PCR-SSCP法检测结核分枝杆菌耐药性

目的：探讨耐多药结核分枝杆菌耐药基因突变与耐药性的关系以及聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析(poly merase chain reaction-single strand cinfomlation polymorphism，PCR-SSCP)方法的临床应用价值。方法：用PCR-SSCP方法检测58株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株katG，rpoB，rpsL基因突变并与常规药敏试验检测结果进行对比。结果：经常规药敏试验检测，58株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中共有41株耐药，其中，耐异烟肼(INH)为35株，高耐药株27株；耐利福平(RFP)为31株，高耐药株24株；耐链霉素(SM)有31株，高耐药株26株。同时耐3种药物的有21株(51．2％)，耐2种药物的14株(34．1％)，单耐药株6株(14．6％)．PCR-SSCP方法对58株临床分离株katG，rpoB，rpsL基因突变的检测率为40％(23／58)，45％(26／58)，38％(22／58)，其中检出3个基因同时突变的有13株(32％)，2种基因突变的12株(29％)，1种基因突变的有10株(23．8％)．常规药敏试验与PCR-SSCP法检出结核分枝杆菌同时耐3种药物的符合率为61．9％(13／21)，检出耐2种药物的符合率为85．70k，(12／14)，检出耐1种药物的符合率为50％(3／6)．高耐药株中突变率为80．5％(62／77)，低耐药株中突变率为60％(12／20)．结论：PCR-SS-CP方法对耐2种以上药物的结核杆菌检出率较高，且耐药基因突变率随着耐药浓度增高而增高。将PCR-SSCP法与药敏试验联合应用可互相弥补，已成为临床指导用药的好方法。     

In-vitro activity of rifabutin against rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with known rpoB mutations

The relationship between resistance to rifampicin and rifabutin and genetic alterations in the rpoB gene of 41 rifampicin-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated. Although 35 isolates with rifampicin MICs > or = 32 mg/L were also rifabutin-resistant, six isolates with rifampicin MICs of 2-16 mg/L were susceptible to rifabutin (MIC < or = 0.5 mg/L). Mutations Asp516Val, Asp516Tyr, Leu533Pro and the double mutation Met515Ile and Leu533Pro influenced susceptibility to rifampicin, but not to rifabutin. All mutations at codons 531 and 526, except one isolate with a His526Cys mutation, correlated with resistance to both compounds.     

单链构象多态性分析技术检测结核杆菌利福平耐药基因

目的：研究本地区临床分离结核杆菌ｒｐｏＢ基因突变与利福平（ＲＦＰ）耐药性的关系。方法：对３６株ＲＦＰ敏感株和４４株ＲＦＰ耐药株ｒｐｏＢ基因的３２８ｂｐ的ＰＣＲ扩增产物进行单链构象多态性（Ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｓｔｒａｎｄ ｃｏｍｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ,ＳＳＣＰ）分析。结果：３６株ＲＦＰ敏感株的ＳＳＣＰ带谱均与参考株Ｈ３７Ｒｖ相同,４４株ＲＦＰ耐药株中,２５株高度ＲＦＰ耐药株和１１株低度ＲＦＰ耐药株的ＳＳＣＰ带谱与Ｈ３７Ｒｖ带谱有差异;另８株低度ＲＦＰ耐药株的ＳＳＣＰ带谱与Ｈ３７Ｒｖ带谱相同。结论：ＳＳＣＰ分析可检测出ｒｐｏＢ基因突变,该基因突变与本地区临床分离结核杆菌对ＲＦＰ耐药有关。     

耐多药结核分枝杆菌三种基因的快速检测

目的 :探讨耐多药结核分枝杆菌耐药基因突变与耐药性的关系。方法 :采用 PCR和 PCR- DS技术对 5 7例耐多药结核临床分离株进行 kat G、rpo B和 emb B基因检测和序列分析。结果 :耐 INH(kat G)、RFP(rpo B)、EMB(emb B)基因突变率分别为 6 3.8%、90 .7%、37.1% ,其中同时耐 INH(kat G)和 RFP(rpo B)基因突变率为 5 4 .1% ,同时耐三种药的基因突变率为 6 5 .6 %。结论 :PCR- DS法对耐两种或两种以上药物的结核检出率较高 ,与传统药敏试验互相弥补 ,对临床用药有指导意义。     

Molecular characterization of resistance to rifampicin in clinical isolates of Neisseria meningitidis

Among 3904 meningococcal isolates collected between October 2002 and June 2007 by the French Meningococcal Reference Centre, eight (0.20%) were resistant to rifampicin (Rif-R; MIC >1 mg/L) and 27 (0.69%) were intermediate-resistant to rifampicin (Rif-I; MICs between 0.38 mg/L and 1 mg/L) according to the E-test method. The MICs determined by agar dilution were lower, eliminating the E-test intermediate category. All Rif-R isolates had mutations in the rpoB gene, resulting in substitutions at or near amino acid position 552, which were absent in non-resistant isolates. These data suggest that a rifampicin clinical breakpoint of 1.0 mg/L should be adopted for Neisseria meningitidis .     

