Recent advances of laparoscopic approach in adnexal torsion of premenarcheal girls

The adnexal torsion is an uncommon gynaecological emergency; however, it must be excluded in young girls in order to conserve their future ovarian function and fertility. The diagnosis of adnexal torsion is particularly difficult in girls before the menarche during which time the clinical examination is very delicate. We review the recent literature and laparoscopic advances in this domain and propose a management algorithm.     

乌鲁木齐市维汉族学龄儿童细胞免疫功能及影响因素的探讨

本文应用植物血凝素(PHA)检测了乌市维汉族学龄儿童的细胞免疫功能。结果表明,汉族儿童的PHA红斑直径均值高于维族,不论维汉族男女生均以9～10岁年龄段PHA红斑均值最大,并有随年龄增加而下降的趋势。同时对缺铁性贫血、生长发育水平及营养状况对细胞免疫功能的影响进行了初步探讨。     

学龄期儿童记忆发展特点研究

目的:研究学龄期儿童记忆发展特点.方法:以285名7-15岁儿童为研究对象,以龚氏记忆成套测验(儿童本)为测评工具,以7岁组平均成绩为基线值,观察各分测验及各项记忆指数随年龄发展的特点.结果:理解记忆、联想记忆、听觉广度等分测验成绩在整个学龄期持续上升,于13岁左右达到峰值;图片记忆、空间广度等分测验成绩在7-11岁之间上升较快,11岁以后不再有明显上升;再认测验成绩在整个学龄期有上升,但上升趋势平缓,幅度小.结论:学龄期儿童各种记忆能力均有明显提高,但不同记忆成分的发展特点不同.听觉记忆上升时间长,达到成熟的时间晚,视觉记忆达到成熟的时间较早,再认记忆成绩上升幅度最小.     

住院网络成瘾青少年的父母养育方式与人格特征

目的探讨住院网络成瘾(Internet Addiction Disorder,IAD)青少年的父母养育方式及人格特征。方法采用网络成瘾临床诊断标准、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),父母养育方式评定量表(EMBU),对596名被诊断为IAD的青少年施测,比较住院IAD者与对照组的差异。结果IAD青少年父亲情感温暖(FF1)分值低于对照组,过分干涉(FF3)、拒绝否认(FF5)分值高于对照组。IAD青少年的母亲情感温暖(MF1)分值亦低于对照组,而过分干涉保护(MF2)、拒绝否认(MF3)及惩罚严厉(MF4)因子均高于对照组(P<0.01)。IAD青少年的内外向(E)因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)、精神质(P)因子分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论住院IAD青少年存在不良的家庭教养方式,同时存在人格问题。     

Determination of an Acceptable Portion Size of Daal for a Bangladeshi Community-Based Iron Intervention in Adolescent Girls: A Feasibility Study

Widely consumed daal (lentils) in Bangladesh are an ideal vehicle for iron (Fe) fortification; however, an acceptable portion size in meals needs to be determined to carry out a community feeding study in at-risk adolescent girls. A non-randomized crossover trial was conducted with n = 100 Bangladeshi girls (12.9 ± 2.0 years of age). Two recipes (thin and thick) and three portion sizes (25 g, 37.5 g, 50 g of raw lentil) of daal were served with 250 g of cooked white rice in a counter-balanced manner over 12 weeks. Each meal was fed to participants 5 days/week for two weeks. Ratings of hunger, satiety, and palatability were measured before and after each meal using Visual Analog Scales (VAS). The thick preparation in the 37.5 g portion (~200 g cooked) elicited higher VAS ratings of hunger, satiety, and palatability compared to all other meals. The 50 g portion of the thin preparation had VAS ratings similar to those of the 37.5 g thick preparation. Consuming the 37.5 g portion of fortified daal would provide 6.9 mg Fe/day to girls in a community-based effectiveness study. This would meet ~86% and ~46% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Fe for girls aged 9–13 and 14–18 years, respectively.     

宁夏2196名学龄儿童血清锌含量测定

目的 :检测分析宁夏地区学龄儿童血清微量元素锌的含量。方法 :采用原子吸收分光光度计对宁夏地区 2 1 96名学龄儿童血清微量元素锌进行测定。结果 :被测学龄儿童血清锌含量为 75.86±2 3 .2 0 μg/dl。男童血清锌值高于女童 ( P >0 0 5) ;汉族高于其他少数民族 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ;吴忠市高于银川市和石嘴山市 (P <0 0 0 1 )。结论 :此数据对评估本地区儿童锌营养状况有参考意义。     

