分析和Logistic逐步回归模型分析高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿及其影响因素。结果:纳入有效样本711份,72.86%的高校涉老专业学生愿意从事养老服务行业,主成分分析和二元Logistic逐步回归结果显示,户籍属性、家庭经济状况、照顾老人经历、与祖辈关系程度、薪酬待遇、工作特征和行业环境是高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿选择的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:举国家之力改善养老服务行业薪酬待遇与行业环境、合理设置岗位职责,降低工作风险、强度和压力,应成为提升涉老专业学生从业意愿的首要任务。     

“互联网+”居家养老服务需求意愿及影响因素研究

目的:以合肥市为例,基于老年人自身角度,对“互联网+”居家养老服务需求程度及影响因素进行探究方法;采用描述性统计方法探究老年人“互联网+”居家养老服务需求及接受现状;采用多元有序logistic模型从个体特征、社会环境特征、“互联网+”认知特征等三方面分析不同特征老人“互联网+”居家养老服务需求影响因素。结果:①老年人对于智能化养老需求意愿较高,但实际接受程度仍偏低。②年龄、文化程度、享受养老保险类型、“互联网+”居家养老服务认识了解程度,智能设备使用简易程度等会正向促进居家养老服务需求程度的提高。而户口所在地、当前养老现状满意程度、信息化养老服务费用等会负向影响居家养老服务需求程度的提高。结论:促进老年人生活质量进一步提高,应从增强“互联网+”居家养老服务模式普及率,尊重社区居民养老服务需求,坚持政府主导与市场融合,构建完善基础信息技术系统等方面入手。     

高校志愿者居家养老护理参与意愿的调查

目的探讨高校志愿者居家养老护理服务的参与意愿,以有效发挥高校志愿者作为居家养老护理服务主体的积极作用。方法自编高校志愿者居家养老护理参与意愿调查问卷,对470名高校志愿者进行调查。结果在生活护理中,高校志愿者对打扫卫生(77.4%)和上街购物(74.5%)的参与意愿较强;在医疗保健护理项目中,对于健康知识讲解(78.9%)的参与意愿最强;精神慰藉服务项目中,对读书读报(88.1%)和聊天解闷(82.6%)的参与意愿最强。为他人作贡献(67.0%)是高校志愿者参加居家养老护理最主要的原因。结论高校志愿者对居家养老护理的不同方面存在不同的参与意愿,应结合其参与意愿,将高校志愿者资源合理地整合到居家养老护理服务主体中,以有效促进居家养老护理事业的发展。     

The determinants of willingness to care for people living with HIV-AIDS: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia

Acceptance and willingness to care for people living with HIV-AIDS (PLHA) in society is still a concern. The purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of willingness to care for PLHA in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to process the secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2017. A total sample of 13,731 individuals was obtained by a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. The variables used were socioeconomic characteristics (age, sex, education, wealth quintile, residence, employment status and earnings), knowledge about HIV-AIDS, information about HIV-AIDS and willingness to care for PLHA. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. According to the data from IDHS 2017, 71.84% of total respondents in Indonesia are willing to care for PLHA. Female respondents, individuals in all wealth quintiles and those who have more information are more likely to care for PLHA. Respondents aged 35–49 years old and currently working are less likely to care for PLHA. However, level of education, level of knowledge, residence and earnings are not related willingness to care for PLHA. The dissemination of correct and accurate information about HIV-AIDS can help the community and society understand this condition. Thus, community members can accept PLHA and become more willing to provide care. The government can determine further policies for the appropriate dissemination of information, maximally and in accordance with recommendations. Collaborations among the government, health workers and the community are needed.     

The under-representation of minority ethnic groups in UK medical research

Objectives . The paper investigates differences in engagement with medical research between White British and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups in the UK, using data from the Wellcome Trust Monitor (WTM).

Design. The study used two waves of the WTM (n?=?2575) to examine associations between ethnic group and participation in medical research, and willingness to participate (WP) in medical research. Logistic regression models controlled for socio-economic and demographic factors, and relevant outlooks and experiences that are assumed to be markers of engagement.

Results. Respondents from the BAME group were less likely to have participated in medical research compared to those from the White British group, but there was only patchy evidence of small ethnic group differences in WP. Influences on engagement with medical research varied somewhat between the White British and BAME groups, in particular in relation to occupation, education, health, attitudes to medical science and belief.

Conclusions. These findings consolidate previously context-specific evidence of BAME group under-representation in the UK, and highlight heterogeneity in that group. Efforts to address the under-representation of those from BAME groups might benefit from targeted strategies for recruitment and advocacy, although improved data sets are required to fully understand ethnic differences in engagement with medical research.