结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因突变特征的初步探讨

目的 了解浙江省耐利福平结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因突变特征.方法 对65株临床分离菌株rpoB基因509-631位点分别进行PCR-SSCP检测和DNA序列测定,观察不同耐药株rpoB基因突变的规律.结果 耐利福平分离株96.4%（27/28）存在rpoB基因突变,其中526位突变率64.3%（18/28）,513位突变率21.4%（6/28）,531位突变率7.1%（2/28）,529位突变率3.6%（1/28）;耐其他抗结核药18.5%（5/27）存在rpoB基因突变,突变位点具有随机性.所有敏感菌株均无突变.结论 rpoB基因突变与利福平耐药密切相关,浙江省rpoB基因突变主要以526位突变为主,其次为513位,两者占总数的86%（24/28）,而耐其他抗结核药菌株也存在rpoB基因的突变,但没有明显规律,且均对利福平敏感.     

First case report of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Mycobacterium wolinskyi

To date, only 26 cases of Mycobacterium wolinskyi infections have been reported in humans. We herein report a first case of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to this organism after cardiovascular surgery. An 82-year-old man presented with repeat episodes of syncope and fever after aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, left atrial appendage closure, and pulmonary vein isolation. Blood cultures maintained in aerobic bottles were repeatedly positive after 90–100 hours, and Gallium scan revealed abnormal accumulations in the sternum and left testis. While colonies formed by culturing the fluid of the parasternal area and blood cultures revealed gram-positive rods, we could not analyze the colony using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). M. wolinskyi was finally identified on 16S rRNA, hsp65, and rpoB gene sequencing. We treated the patient with multiple antimycobacterial drugs, i.e., amikacin, imipenem, and clarithromycin for 6 weeks, which was changed to oral ciprofloxacin and minocycline for 12 months. This case highlights the need to consider rapidly growing mycobacteria, including M. wolinskyi, if chronic fever persists from weeks to months after surgery, the blood culture is positive, and the organism is not identified. In addition, sequencing the 16S rRNA, hsp65, and rpoB genes is essential for diagnosis.     

脓肿分支杆菌耐利福平情况及rpoB基因序列的研究

目的 研究脓肿分支杆菌对利福平的耐受程度，并观察不同耐药性的细菌是否存在rpoB基因的突变和突变的性质。方法 用生化法和聚合酶链反应—限制片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）法鉴定15例脓肿分支杆菌菌种，测定这些临床病株及标准株ATCC19977对利福平的最低抑菌浓度（MIC），并用PCR方法扩增rpoB的部分序列，直接测序分析。结果 15例脓肿分支杆菌有1株敏感，其余14株与标准株均有较高的MIC；各菌株rpoB基因突变集结区和第146位密码子的核苷酸序列虽有不同，但其编码的氨基酸序列在所有菌株中均相同，而且与结核分支杆菌标准株同一部位的氨基酸序列也完全一致。结论 脓肿分支杆菌对利福平具有较高的耐受性，其耐药机制并不是由于这些部位的rpoB基因的变异所致。     

结核分枝杆菌稳定L型利福平耐药性基因的研究

目的探讨细胞壁缺陷结核分枝杆菌形成利福平耐药性的分子机制。方法将结核分枝杆菌分别接种于含利福平与不含利福平的非高渗透压液体培养基内培养,逐日在倒置显微镜下观察L型的形成情况。L型形成和生长后,滤过培养物分离L型,在不含诱导剂的非高渗液体培养基内传代培养获得L型纯培养物。用结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药性相关基因(rpoB基因)引物分别对自发形成的稳定L型及诱导形成的稳定L型的染色体DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增产物分别以琼脂糖凝胶电泳及PCR-DS方法进行检测和分析。结果结核分枝杆菌既可在非高渗透压培养基内自发形成细胞壁缺陷细菌并成为稳定L型,也可在最低抑菌浓度的利福平作用下发生细胞壁缺陷并成为稳定L型。PCR扩增产物琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见自发形成和诱导形成的稳定L型均形成与其亲代细菌型一致的DNA条带,序列分析显示具有与其亲代细菌型相同的碱基序列。结论结核分枝杆菌在非高渗透压培养基内既可以自发地形成L型,也可以被利福平诱导形成L型。结核分枝杆菌稳定L型具有明显的利福平耐药性,但其相关rpoB基因并没有发生突变。提示结核分枝杆菌的利福平耐药性变异不一定同rpoB基因突变有关,细胞壁缺陷也是导致结核分枝杆菌形成利福平耐药性的一个重要机制。