More than wisdom

This paper presents and interprets empirical findings from field studies in a Bambara village in the Republic of Mali in order to place the traditional position of the elderly in cultural context. The significance of a seniority principle underlying the social structure of African society is emphasized. Thus attitude and behavioral changes which affect the status of the elderly have wider ramifications for the society as a whole. Attention centers on the role of age sets, myth and ritual, ancestor worship and socialization practices as elements of a total cultural system in which the rules of seniority provide an organizing force. In the last section, the ways in which social change threatens the viability of a social system governed by the seniority principle are reviewed. Signs of breaks in the solidarity of the traditional community are noted. Finally, two strategies for improving the position of the elderly in the African countryside as the traditional system disintegrates are proposed.To the people of Sonongo in gratitude.     

Groups for poorly socialized children in the elementary school

Many inner-city children, living in resource-poor violent communities, have low self esteem, deficient social skills and do not know how to prevent and cope with provocation and conflict. A group therapy model is described for assisting elementary school children deal with these problems. Groups were led by volunteer mental health professionals in two inner-city elementary schools.     

关于高校后勤“剥离”的若干问题

“剥离”特指在高校后勤社会化进程之中 ,原来属于高校自身的后勤服务业 ,成建制地分离出去 ,不再属高校领导和管理 ,成为独立的、自负盈亏的实体。本文从研讨高校后勤社会化的内涵、模式以及中小规模高校后勤社会化的特点入手 ,思考“剥离”的有关问题 ,从而明确“剥离”的重要性、复杂性以及方式的多样性。     

高校医院改革应与学校卫生工作相适应

高校医院是保障教学科研、稳定教学秩序、全面推进素质教育、推动学校发展不可缺少的一环,重心是在医疗保健 服务、健康咨询及就医指导上,这与单纯承担医疗任务看病收费的社会医院有很大的不同.高校医院改革应与学校卫生保健需求相适应,以学校卫生工作的根本任务为中心,不能简单地与学校其他后勤部门一样纳入后勤社会化管 理.校医工作是搞好学校卫生工作的关键,只有不断提高校医的业务水平,才能更好地促进学校卫生工作的开展, 使学校卫生工作真正起到服务于培养合格人才的作用.     

女性吸毒人员的吸毒因素、社会化状况及应对措施

目的:了解女性吸毒人员社会化基本状况,并对其应对方式进行分析。方法:问卷调查、个案访谈及对在册病案进行回顾性分析及采用单因素Logistic回归分析。结果:诱发女性吸毒的因素众多,采用单因素Logistic回归分析OR值2 0以上,并有显著性意义的因素有:受教育程度、职业状况、婚姻状况、好奇、同伴影响、感情受挫、寻求刺激和减肥。结论:社会化不足是导致女性吸毒、影响其戒毒和保持戒毒后操守的重要因素,有针对性地对女性吸毒人员实施有效的社会化治疗是必要和有效的。     

“I'm from Europe,but I'm Not European”

This article examines the role television (TV) plays in the development of primary school children's European knowledge and identities in England and Bulgaria. It compares the media coverage on Europe and the European Union with pupils' European perceptions and identities. The article reports data from 174 qualitative interviews with children and the content analysis of seven TV programmes. It concludes that TV plays a strong role in collective identities when a topic is salient on the agenda. TV raises awareness and knowledge and sets the direction of understanding. Yet, despite the higher salience of Europe on the Bulgarian media agenda, Bulgarians feel less European than English children. The article provides an explanation to this phenomenon, thus filling an important gap in the literature about the media's role in collective identities formation from an early age. It also adopts an innovative approach in the study of agenda-setting theory by investigating its application among children.     

Empathy in medical education: A case for social construction

In this brief review, we build upon suggestions in Pedersen’s [1] excellent critical review of empathy research in medical education and make the case for an increase in social constructivist scholarship related to emotions and empathy within medical education contexts. In the process, we define social construction, as well as provide several key opportunities in which these types of theories could provide insights for medical educators.     

The effect of a situation model nursing education action program on gender-bias awareness and gender-friendliness barriers in novice nursing students

AimThis study presents a workshop on the Situation Model Nursing Education Action program, examines how to promote gender awareness and decrease barriers related to differences in gender friendliness through the implementation of this program and tracks the trends of the relevant variables.DesignPre- and post-observations and a cohort study were conducted.MethodsA total of 58 nursing students (42 females and 16 males) were included. Nursing students were offered a gender-care intervention as two 90-minute workshops and surveys that measure gender awareness and gender friendliness were administered.ResultsThe results concerned gender-bias awareness and gender-friendliness barriers scores across the four weeks of the program intervention, with the generalized estimated difference score compared with the Week 1 baseline. Mean student scores showed that gender-bias awareness was significantly decreased at Week 2 (p < .001) and Week 4 (p < .001) and that mean gender-friendliness barrier scores significantly declined at Week 4 (p < .001).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that a faculty professional learning community workshop that facilitates intentional behavioral change can help faculty to become aware of gender bias, which can improve students’ gender awareness through clinical case discussion and lead to a decline in barriers to students’ gender friendliness.     

公立医院职称评审社会化研究

对现行公立医院评审制度进行阐述并分析其存在的主要问题。面对当前现实,在保留公立医院职称制度的前提下,对职称评审制度提出改革建议。建议采取社会化的评审方式,以打破公立医院和行政机关对于职称评审的垄断。从公立医院职称评审主体、标准、程序、公开化、法治化和信息化等六个方面论述了评审社会化改革的路径。