通脉络胶囊抗心肌缺血和耐常压缺氧作用的研究

目的：研究通脉络胶囊对实验动物的抗心肌缺血和耐常压缺氧作用,为临床用药提供依据。方法：给兔耳静脉注射脑垂体后叶素,造成急性心肌缺血状态,以心电图ＳＴ段及Ｔ波产生的变化为指标,来研究通脉络胶囊对抗垂体后叶素引起的兔心肌缺血作用;将小鼠放在密闭的容器中造成缺氧环境,以小鼠在常压缺氧条件下呼吸停止的时间为指标,来研究小鼠的耐常压缺氧作用。各实验均设四组动物：通脉络胶囊高、低剂量组、复方丹参片组、水对照组。结果：通脉络胶囊高剂量组与对照组比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;低剂量组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。与复方丹参片组比较,抗心肌缺血作用无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;耐常压缺氧作用的高剂量组有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：通脉络胶囊有显著的抗心肌缺血作用和耐常压缺氧作用,它的疗效与剂量有依赖关系;抗心肌缺血作用与复方丹参片近似,耐常压缺氧作用远较复方丹参片强。     

Doses per vaccine vial container: An understated and underestimated driver of performance that needs more evidence

The widespread use of multidose vaccine containers in low and middle income countries’ immunization programs is assumed to have multiple benefits and efficiencies for health systems, yet the broader impacts on immunization coverage, costs, and safety are not well understood. To document what is known on this topic, how it has been studied, and confirm the gaps in evidence that allow us to assess the complex system interactions, the authors undertook a review of published literature that explored the relationship between doses per container and immunization systems. The relationships examined in this study are organized within a systems framework consisting of operational costs, timely coverage, safety, product costs/wastage, and policy/correct use, with the idea that a change in dose per container affects all of them, and the optimal solution will depend on what is prioritized and used to measure performance.Studies on this topic are limited and largely rely on modeling to assess the relationship between doses per container and other aspects of immunization systems. Very few studies attempt to look at how a change in doses per container affects vaccination coverage rates and other systems components simultaneously. This article summarizes the published knowledge on this topic to date and suggests areas of current and future research to ultimately improve decision making around vaccine doses per container and increase understanding of how this decision relates to other program goals.     

生活垃圾集装箱在集装化转运系统中的改进技术研究

为延长生活垃圾集装箱及其零配件的使用寿命,以及解决箱门无法正常开闭和在运输途中的垃圾渗沥液渗漏问题,对部分零部件(扇齿轮、水平杆、兼容箱箱门门框密封技术)进行了技术革新,有效缓解了现存的问题.     

探索基于码头完全信息化的空箱码头查验模式

目的大力推进码头信息化建设,分析和探索先进的进境集装箱空箱检疫模式,以完善空箱检疫机制,有效防范疫病疫情和有毒有害物质传播入境。方法借鉴国内外先进口岸的进境集装箱空箱检疫模式和码头信息化建设,分析现有模式的弊端及工作中存在的问题,探讨进境空箱的检疫风险,研究进境空箱检疫新模式及与之配套的口岸码头信息化建设。结果进境集装箱空箱检疫风险较大且复杂,现有的堆场查验模式常出现漏检现象,码头信息化管理落后,无法将检关港高效有序协调起来,大大降低了工作效率和服务质量。结论现有进境集装箱空箱检疫模式存在的问题不容忽视,需积极推进口岸码头的信息化建设,并在此基础上积极稳妥地探索和实践空箱检疫码头查验新模式。     

白龙港深度脱水污泥集装化运输陆运方案比较研究

针对上海市白龙港污水处理厂深度脱水污泥的集装化运输,提出了3种不同的陆运方案,并对建设周期、设备投资、人员配置、运行经济性、工程验证、以及现有生活垃圾集装化运输的影响等进行了综合分析。工程验证结果表明:推荐采用集装箱竖式装料、竖式短驳车和运输车进行短驳和运输的方案2,不仅人员配置少,且对现有生活垃圾集装化运输无影响。     

Occurrence, productivity and spatial distribution of key-premises in two dengue-endemic areas of Rio de Janeiro and their role in adult Aedes aegypti spatial infestation pattern

Objectives To evaluate: (1) the occurrence, maintenance, productivity, spatial distribution and premise condition index score of Adese aegypti‐infested houses and key‐premises in a suburban district (Tubiacanga) and a slum (Favela do Amorim) of Rio de Janeiro and (2) the role of these factors in adult Ae. aegypti female spatial distribution. Methods and Results A total of 2456 premises were inspected for immature and 1100 for adult collection. Key‐premises corresponded to 16.08% and 17.86% of infested houses in Tubiacanga, and 13.5% and 11.1% in Favela do Amorim, during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Key‐premises held significantly more immature Ae. aegypti, pupae and larvae than infested houses in Favela do Amorim and Tubiacanga during the dry and wet seasons. In Favela do Amorim, key‐premises had a significantly higher PCI score than infested but non‐key houses. Conclusion The spatial distribution of key‐premises and adult Ae. aegypti females was often congruent, indicating that key‐premises influence the infestation pattern observed in the study areas.     

从马王堆汉墓出土香物探讨楚地香文化及其医学运用

本文通过对马王堆汉墓出土香物,展开对该时期楚地用香的文化意义及医学运用的探讨。楚地香文化历史“从上古矣”,马王堆汉墓处在植物类香料使用的鼎盛时期。其香料运用有祭祀、礼制、卫生、医学等方面,其中重点通过环境医学、社会医学及临床医学三部分对楚地香文化的医学运用进行讨论。     

上海市生活垃圾内河集装箱运输优势的探讨

对上海市生活垃圾的运输河道进行水质取样分析,讨论内河集装箱运输模式的优势及其改善水体状况的作用。     

FDA对眼用制剂的质量研究要求及启示

美国食品药品管理局(FDA)于2023年12月28日发布了题为"局部外用眼科药品的质量考虑"的指导原则草案,对2023年10月发布的同名指导原则草案进行了修订。该指导原则草案讨论了用于眼内和眼周局部给药的眼用产品,包括凝胶、软膏、乳膏和液体制剂等剂型的眼用制剂的一些质量考虑,涵盖质量研究中微生物学、可见颗粒物、可提取物和可浸出物、杂质和降解产物、稳定性研究5个方面,并对容器密封系统(CCS)设计等提出了相关建议。详细介绍FDA该指导原则草案主要内容,期望对该类药物的研发和质量评价有所启示。     

应用六西格玛统计技术对A型肉毒毒素中间品量器的分析

目的应用六西格玛(6σ)统计技术对A型肉毒毒素中间品取用时所用的量出式量器进行分析研究。方法以偏倚-线性做考察指标研究对比分度吸管及移液器的准确度,对吸管进行变异源分析(单因素、双因素交叉及嵌套设计分析)。结果分度吸管未发生偏倚,较移液器具有更好的准确度;人员、操作批次对吸管量取效果无显著影响,吸管间的差异是主要影响因素。结论通过对测量得出的结果进行分析,确定吸管和三通吸球为最佳量器组合,同时吸管间的差异是影响其的主要因素。