全自动血压计智能校准仪的研发

为了提高血压计校准的速度和准确性,本产品运用新型压力传感器,特殊的8955单片机调压控制程序,很好的解决了血压计(表)的校准问题.     

短时间重复测量血压的波动规律研究

目的 分析血压在短时间内重复测量中的波动规律,比较汞柱式血压计和全自动电子血压计波动规律的差异.方法 利用Y型三通技术,用汞柱式血压计与电子血压计(OMRON HEM-770A)同步测量85名受试者,以汞柱血压作为参考血压分析间隔1～2 min三次测量结果的波动规律,并与电子血压进行比较.结果 三次测量所得参考血压存在规律波动,第二次比第一次平均低3.5/1.8 mm Hg;第三次比第二次低1.8/0.8 mm Hg,后两次的血压波动趋于平稳.与第一次比较,第二次测量95%的个体收缩压波动在-16～9 mm Hg之内,舒张压在-12～8 mm Hg之内;与第二次比较,第三次测量95%的个体收缩压波动在-14～11 mm Hg之内,舒张压在-8～6 mm Hg之内.电子血压计各次读数间也存在相似波动或偏移.结论 人的血压可存在超过10 mm Hg的瞬时波动,电子血压计能较好的记录血压的瞬时变化,不能因两次测量读数不同而轻易怀疑血压计的稳定性.     

Comparison of Two Automatic Devices and the Standard Mercury Sphygmomanometer in Hypertensive Patients

The standard mercury sphygmomanometer (SMS) and two automatic blood pressure recording devices, Dinamap 845 (D) and Sentron (S), were compared by means of a randomized 3-period cross-over experiment. Both devices recorded diastolic BP lower than SMS, on average and for most individual patients. Systolic BP was similar for SMS and S, and slightly lower for D, with variations for individual patients. A second study failed to detect effects of the physician's presence when BP was measured, whereas the difference between D and SMS was substantially confirmed.     

INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE NEWBORN A New, Reliable Method

ABSTRACT: Shaw, A., Maxted, K. J. and Mcdonald, T. H. (Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, Glasgow, and Falkirk and District Royal Infirmary, Falkik, Scotland). Indirect measurement of systolic blood pressure in the newborn. A new reliable method. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 601, 1974.—The accurate measurement of systolic blood pressure in the newborn by non-invasive means has, in the past, proved difficult. A new reliable method has been developed which employs a rigid, hinged cuff to occlude the limb, and a thermistor circuit to detect the pulse. The performance of the device is compared with measurements obtained by direct arterial catheterization and its use in the routine clinical situation is evaluated. This device is significantly more convenient and reliable than present methods. It is small, self-contained and relatively inexpensive to produce.     

The use of a modified sphygmomanometer to detect atrial fibrillation in outpatients

This study was designed to assess the accuracy of a modified sphygmomanometer, that measures pulse irregularity, to detect atrial fibrillation (AF). An irregularity index, defined as the standard deviation of the time intervals between beats divided by the mean of the time intervals, was used to analyze standard 12-lead ECGs from hospitalized patients. A threshold irregularity index was selected such that all ECGs with AF exceeded this irregularity index value. A modified automatic blood pressure monitor was designed to detect AF by calculating the irregularity index of the pulse. The device was used to calculate the irregularity index in an unselected group of outpatients during scheduled office visits in which a standard 12-lead ECG was performed. A total of 125 ECGs, 53 with AF, were analyzed. Using a threshold irregularity index of 0.066, the sensitivity for detecting AF was 100%, the specificity was 92% and diagnostic accuracy 95%. A modified sphygmomanometer was used to analyze the pulse of 450 outpatients, 54 of whom were documented by ECG to be in AF. When paired readings were analyzed, the rhythm was considered to be irregular if both readings were greater than the threshold index. Using a threshold index of 0.06, all the AF patients were correctly identified while 37 non-AF patients also exceeded the threshold irregularity index. In this analysis, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity 91%, and the diagnostic accuracy 92% for detecting AF. The irregularity index determined using a modified sphygmomanometer can accurately identify AF.     

