Cross-cultural perspectives on widowhood

Widowhood causes four problems: how to replace the functions of the dead spouse and those of the dead parent? who should inherit the property of the dead spouse/ parent? and, where should the surviving family live? Typical solutions to these problems are related to demographic characteristics of developing and developed countries.     

基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体母乳喂养健康教育

目的 探讨基于信息—动机—行为技巧模型(IMB模型)的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程母乳喂养健康教育的实施效果.方法 便利选取行剖宫产术的初产妇及配偶为研究对象,随机分为两组,入住产科A区(n=63)为对照组,按常规以初产妇为主体实施母乳喂养健康教育;入住产科B区(n=64)为观察组,实施基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程的母乳喂养健康教育管理.比较干预前后两组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能、初产妇母乳喂养自我效能和产后6周内纯母乳喂养率.结果 干预后观察组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能、初产妇母乳喂养自我效能评分和产后6周内纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程的健康教育可发挥初产妇配偶支持母乳喂养的积极作用,提高初产妇母乳喂养自我效能和产后纯母乳喂养率.     

照料失能配偶对老年女性抑郁程度的影响--基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

目的:研究照料失能配偶对老年女性抑郁程度的影响。方法:利用“中国健康与养老追踪调查”2015年全国数据,通过工具变量回归进行分析。结果:相比于没有照料配偶的女性,参与配偶照料的女性抑郁得分更高(P<0.01)。结论:提供长期照料会增加老年女性的抑郁程度。制定老年长期照料政策时应关注女性照料者的心理健康。     

Supportive and Negative Responses in the Partner Relationship: Their Association with Psychological Adjustment Among Individuals with Cancer

This study examined the association between positive and negative aspects of spouse responses and psychological adjustment among 15S individuals with cancer. Two contextual variables, gender and disease-related functional impairment, were taken into account when examining the association between spouse responses and patient psychological distress and well-being. Results indicated that negative aspects of close relationships played a comparatively stronger role than positive aspects in their associations with both psychological distress and well-being. For negative spouse responses, patient gender did not moderate the effects of these responses upon psychological outcomes. For positive aspects of spouse support, both gender and functional disability moderated the association between spouse support and psychological outcomes. These findings are integrated with the general literature on positive and negative aspects of close relationships. Implications for clinical interventions are also discussed.     

Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries

Objective. To quantify the effects of informal caregiver availability and public funding on formal long-term care (LTC) expenditures in developed countries.
Data Source/Study Setting. Secondary data were acquired for 15 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2000.
Study Design. Secondary data analysis, applying fixed- and random-effects models to time-series cross-sectional data. Outcome variables are inpatient or home heath LTC expenditures. Key explanatory variables are measures of the availability of informal caregivers, generosity in public funding for formal LTC, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population.
Data Collection/Extraction Method. Aggregated macro data were obtained from OECD Health Data, United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, and U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base.
Principal Findings. Most of the 15 OECD countries experienced growth in LTC expenditures over the study period. The availability of a spouse caregiver, measured by male-to-female ratio among the elderly, is associated with a $28,840 (1995 U.S. dollars) annual reduction in formal LTC expenditure per additional elderly male. Availability of an adult child caregiver, measured by female labor force participation and full-time/part-time status shift, is associated with a reduction of $310 to $3,830 in LTC expenditures. These impacts on LTC expenditure vary across countries and across time within a country.
Conclusions. The availability of an informal caregiver, particularly a spouse caregiver, is among the most important factors explaining variation in LTC expenditure growth. Long-term care policies should take into account behavioral responses: decreased public funding in LTC may lead working women to leave the labor force to provide more informal care.     

配偶夫妻疾病沟通与肠造口患者感知社会约束的交叉滞后模型

目的 探讨SHEL事故分析法在院前急救护理安全管理中的应用效果.方法 应用SHEL事故分析法对2010年1月至2011年12月院前急救护理工作中出现的25例次护理缺陷进行分析,制定护理安全管理措施并进行针对性的管理.结果 加强护理安全管理后,2012年1～12月发生护理缺陷4例次,较管理前(25例次)显著减少(P＜0.05).结论 应用SHEL事故分析法对院前急救护理缺陷进行原因分析,针对性的制定护理安全管理措施,能明显降低护理缺陷的发生,保证护理安全.     

终末期病人配偶照顾者体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统总结终末期病人配偶体验的质性研究,为构建基于配偶体验的支持方案提供依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、MEDLINE、EMbase、中国知网、CBM、万方数据库、VIP数据库,搜集有关终末期患者配偶照顾者体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2020年1月。采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准（2017版）评价文献质量,使用Nvivo 11软件通过汇集性整合的方法进行结果整合。结果 共纳入12项研究,提炼出14个明确的研究结果,将相似的研究结果归纳形成8个新类别,得出2个整合结果。整合结果1：配偶照顾病人时的资源、动机、行为、感受和困境;整合结果2：病人死亡临近对夫妻关系、配偶的态度和感受的影响。结论 配偶在照顾终末期病人时有丰富的体验,专业人员应关注配偶的积极体验、夫妻关系变化和面对死亡时的态度;促进配偶与相同处境的人共享经验、增加与病人的沟通。     

The health impacts of international migration on Mexican women

Abstract

Mexican migration to the USA is a phenomenon that affects a significant number of Mexican households. In the area of health, considerable research has been devoted to international migrants, but less is known about the health impacts of migration on other household members, particularly the wives of migrants. I used data from the Mexican Migration Project to investigate the health impacts of having a migrant husband. As part of my analysis I explored the relationship between the husbands’ migration and several health conditions and behaviours among the wives. In contrast to existing research on the subject, I also considered whether the amount of time the husband spent in the US mediates the relationship between migration and health. Finally, I addressed the possibility that the wives of migrants differ in their initial health endowments from the wives of non-migrants. I found that despite having similar initial health endowments, the wives of migrants have poorer mental health, a higher prevalence of heart disease, and they are more likely to be obese or overweight than the wives of non-migrants.     

乳腺癌对年轻未育病人配偶心理影响的质性研究

目的:了解乳腺癌对年轻未育病人配偶心理的影响。方法:采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法对10例年轻未育乳腺癌病人配偶的心理问题进行深入访谈。结果:提炼出强烈不确定感、配偶角色改变、对术后身体缺陷的感受、责任及适应力的改变、渴望了解疾病相关知识5个主题。结论:乳腺癌对年轻未育病人配偶的心理影响比较严重,医护人员在对乳腺癌病人进行诊治同时应密切注意配偶这一高危人群,并对他们进行心理咨询、健康指导、提供疾病信息等干预。