新氨基糖苷类抗生素89－07给药方案研究

用小鼠败血症系统感染模型，以感染小鼠肾匀浆活菌计数为标准，以庆大霉素为对照药，探讨日剂量单次与分两次给药两种方案对新氨基糖苷类抗生素８９—０７体内抗留作用的影响。结果表明大肠杆菌９０－０２０、绿脓假单胞菌３—３７４、金葡球菌９０—５０６对抗生素８９—０７和庆大霉素均敏感（ＭＩＣ范围０．０６２５～２ｍｇ／Ｌ）；抗生素８９—０７和庆大霉素日剂量单次给药组（ＯＤ）３株实验菌的肾匀浆活菌计数值由给药前的４．９４±０．０９、４．６０±０．２７、４．８６±０．１０１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ分别降至１．９４±０．１９、１．８４±０．２５、１．８８±０．２５１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ（给药后７～８ｈ）．日剂量分两次给药组（ＢＩＤ）则分别降至２．９５±０．４８、２．８７±０．３７、３．４４±０．２７１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ。ＯＤ组对３株实验菌的最大杀菌作用Ｅｍａｘ分别为３．０２、２．９７和２．８５１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ，ＯＤ给药方案的体内杀菌作用明显优于ＢＩＤ方案。     

Results of a double blind study of 89-strontium therapy of skeletal metastases of prostatic carcinoma

Forty-nine patients were treated with either 3×75 MBq ⁸⁹Sr or saline as placebo. Analysis of results 1 to 3 years after therapy revealed the ineffectiveness of ⁸⁹Sr to relieve pain from metastases. Unexpectedly, a higher survival rate was found after Sr application (46% vs 4% after 2 years). Covariate analysis underlines the effect of ⁸⁹Sr therapy on life expectation.     

人血清免疫球蛋白工作标准的制备与标定

本文报导混合浓缩人血清工作标准(89-1)的制备和用WHO相应参考标准血清标定出其中五类免疫球蛋白(Igs)及IgG4亚类含量。该制剂主要用于体外测定IgG、IgA、IgM的工作标准,也可供作体外测定IgD、IgE、IgG4的工作标准。混合前每份血清均无乙型肝炎表面抗原、转氨酶正常。定量分装为每安瓿0.5ml,经冷冻干燥后,4℃保存。参照国际参考标准血清67/97及67/37,分别以免疫单扩散法标定89-1中IgG、IgA、ISM含量;以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)标定IgD、IgG4和IgE含量。其中IgG、IgG4、IgA、IgM含量,应用本室制备的相应单克隆抗体(McAb)标定,而IgD和IgE应用多克隆抗体(PcAb)进行标定。并用五剂量法及四剂量法分别计算Igs含量。     

早吸吮勤吸吮对早泌乳的影响

为了探讨产后半小时内早吸吮、勤吸吮对早泌乳的影响。选择１１６例足月妊娠孕产妇，分别在第二产程及产后半小时抽取母亲静脉血，采用放射免疫双抗法（ＤＡＲＩＡ）测定胎儿娩出前、吸吮后和未吸吮时，母亲血清垂体催乳素（ＰＲＬ）值。结果表明：第二产程时两组血清ＰＲＬ值无显著差异。而产后半小时早吸吮的母亲体内血清中ＰＲＬ水平明显高于未吸吮的血清ＰＲＬ值。早吸吮的母亲泌乳早。     

89锶内照射治疗转移性骨肿瘤骨痛的临床观察

目的:分析89锶治疗转移性骨肿瘤的临床疗效及其安全性.方法:42例转移性骨肿瘤患者接受了89锶治疗.治疗后定期测定血常规、血生化等指标,随访时间3个月以上.对患者骨痛缓解情况、不良反应和血液学、肝肾功能变化进行观察和评价.结果:42例中有效35例,总有效率83.3%,起效时间2～20 d,缓解持续时间3～14个月.毒性反应主要有轻度可逆性骨髓抑制,血液学毒性小于Ⅱ级.无过敏反应及其他特殊不良反应.对肝肾功能无明显影响.结论:89锶对于转移性骨肿瘤所致的剧烈疼痛有良好的止痛效果,毒副作用小,是提高患者的生存质量的一种有效、安全的治疗方法.     

