经腹及经阴道B超监测卵泡发育的评估

应用经腹及经阴道B超对68名不孕症妇女,139个月经周期进行卵泡发育及排卵监测。卵泡检出率TAUS为90.6％,TVUS为98.0％,显著高于前者,P<0.05。成熟卵泡特征影象(卵丘等)在TVUS显象率较高。TVUS监测卵泡发育更实用可靠。     

经阴道宫腔声学造影诊断子宫内膜息肉的价值

目的:探讨经阴道子宫腔造影技术(Transvaginal sonohysterography,SHG)诊断子宫内膜息肉的价值。材料和方法:对39例有异常阴道出血者行SHG检查,并将检查结果与经阴道超声(Transvaginal sonography,TVS)、诊断性刮宫或宫腔镜所获得的结果进行比较分析。结果:病理证实的子宫内膜息肉34例,粘膜下子宫肌瘤3例,子宫内膜增生1例。SHG诊断子宫内膜息肉32例,均可清晰地显示宫腔轮廓和病灶的形态,30例与内膜界限清楚,可见病灶附着部位,23例于结节内部或蒂部显示血流信号;TVS诊断子宫内膜息肉26例,均可见子宫内膜稍强回声结节,其中19例边界清楚,6例可见病灶附着部位;8例结节内部或蒂部显示血流。使用TVS34例均未显示宫腔的轮廓。本组子宫内膜病例在宫腔轮廓及病灶附着部位方面SHG和TVS的显示率分别为94.1%、88.2%和0%、17.6%。SHG明显优于TVS(P<0.001)。SHG诊断粘膜下子宫肌瘤3例,回声与基底部的子宫肌层相似,略低于子宫内膜,病灶基底部与子宫肌层无界限,表面可见内膜与造影剂构成的亮线,1例可见蒂部,CDFI显示2例内部血流丰富,1例见肌层血管穿入病灶。TVS诊断粘膜下子宫肌瘤2例,表现为为子宫内膜低回声结节,1例子宫内膜呈非均质改变,CDFI可见内部丰富的血流信号(SHG显示宫腔内为2枚粘膜下子宫肌瘤,已得到HSC证实)。结论:SHG能明显提高病变的显示率,对于子宫内膜息肉的术前诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

Transvaginal ultrasound and diagnostic hysteroscopy as a predictor of endometrial polyps: risk factors for premalignancy and malignancy

The aim of this study is to assess accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and diagnostic hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial polyps and to determine premalignancy and malignancy rates in asymptomatic women. The study was designed to retrospectively analyze 438 women who underwent operative hysteroscopy in a day-care unit when endometrial polyp was suspected after TVUS and diagnostic hysteroscopy. Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed effects of age, previous breast cancer with tamoxifen treatment, and menopause with or without bleeding on pathologic results. The results indicate that positive predictive value of TVUS with diagnostic hysteroscopy was 79.9%. Premalignancy or malignancy occurred in 3.2% and was significantly related to menopause with abnormal bleeding (P < 0.001), which carried a 20-fold higher risk of pathology than any other group. Age was also a risk factor. It was concluded that TVUS with diagnostic hysteroscopy reliably evaluates endometrial polyps. The low incidence of endometrial tumors in asymptomatic (especially premenopausal) women suggests that their operative evaluation may not be cost effective. Larger studies are needed to support this tentative conclusion.     

Adenomyosis:common and uncommon manifestations on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this presentation is to show the imaging findings of the common and uncommon variants of adenomyosis as seen on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A 3-year database search was performed to identify women who had pelvic sonography and pelvic MRI within a 6-month interval. Images of these cases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Eighty women were identified. Adenomyosis was diagnosed on MRI, which was used as the reference standard, in 45 of these women. The correct diagnosis was made on sonography in 73% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the spectrum of imaging features of adenomyosis is important to use sonography effectively for diagnosing this entity and to help avoid misdiagnosis.     

Transvaginal sonographic assessment of cervical length changes during triplet gestation

The current study aimed to evaluate the contribution of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for monitoring cervical changes during the second half of triplet gestation. Forty-five pregnant women with triplets pregnancies were prospectively scanned by TVS from approximately 26 weeks gestation and were longitudinally followed-up until delivery. Based on a receiver-operating curve it was found that a cervical length of 25 mm is the most accurate parameter (94% sensitivity and 45% specificity) for predicting premature delivery < or =33 gestational weeks. Thus, a single cervical length measurement of < or =25 mm at 26 weeks gestation correlated well with premature delivery at < or =33 weeks (chi(2); P = 0.002). Using the linear regression model, a mathematical equation [(Week of delivery = 27.4 + 1.6 x cervical length; R(2) = 0.46; P = 0.01)] for predicting the gestational age of delivery (dependent variable) was determined based on mid-gestation cervical measurements (predictors). In parturient women with triplet gestation, TVS assessment of the uterine cervix offers insight into the cervical status and provides valuable information for prenatal care. This includes both monitoring the cervical changes throughout third trimester as well as predicting the likelihood of premature delivery.     

经阴道、会阴超声诊断直肠肿瘤的临床价值

目的探讨经阴道、会阴超声诊断直肠肿瘤的临床价值。方法直肠灌水后经阴道、会阴超声检查直肠肿瘤病人28例,并与正常人20例,直肠腔内超声16例对照,同时5例肿瘤作了标本超声检查。结果 28例患者中,26例检出直肠肿瘤28个,其部位在距肛门口2.5～15cm范围内,2例经阴道、会阴超声未发现肿瘤。直肠灌水后经阴道会阴超声检查可直观显示肿瘤的形态,与标本超声显示一致;其病理分期的符合率分别为80.8％。发现淋巴结肿大5例。尤其对高位直肠肿瘤或肿瘤致直肠严重狭窄的病例或Miles手术后,更具有价值。结论经阴道、会阴超声可作为直肠肿瘤检查的补充方法。     

Epidural anesthesia in anin vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program

Objectives To investigate the potential advantages of epidural anesthesia in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program.Study Design Between January 1991 and December 1992, 148 infertile patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval. A total of 44 patients (group A) had 50 retrievals under epidural anesthesia, and 104 patients (group B, control group) 112 retrievals under intravenous sedation (propofol) with mask-assisted ventilation (nitrous oxide).Results In group A satisfactory anesthesia was achieved in 49 of the 50 cases (98%); one patient required additional intravenous administration of propofol owing to extreme anxiety. No complications were observed. Adversely, in group B nausea was observed in 16 cases (14%) and nausea and vomiting in 7 cases (6%). In group A the fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rates were 67.2%, 92% and 20% respectively, while in group B the rates were 69.3%, 93% and 19.6% respectively; the differences are not statistically significant.Conclusions Epidural anesthesia is an effective method for transvaginal oocyte retrieval but does not improve the treatment outcome as compared to an intravenous sedation with mask-assisted ventilation using propofol and nitrous oxide.