The epidemiology and surveillance of blood lead in Taiwan (R.O.C.): A report on the PRESS-BLL project

 To monitor the lead hazards in industries and to investigate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in lead-exposed workers, a lead surveillance system (PRESS-BLLs) has been established and operated in Taiwan, Republic of China, since July 1993. A cohort of lead-exposed workers who received a periodic annual health examination at 55 accredited hospital laboratories was constructed. A total of 9807 separate BLL measurements were reported to the system in 1994. The mean BLL was 15.8 μg/dl in male workers and 11.6 μg/dl in female workers. The mean BLL of lead-exposed workers was significantly (P<0.05, z-test) higher than that of the general Taiwanese population (8.6 μg/dl for males and 6.7 μg/dl for females). In addition, the BLLs of 983 (10.0%) workers exceeded the regulatory action level (40 μg/dl for males; 30 μg/dl for females). The workplaces and homes of 57% of the workers with elevated BLLs were thoroughly investigated to determine the sources of lead contamination. These actions identified the causes of elevated BLLs and set up strategies to reduce workers’ lead exposure. The establishment of this occupational lead surveillance system represents a method for monitoring of lead hazards from occupational and environmental settings to prevent lead poisoning. The information acquired from the system can help in the setting up of a priority of prevention and the development of control measures. It is also useful for further monitoring of changes in the BLLs of the lead-exposed-worker cohort. The Health Department of Taiwan can use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of current industrial hygiene practice. Subjects with elevated BLLs have been medically treated and placed on long-term follow-up for sequelae. Received: 2 September 1996/Accepted: 29 November 1996     

三峡建坝后血吸虫病传播危险因素研究Ⅲ库区血吸虫病监测方案的研究

目的了解三峡库区血吸虫病传播危险因素,为三峡库区血吸虫病动态监测提供技术方案。方法在三峡库区进行钉螺生存模拟试验,调查库区流动人口、家畜血吸虫病传染源和钉螺输入库区的潜在危险因素,以及建坝后社会经济发展变化对血吸虫病传播的潜在影响因素,找出库区血吸虫病监测的重点。结果钉螺在三峡库区的适宜环境中能够生长繁殖;血吸虫病传染源主要是往返于血吸虫病流行区的流动人口;从血吸虫病疫区引进花草树木和牲畜,存在将钉螺和动物传染源输入库区的可能;库区社会经济发展可使血吸虫病传入的危险增加,三峡库区已成为血吸虫病的潜在流行区。结论三峡库区血吸虫病监测工作重点应是流动人口、引进的牲畜等血吸虫病传染源和钉螺输入因素的监测。     

利用外国政府贷款医疗项目操作程序及需要注意的问题

综合了申请利用外国政府贷款医疗项目所涉及的部门、政策规定、申请程序、工作要求等,并按照实际工作中的大体操作顺序作了较为具体的介绍。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在低射血分数患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用的必要性探讨

目的探讨对低射血分数患者施行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCAB)预防性应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intraaortic balloon pump, IABP)辅助的必要性. 方法 2001 年1 月～2004年10月对64例低射血分数(LVEF≤40%)施行OPCAB,将64例分为2组:术前或术中预防性应用IABP辅助者列为IABP组,共19例;未应用IABP者列为对照组,共45例. 结果 IABP组与对照组在术后并发症手术死亡、脑血管意外、肾功能衰竭衰血滤、围手术期心肌梗死等方面无显著差异(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).IABP组术后需要延长呼吸机带机时间(超过24 h)的比例显著高于对照组(IABP组8例,对照组3例; χ2=9.429,P=0.002);IABP组术后监护时间延长(超过48 h)的比例显著高于对照组(IABP组14例,对照组19例; χ2=4.110,P=0.043). 结论在无IABP辅助的情况下,为低射血分数患者实施OPCAB手术是可行的.     

端脑髓突的断面解剖学观测

目的：通过对端脑髓突支数及其分支的研究，探讨端脑髓突与脑回的对应关系，指导脑回的医学影像学定位。材料与方法：随机采用３０个颅脑标本，经ＣＴ扫描后锯切出相应断面，结合断面标本及其相应的ＣＴ影像表现对端脑髓突进行综合观测。结果：端脑髓突清晰而易于辨认，各髓突对应相应的脑回皮质。端脑髓突的支数在不同端脑层面上明显变化，但侧别差异无显著性意义。结论：只有熟悉端脑髓突的支数及其分支等情况，才能认准端脑髓突，     

扶贫助困医疗项目的管理体会

我院承担的教育部、李嘉诚基金会西部教育(医疗扶贫)计划“三峡库区贫困儿童疾病救助基金”项目,于2001年5月立项,8月正式启动。通过健全机构、精心设计、严格程序、采取多种形式施助等办法,收到了好的效果。本文回顾性总结我院在实施项目管理中的具体办法。     

Blogging Your PACS

Acquiring, implementing, and maintaining a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is an enduring and complex endeavor. A large-scale project such as this requires efficient and effective communication among a large number of stakeholders, sharing of complex documentation, recording ideas, experiences, and events such as meetings, and project milestones to succeed. Often, mass-market technologies designed for other purposes can be used to solve specific complex problems in healthcare. In this case, we wanted to explore the role of popular weblogging or “blogging” software to meet our needs. We reviewed a number of well-known blog software packages and evaluated them based on a set of criteria. We looked at simplicity of installation, configuration, and management. We also wanted an intuitive, Web-based interface for end-users, low cost of ownership, use of open source software, and a secure forum for all PACS team members. We chose and implemented the Invision Power Board for two purposes: local PACS administrative purposes and for a national PACS users' group discussion. We conclude that off the shelf, state-of-the-art, mass-market software such as that used for the currently very popular purpose of weblogging or “blogging” can be very useful in managing the variety of communications necessary for the successful implementation of PACS.     

组织工程在周围神经缺损修复中的应用

近年来组织工程学的迅速发展使其在周围神经修复方面有了，“阔的发展空间。组织工程的核心是建立细胞与生物材料的三维空间复合体，即具有生命力的活体组织，用以对病损组织进行形态、结构和功能的重建并达到永久性替代。其重点问题包括：导管材料的选择以及神经生长的微环境。     

热带医学专业信息资源库几个重要问题的思考及其改进

基于校园网和广东省专业信息资源库平台，构建“热带医学专业信息资源库”。对试题库、动画库、专家库、powerpoint教学资源库等几个重要问题进行思考，提出改进的建议。