Adjunct Effect of Immunostimulating Hexapeptide Analogous to Human Beta‐Casein Fragment (54–59) to Sodium Stibogluconate Against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health problem in many tropical countries of the world. The available chemotherapeutics require parenteral administration and have other limitations like cost, toxicity, variable efficacy or restricted supplies. There is no effective treatment for immunosuppressed patients with leishmaniasis‐ HIV co‐infection. Hence, new therapies, that are effective when treatment with the currently available drugs fails, must be developed. One of the major strategies for effective and safe treatment of leishmaniasis and other infectious diseases, in the last decade, involves the use of immunomodulators as adjunct to chemotherapy. In this context, we studied the immunomodulatory activity of a hexapeptide Val‐Glu‐Pro‐Ile‐Gly‐Tyr (CDRI compound 89‐215) corresponding to (54–59) fragment of human β‐casein in mice and its efficacy in adjunct chemotherapy with SSG using L. donovani/hamster model. The hexapeptide was found to enhance both humoral and CMI responses. In animal model the hexapeptide per se showed no antileishmanial activity. However, when given alongwith suiboptimal dose of SSG, it enhanced the efficacy of SSG from 24% to 80%. The activity was very close to the efficacy (85%) recorded for curative dose of SSG. Adjunct chemotherapy with immunomodulator in visceral leishmaniasis appears to be a fruitful preposition.     

Dental caries experience and related factors among a clustered random sample of students in occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study

Background

Dental caries is still the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. In the occupied Palestinian territory, data about oral health status and its determinants are scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among schoolchildren in a random sample of marginalised schools in the West Bank.

Orthostatic hypotension: A commonly unrecognized cause of symptoms in mitral valve prolapse

To test the hypothesis that orthostatic hypotension could represent an alternative mechanism contributing to the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were measured in the supine and standing positions in 86 patients with the diagnosis confirmed by echocardiography. Orthostatic hypotension was demonstrated in 12 patients. Ten of them presented with a history of recurrent lightheadedness, dizziness or syncope and constitute 59 percent of the total number of patients with such symptoms in this series. Although nine of these 10 patients reported transient lightheadedness or dizziness during periods of ambulatory electrocardiographic recording, in only one were the symptoms chronologically related to cardiac arrhythmias. On the other hand, eight of them described lightheadedness and two experienced near-syncope during the postural test in association with the orthostatic drop in blood pressure. Improvement in symptoms and correction of the orthostatic hypotension were demonstrated in seven patients after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Before therapy, the mean systolic blood pressure dropped from 114 ± 3 mm Hg in the supine position to 78 ± 1 mm Hg upon standing (p < 0.001). In repeated postural tests performed after four weeks of treatment, the systolic blood pressure changed from 120 ± 3 mm Hg supine to 115 ± 1 mm Hg upon standing (p > 0.01).We conclude that orthostatic hypotension is a commonly unrecognized mechanism responsible for some of the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, particularly in patients affected by recurrent lightheadedness, dizziness or syncope.     

Amino acids 89–96 of Salmonella typhimurium flagellin represent the major domain responsible for TLR5-independent adjuvanticity in the humoral immune response

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling in response to flagellin is dispensable for inducing humoral immunity, but alterations of aa 89–96, the TLR5 binding site, significantly reduced the adjuvanticity of flagellin. These observations indicate that the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we found that the native form of Salmonella typhimurium aa 89–96-mutant flagellin extracted from flagella retains some TLR5 recognition activity, indicating that aa 89–96 is the primary, but not the only site that imparts TLR5 activity. Additionally, this mutation impaired the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Using TLR5KO mice, we found that aa 89–96 is critical for the humoral adjuvant effect, but this effect was independent of TLR5 activation triggered by this region of flagellin. In summary, our findings suggest that aa 89–96 of flagellin is not only the crucial site responsible for TLR5 recognition, but is also important for humoral immune adjuvanticity through a TLR5-independent pathway.