现代血压测量

本文介绍了各种较为常见的血压测量的原理，对比其优缺点及适用范围，为临床及科研工作者较全面地了解现代血压测量提供参考。     

Clinical evaluation of the oscillometric blood pressure monitor in adults and children based on the 1992 AAMI SP-10 standards

Objective and Methods. A noninvasive blood pressure monitor (model BP8800MS, Colin Medical Instruments Corp., San Antonio, TX) that uses the oscillometric principle was evaluated against the manual auscultatory method in 85 adults and 85 children following the requirements of the 1992 AAMI SP-10 standard. This was the first evaluation study of the electronic sphygmomanometers according to the new AAMI standards.Results. In adult subjects, the mean difference and standard deviation of the differences between the oscillometric and auscultatory methods were 2.81 ± 5.35 mm Hg (mean ± SD) for systolic and 0.04 ± 4.90 mm Hg for diastolic; in children, they were 3.18 ± 5.96 mm Hg for systolic and –0.82 ± 5.24 mm Hg for diastolic. Excellent correlation between the oscillometric and auscultatory methods, particularly the diastolic pressure, is due to usage of the Phase V Korotkoff's sounds for auscultatory detection of the diastolic pressure, increased accuracy of the two observers' measurements, and proper selection of cuff sizes depending on the mid-arm circumference. Five different-sized cuffs were used in this study. The cuff-width-to-midarm circumference ratio was adjusted to be 0.4 or larger to minimize the measurement error associated with mismatch of cuff-size/arm-size relationship. The distribution of errors associated with each cuff was nearly the same.Conclusions. The 1992 AAMI SP-10 standards offer a thorough evaluation of the oscillometric sphygmomanometer by enforcing more stringent criteria on (1) agreement between two observers, (2) wide spectrum of blood pressure from hypertensive (above 180 mm Hg) to hypotensive, and (3) data analysis. The oscillometric blood pressure monitor evaluated in this study meets the specifications of the new AAMI SP-10 standards and can offer an accurate, automatic, and noninvasive measure of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults and children. It can safely replace the manual or automatic auscultatory system in various clinical settings.This study was supported in part by a grant in aide from Nippon Colin (Komaki, Japan) and Colin Medical Instruments (San Antonio, TX). The authors acknowledge Dr. James Pool and Ms. Charlyne Allston-Wright of the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, for providing hypertensive subjects. Technical assistance by Ms. Julie Glueck of the Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, is also acknowledged.     

社区高血压患者自备电子血压计监测血压的效果

目的探讨社区高血压患者自备电子血压计监测血压的效果。方法比较患者自备上臂式电子血压计和医院水银柱血压计的测量血压值。结果患者自备的电子血压计与医院水银柱血压计所测血压数值相比差别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,电子血压计使用10年及以上与使用不足10年者,医院水银柱血压计与电子血压计所测的收缩压差值≥10 mm Hg的发生情况差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高血压患者自备电子血压计使用的维护和校正不当影响监测血压的效果。     

高龄患者两种不同测血压方式的效果比较

目的:通过水银血压计和上臂式电子血压计两种不同测量方法的效果比较,找到方便快捷准确的测量血压方法。方法:将高龄高血压患者80例,进行自身对照,先用水银血压计测量,5分钟后再用电子血压计测量,比较前后所测的血压数值,及护士测血压耗时。结果:两种测血压方式所获得的结果无明显差异,电子血压计耗时明显低于水银血压计,P<0.05。结论:采用电子血压计测量血压准确又节时。     

一种便携式血压计电路设计

血压检测对疾病预防和治疗具有重要作用,对危重病人和手术中的病人还需要血压连续监护,以便病人出现意外时医护人员能及时采取救护措施.本文提出了一种无损、快捷的血压计的电路设计和实现方法.首先,系统通过硬件采集电路完成信号的采集以及预处理,再利用微控制器进行信号的A/D转换、存储,所得参数在液晶屏上显示.该电路经过实物样机测试,完全达到实际使用要求,具有安全、可靠等优点.