Body mass index percentiles among adolescent girls living in Edirne, Turkey

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is the simplest way to measure obesity; therefore, it is chosen by many authorities as a screening method for adolescent obesity. Body mass index is positively correlated with the complications of childhood and adolescent obesity, such as hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, hyper-tension and long-term development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to produce percentile curves for bodyweight, height and BMI in a representative sample of adolescent girls living in urban and rural areas of Edirne, Turkey, and to compare these percentile curves with curves from other countries. METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of 1687 adolescent girls from rural and urban areas of Edirne, who were evaluated between May and July 2001. Bodyweight and height were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated as the ratio of bodyweight to body height squared. Smoothed percentiles for these variables were calculated using polynominal regression models. Crude weight, height and BMI percentile values, as well as smoothed percentile curves are presented. RESULTS: Body mass index, weight and height reference curves for adolescent girls were produced. When we compared the BMI values of subjects in the present study with those of other countries, 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI in the present study were found to be generally lower than those for other ethnicities. CONCLUSION: Our findings show ethnic differences in BMI among adolescent girls. It will be usefull for each country to produce its own BMI percentiles.     

Evaluation of an internet-based speech-in-noise screening test for school-age children

Objective: To evaluate a Dutch online speech-in-noise screening test (in Dutch: “Kinderhoortest”) in normal-hearing school-age children. Sub-aims were to study test–retest reliability, and the effects of presentation type and age on test results. Design: An observational cross-sectional study at school. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were obtained through the online test in a training condition, and two test conditions: on a desktop computer and smartphone. The order of the test conditions was counterbalanced. Study sample: Ninety-four children participated (5–12 years), of which 75 children were normal-hearing (≤25?dB HL at 0.5?kHz,?≤20?dB HL at 1–4?kHz). Results: There was a significant effect for test order for the two test conditions (first or second test), but not for presentation type (desktop computer or smartphone) (repeated measures analyses, F(1,75)?=?12.48, p?F(1,75)?=?0.01, p?=?0.982). SRT significantly improved by age year (first test: 0.25?dB SNR, 95% CI: –0.43 to –0.08, p?=?0.004. Second test: 0.29?dB SNR, 95% CI: –0.46 to –0.11; p?=?0.002). Conclusions: The online test shows potential for routine-hearing screening of school-age children, and can be presented on either a desktop computer or smartphone. The test should be evaluated further in order to establish sensitivity and specificity for hearing loss in children.     

Cluster analysis and food group consumption in a national sample of Australian girls

Background: Food preferences develop early in life and track into later life. There is limited information on food consumption and dietary patterns in Australian girls. The present study aimed to: (i) determine the frequency of food groups consumed over 1 day; (ii) identify dietary clusters based on food group consumption; and (iii) compare dietary intakes and activity variables between clusters. Methods: A cross‐sectional analysis of 9–16‐year‐old girls (n = 1114) from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was performed. Results: Over the whole day, 30% of all girls consumed carbonated sugar drinks, 46% consumed take‐away food, 56% consumed fruit, 70% consumed at least one vegetable, and 19% and 30% consumed white and/or red meat, respectively. K‐means cluster analysis derived four clusters. Approximately one‐third of girls were identified in a Meat and vegetable cluster; these girls had the highest intakes of red meat and vegetables, and tended to have higher intakes of fruit, whole grain breads, low fat yoghurt, and lower intakes of take‐away foods and soft drinks. They also had the highest intakes of protein, fibre and micronutrients; and tended to perform more physical activity, compared to girls in the remaining clusters. Conclusions: Girls identified in the Meat and vegetable cluster, on average, consumed more lean red meat, vegetables, fruits, and low‐fat dairy products, and had a higher intakes of many nutrients. The high percentage of girls not identified in this cluster suggests the need to inform them on how to make healthy, nutrient dense food choices, and why they require increased nutrient intakes at this time.     

女性初潮前后骨代谢生化因子与雌激素、瘦体重相关分析

目的:探讨女性骨代谢生化因子骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)在初潮前后的变化特征及其相关影响因素。方法:以平均年龄(11.4±0.6)岁的115名小学女生为对象,测量其身高(H)、体重(W)、脂肪含量(FM)、瘦体重含量(LM),血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、性激素结合蛋白(SHBG)及血清OC、BAP和TRAP。随访获得实验对象的初潮时间,以测量时相距初潮的时间作为自变量,拟合骨代谢生化因子及相关指标的回归曲线方程。采用偏相关方法检测骨代谢生化标志物与其影响因素之间的相关性。结果:初潮前呈上升趋势的OC、BAP在初潮时显著下降,而TRAP从初潮前至初潮一直下降。从初潮前至初潮,H与BAP(r=0.22,P=0.001)、OC(r=0.21,P=0.002)和TRAP(r=0.14,P=0.04)显著相关,E2、LM与BAP(E2:r=0.2,P=0.003;LM:r=0.15,P=0.029)、OC(E2:r=0.34,P<0.0001;LM:r=0.30,P<0.0001)也显著相关,与TRAP无明显相关。结果表明:女性初潮时骨代谢速度明显减慢,身高增长与骨代谢密切相关,雌激素和瘦体重含量是骨组织代谢的相关影响因素。