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The present paper describes a laboratory experiment in which raters evaluated the videotaped performance of ratees who did or did not have a disability. This disability was stereotypically either a poor fit with the job in question or not. The results indicated that actual appraisals were not influenced by stereotypes about fit or by disabilities, but that expectations concerning future performance and a number of other decisions and recommendations were influenced by this perceived fit. These results suggest that people do hold clear stereotypes about what types of disabilities lead to poor performance on a given job, and that these stereotypes are relied upon for certain personnel decisions, even in light of performance evidence that suggests that these stereotypes are invalid. Employees' disabilities may not influence supervisors' evaluations of their past performance when supervisors have clear objective performance information available. However, bias still exists in expectations for future performance and training recommendations. This bias can have severe long-term consequences on one's career within an organization. The scenario is worse when one's disability is stereotypically believed to be unsuitable to the job in question. 相似文献
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王秀贵 《中国健康心理学杂志》2012,20(8):1248-1249
目的探讨大学生性别角色与职业性别刻板印象的关系。方法采用贝姆性别角色量表与职业性别刻板印象问卷对某高校大学生进行了测量。结果在大学生4种性别角色类型中,双性化占33.1%、未分化占29.0%、女性化占20.4%、男性化占17.5%。大学生的男性职业性别刻板印象和女性职业性别刻板印象在性别上均存在显著差异(F=13.647,26.957;P<0.05),在不同性别角色类型上差异均不显著。结论大学生的职业性别刻板印象处于中等水平,应该弱化其职业性别刻板印象,以促使其更好地就业。 相似文献
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Jesús Paz-Albo Prieto Dario Cvencek Cristina V. Herranz Llácer Aránzazu Hervás Escobar Andrew N. Meltzoff 《Early child development and care》2017,187(8):1273-1283
In play, children often explore mathematical ideas that are vital for future learning. Children’s play also reveals gender differences in both colour and toy preferences. The authors examined how gender-related colour preferences of 5-year-olds are related to preferences for math-specific games/toys and gendered beliefs about math. Spanish preschoolers (N?=?143) completed a self-report measure of gendered beliefs about math. Children then indicated their favourite colour and were given five math-specific games/toys in that colour. Play times for each game/toy were recorded. Three findings emerged. First, girls preferred games/toys of particular colours (pink/purple) that differed from boys’ preferences (blue/red). Second, play time with math games/toys did not differ between girls and boys. Third, 5-year-olds of both genders thought that girls liked math more than boys did. This is the youngest age at which these gendered beliefs about math have been shown, and suggests new theorizing about stereotypes, gender, and math. 相似文献
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Disney animated films continue to be a medium viewed by millions of young audiences across the world. As such, Disney content messages – which are often repeatedly viewed by children – and correlating implications should frequently be assessed. The objective for this investigation was to evaluate the portrayal of older adults in more recent Disney animated films (from 2004 to 2016) to provide both an update and comparative analysis to previous explorations. Results suggest comparable findings: we note a similarity in the overall negative portrayal of older characters in recent Disney animated films compared to previous films. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in “neutral” or general aging qualities, as well as a slight increase in the number of older adults depicted as “the villain.” Implications and observations are offered in efforts to improve ageist representations, particularly in a medium that is exceptionally prevalent in the lives of many young people. 相似文献
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D N Ekstrom 《Journal of advanced nursing》1999,29(6):1393-1401
The effect of nurse gender on nurse and patient perceptions of nurse caring was explored. Members of nurse-patient dyads (N = 145), equally distributed among the four possible gender combinations, completed matching forms of the Caring Questionnaire immediately following a shift. Perceptions of nurse caring that actually occurred during the preceding shift, as well as usual preferences about nurse caring, were measured. Results of two-factor ANOVAS showed no significant differences in actual caring according to nurse gender from either the nurse or the patient perspective. Expectations of certain nurse caring behaviours, however, were significantly lower for male nurses from both nurse and patient perspectives. The results suggest implications for nursing practice, education and further research. 相似文献
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Melissa L. González Dennis R. Dixon Johannes Rojahn Anna J. Esbensen Johnny L. Matson Cindy Terlonge Kimberly R. Smith 《Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities》2009,22(3):223-235
Background The aim of this study was to reevaluate the reliability (internal consistency, inter‐rater and re‐test) and the factor structure of the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI‐01) with adults with intellectual disabilities who resided in a state‐run developmental centre. Methods BPI‐01 was administered to informants who had known participants for a minimum of 6 months. For study 1, data were collected in two samples: 100 residents who were selected based on the challenging behaviour targeted in their behaviour treatment plan and 325 randomly selected residents. Results The internal consistencies of the BPI‐01 subscales were in the good to excellent range. Overall, the inter‐rater and test–re‐test reliability of the subscales and items were adequate with relatively lower reliability found for the Stereotypy subscale and items. For study 2, the data of the 425 participants from study 1 were used in a confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated that three a priori BPI‐01 subscales (Self‐Injurious Behavior, Stereotyped Behavior and Aggression/Destruction) were a reasonable fit. Conclusions The current study provides additional support to the reliability and factor structure of the BPI‐01 in adults with intellectual disabilities. 相似文献
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