Evaluating a Food Pantry–Based Intervention to Improve Food Security,Dietary Intake,and Quality in Midwestern Food Pantries

BackgroundVoices for Food was a longitudinal community, food pantry–based intervention informed by the social ecological model, and designed to improve food security, dietary intake, and quality among clients, which was carried out in 24 rural food pantries across 6 Midwestern states.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate changes in adult food security, dietary intake, and quality from baseline (2014) to follow-up (2016), and to assess the role of adult food security on dietary outcomes.DesignA multistate, longitudinal, quasi-experimental intervention with matched treatment and comparison design was used to evaluate treatment vs comparison group changes over time and changes in both groups over time.Participants/settingAdult food pantry clients (n = 617) completed a demographic food security survey, and up to three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (n = 590) and follow-up (n = 160).InterventionCommunity coaching served as the experimental component, which only “treatment” communities received, and a food council guide and food pantry toolkit were provided to both “treatment” and matched “comparison” communities.Main outcome measuresChange in adult food security status, mean usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores were the main outcome measures.Statistical analyses performedLinear mixed models estimated changes in outcomes by intervention group and by adult food security status over time.ResultsImprovements in adult food security score (–0.7 ± 0.3; P = .01), Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score (4.2 ± 1.1; P < .0001), and empty calories component score (3.4 ± 0.5; P <.0001) from baseline to follow-up were observed in treatment and comparison groups, but no statistically significant changes were found for adult food security status, dietary quality, and usual intakes of nutrients and food groups between the 2 groups over time. The intervention effect on dietary quality and usual intake changes over time by adult food security status were also not observed.ConclusionsFood pantry clients in treatment and comparison groups had higher food security and dietary quality at the follow-up evaluation of the Voices for Food intervention trial compared with baseline, despite the lack of difference among the groups as a result of the experimental coaching component.     

论当前疾病预防控制体系面临的主要问题

对当前的疾病预防控制体系和机构面临的体系不健全、政府投入不充分、事业发展不平衡、人才缺失和能力不足、缺乏系统的理论指导、体系的碎片化严重、与社会经济发展的战略衔接不力、机构内部内生动力和活力不足以及体系治理能力不足等问题做了讨论分析,以期进一步分析在健康中国战略和事业单位机构改革等宏观环境变化所带来的机遇以及疾控体系的发展策略和具体措施,促进疾病预防控制事业在改革中谋发展。     

Substance use and associated emotional and behavioral problems in Nepalese adolescents

Background: Research has demonstrated that problem behavior has been associated with substance use, but knowledge is lacking on such associations in a low-income country like Nepal. Aims: This study aimed to find associations between emotional and behavioral problems and substance use among Nepalese adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the end of 2011, with participants from three schools in the Province 4 of Nepal. We selected 408 adolescents aged 12 to 18 (mean 15.2 years, 54% boys) at one urban and two rural schools. The data were collected using the Youth Self-Report and Adolescents’ Substance Use Measurement. Results: Higher scores on withdrawn/depressed symptoms, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent or aggressive behavior or internalizing or externalizing problems were associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol or other substances. In the broadband scales, only internalizing problems predicted the use of intoxicants. Higher scores for attention problems predicted the use of tobacco, any intoxicants, and high-risk user. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that problem behavior among Nepalese adolescents was associated with substance use. Future studies should explore the association between problem behavior and substance use, including causal factors, so that risky behavior among Nepalese adolescents can be prevented.     

一种面向中医药数据的高效脱敏算法＊

目的 针对中医药大数据平台传统的加密方案效率不高的问题，提出一种高效的基于属性的内积加密的数据脱敏算法。方法 Hash（哈希）算法是应用广泛的高效的数据加密方法，但传统的哈希算法基于单一的控制策略，效率不高。本文提出一种基于属性的内积加密的数据脱敏算法，把批量的敏感数据分割为不同长度数据颗粒度，与特定密文的哈希进行内积处理。结果 在面对中医药大数据平台的海量数据加密的场景，与传统的哈希加密算法相比，本文提供的加密算法具有很好的性能。结论 为了保障个人隐私数据不被泄露，中医药大数据平台中的个人医疗数据需要加密脱敏后，才能进行分析处理或对外发布。本文提出的算法具备灵活的数据颗粒度、策略和高效的性能表现，适用于海量的中医药数据脱敏。     

嘉兴市新居民儿童心理发育行为问题及影响因素分析

目的调查嘉兴市新居民儿童心理发育行为问题及影响因素，为改善新居民儿童心理健康提供理论依据。方法随机抽取新居民儿童548例，本地儿童1248例，采用自编量表评估儿童家庭影响因素，长处与困难问卷评估儿童心理发育行为问题，心理痛苦温度计评估主观心理痛苦程度，儿童心理虐待与忽视量表评估家庭教养方式，社会支持量表评估社会支持程度。结果新居民儿童主观评定心理痛苦程度高于本地儿童（P=0.002）。新居民儿童亲社会化行为低于本地儿童（P=0.000），多动/注意缺陷问题高于本地儿童（P=0.011）。儿童忽视虐待量表本地儿童5个因子得分低于新居民儿童：责骂因子（P=0.000）、恐吓因子（P=0.000）、情感忽视因子（P=0.000）、教育忽视因子（P=0.000）、身体忽视因子（P=0.000）。社会支持量表本地儿童3个因子得分均高于新居民儿童：客观支持（P=0.032）、主观支持（P=0.000）、对支持的利用度（P=0.000）。新居民儿童在新居民儿童学校、混合学校、本地儿童学校的3类学校中亲社会化行为、忽视因子、虐待因子、社会支持均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）。结论新居民儿童较本地儿童心理发育行为明显落后，良好的家庭教养方式和有效的社会支持系统能够更快更好地促进其身心发育。     

Enhancing medical radiation science education through a design science research methodology

Recently, there has been a call for research-informed and research-developed practice in health sciences education. This prompts the consideration of alternative suitable research approaches that could be used to enhance health sciences education practice, including medical radiation sciences education (MRSE) practice. In this discussion paper, the authors uphold design science research (DSR) methodology as a suitable research approach to enhance MRSE practice and research. An overview of the DSR methodology and an example of a project that used DSR methodology are presented to demonstrate the application of this methodology in MRSE practice and research. The paper concludes that the use of DSR methodology could be instrumental in addressing practice related challenges while developing a theoretical contribution to the discipline.     

Convergent Reliability and Validity of the Questions About Behavioral Function and the Motivation Assessment Scale: A Replication Study

This study compared key psychometric properties of the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) and the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) and explored their convergent validity. Twenty adults with mental retardation and problem behaviors (aggression, self-injury, or property destruction) and 31 respondents participated. Test–retest reliability of the subscales in both scales was good to excellent (Cicchetti, D. V., 1994, Psychol. Assess. 6: 284–290), and—except for 1 QABF subscale—internal consistency was good considering the small number of items and the purpose of the scale. Consistent with some earlier studies, interrater reliability was less satisfactory with both scales falling only into the fair to good range.Correlations between functionally equivalent subscales were statistically significant and were generally higher than correlations between nonequivalent subscales. The QABF and the MAS were found to be comparable in terms of the assessed reliabilities, and both instruments appear to be measuring very similar constructs.