Modifier le comportement alimentaire : mission impossibles ?

Is it possible to modify intake behaviors for body weight control purposes? Over the last 40 years, dozens of international, peer-reviewed articles have described behavior modification approaches aiming at body weight reduction. The present article first presents a historical account of behavioral methods and their results. From the early therapies exclusively addressing behaviors (excluding restrictive diets) until the recent cognitive-behavioral treatments, published studies have reported modest weight losses associated with numerous metabolic, nutritional and psychological benefits whose maintenance, beyond the treatment duration, appear reasonably good. Recent studies specifically address the conditions of long-term maintenance. The main elements of behavioral-cognitive treatments are described briefly. Finally, the particular problems associated with these approaches in the French context are underlined.     

非依赖型糖尿病全血低切变率粘度值的临床意义

目的:为了探讨非依赖型糖尿病全血低切变率粘度值测定的临床意义。方法:对91例非依赖型糖尿病血液流变学低切率粘度值进行了检测,并对其结果及形成机制进行了分析讨论。结果:91例非依赖型糖尿病低切变率粘度值和对照组相比有显著性差异,p<0．01。结论:非依赖型糖尿病全血低切变率粘度增高,可造成微血管循环障碍,是非依赖型糖尿病易形成心梗、脑梗及其他微血管病的一种重要因素。     

Chemins vers la clinique

The author focuses attention or institutional psychotherapy and draws its clinical, philosophical and also ethical concepts in order to prove that an administrative logic of the mental institutions only leads to loose what characterise healing process. Three main axis are tackled: the concept of reaction, the concept of pathoplasty and the concept of alienation. The concept of reaction makes understandable how the atmosphere of an institution is exercising a so great influence on its patients' symptoms that a self-governing endogenic psychopathological process “that is turned away from its initial cause” is created. That results in the concept of pathoplasty, which refers to the fact that some aspects of the pathology are induced by the institution itself, from which result two main ideas of the institutional psychotherapy: a) an institution is to tie down to an auto analysis to heal its own pathological functioning; b) all the more so that an institution which doesn't could become iatrogenic. The concept of alienation is approached through the historical and philosophical aspects of the Marxist view. The author use Bataille's differentiation between restricted economy “which is in keeping with a capitalist one, susceptible of an accountable evaluation” - and general economy - which confus to negativity as a foundation for an inner social work, apart from any accountable evaluation to Hegel's mind for instance, desire is indissociable from the psychiatric heal.     

Amygdaloid control over interspecies and shock-induced aggression in the rat (author's transl)]

The effect of lateral amygdala or stria terminalis lesions on two different kinds of aggressive behavior have been studied in the rat. The lateral amygdala lesion does not change the non-killing rat's behavior towards mice; but it markedly reduces the shock-induced intraspecific aggression, without changing the flinch and jump thresholds to the electric shocks. A bilateral interruption of the stria terminalis elicits aggressive reactions in previously non killing rats. This initiation of mouse killing behavior is clearly facilitated through a prior food deprivation for 3 days. The interruption of the stria terminalis changes neither the shock induced aggression, nor the response thresholds. As the stria is the main efferent pathway of the cortico-medial nuclei of the amygdala, these results are in accordance with previous conclusions that tentatively localized in this part of the amygdala an essential component of a mechanism which inhibits muricide behavior in the non killing rat, probably through interactions with the olfactory input. This system is largely independent of amygdaloid structures which facilitate shock-induced intraspecific aggression.     

Luxation latérale complète en hyperpronation du coude

The authors report an exceptional case of hyperpronated complete lateral elbow dislocation with an associated chip fracture of the radial head after a motor vehicle accident. Closed reduction and physical rehabilitation were performed with a good outcome after 2 years. This exceptional case should be included in Speed classification of lateral elbow dislocations as a type IV according to its anatomopathological and clinical features.