混合杀虫剂农满忆对SD大鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

目的研究杀虫剂农满忆(由氰戊菊酯与辛硫磷混合而成)对SD大鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为5组,每组6只,雌雄各半,用该杀虫剂设计低、中、高3个染毒剂量组及阳性对照组(环磷酰胺)和阴性对照组(蒸馏水)对大鼠进行灌胃染毒后,采用常规微核(micronucleus,MN)试验,检测骨髓细胞微核率的改变。结果染毒组和阳性对照组均能诱导大鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)的微核率升高,与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论在本次实验剂量内该杀虫剂(农满忆)能使大鼠骨髓细胞微核率增加。     

石杉碱甲对急性水胺硫磷和辛硫磷中毒时AChE活力的影响

目的观察石杉碱甲(哈伯因,HupA)对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷急性染毒小鼠的AChE活力的影响。方法实验小鼠随机分为HupA干预组和未干预组,所有小鼠均经口给予一定剂量水胺硫磷或辛硫磷,干预组小鼠于染毒前2 h经口给予HupA,而后定时测定染毒后全血、红细胞和脑组织的AChE活力值。结果无论是水胺硫磷还是辛硫磷染毒,HupA干预组的全血、红细胞及脑组织AChE活力均高于同时点的未干预组。结论 HupA可以对抗水胺硫磷和辛硫磷对AChE活性的抑制作用,提示HupA可能具有预防和治疗水胺硫磷和辛硫磷中毒的作用。     

氰戊菊酯和辛硫磷对大鼠中枢谷氨酸及γ-氨基丁酸免疫阳性细胞的影响

为深入探讨拟除虫菊酯和有机磷混配农药对中枢神经系统的毒性作用及其机制,通过免疫组织化学和显微图象分析方法观察了大鼠经氰戊菊酯(20m g/kgBW)、辛硫磷(160m g/kgBW)、氰戊菊酯 辛硫磷(180m g/kgBW,1v8等毒配比)灌胃染毒24小时后中枢神经组织中谷氨酸(Glu)和γ- 氨基丁酸(GABA)免疫阳性细胞(IRC)的变化。结果显示,氰戊菊酯组、氰戊菊酯 辛硫磷组大鼠大脑皮层、海马、纹状体等部位Glu的IRC数目(N)减少,阳性细胞面积比(Aa% )和积分光密度(IOD)呈现不同程度的降低,而GABA的IRC各观察参数值均呈现不同程度的升高;氰戊菊酯组与氰戊菊酯 辛硫磷组各参数值之间未见显著性差异;与对照组相比,单独辛硫磷组各观察参数值亦未见显著性变化。本次研究结果提示,Glu、GABA递质功能紊乱可能在拟除虫菊酯神经毒性中具有重要意义;在对Glu 和GABA作用的影响上,拟除虫菊酯和有机磷之间无协同作用     

辛硫磷对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖抑制作用

目的探讨农药辛硫磷对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖抑制作用。方法辛硫磷按160,80,40,20 mg/(kg.bw)4个剂量一次性灌胃染毒小鼠,24 h后采用细胞遗传学方法检测骨髓细胞增殖指数变化。结果160,80,40mg/(kg.bw)辛硫磷试验组小鼠骨髓细胞增殖指数依次为3.16%,3.68%和4.70%,比阴性对照(6.00%)分别降低47.33%,38.67%和21.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);160 mg/(kg.bw)辛硫磷组雄性小鼠细胞增殖指数(2.71%)明显低于雌性小鼠(3.61%)(P0.05);20 mg/(kg.bw)辛硫磷组细胞增殖指数为6.07%,与阴性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论较高剂量的辛硫磷可抑制小鼠骨髓细胞增殖,对雄性小鼠的抑制作用更强。     

Joint action of phoxim and fenvalerate on reproduction in male rats

Aim: To evaluate the joint action of phoxim and fenvalerate on the reproductive function in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The 2×2 factorial analysis experiment was used in the study. The pesticides were orally given at daily doses of phoxim (Pho) 8.2 nig/kg, fenvalerate (Fen) 3.3 mg/kg and Pho 8.2 Fen 3,3 mg/kg (Pho:Fen = 5:2), 5 days a week for 60 days. Sperm motility was measured with computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) and daily sperm production estimated. Immunoenzymatic method and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the serum testosterone and the testicular morphology, respectively. Results: There were significant decreases in sperm motility parameters in the treated animals, including straight line velocity (VSL), beat cross frequency (BCF), linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR). After treated with Fen, significant decreases in VSL, LIN and STR were demonstrated. Significant decreases of daily sperm production were seen in animals treated with Pho and Pho Fen in comparison     

辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的 研究辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用.方法 48只健康昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为6组,每组8只.实验设4个不同剂量辛硫磷染毒组、阴性对照组（玉米油）和阳性对照组（环磷酰胺40mg/kg）,均采用腹腔注射染毒方式.首次染毒后第35d处死小鼠,观察睾丸及附睾脏器系数、精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化.结果 除最低剂量组外,各染毒组精子数量均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.01）;精子活率各染毒组均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率各染毒组均高于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.结论 辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖系统有一定毒性作用,主要引起精子数量、精子活率的降低和精子畸形率的增加,并具有致突变作用.     

释药小筒特性及辛硫磷缓释法杀灭白纹伊蚊幼虫现场观察

本文就辛硫磷水体缓释小筒的研制和现场对Aedes albopictus幼虫杀灭效果作了报道。结果表明:对于陶器、轮胎等类积水,按水体水量计算,当施药浓度同为40、6(ppm时,陶缸缓释组有效期分别为171、267~304天,轮胎缓释组为290~311、263天;陶缸药物对照组为97、101~127天、轮胎药照组为103~1(8、111天,二法差异显著。另外本文还介绍了改进的Fiske-Subbarow测总磷法,并对其中一种释药小筒的室内水中释药动态作了测定。     

辛硫磷对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞DNA损伤、细胞凋亡及P53蛋白表达的影响

目的研究辛硫磷对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)DNA的损伤作用及其对氧化损伤、细胞凋亡和P53蛋白表达的影响。方法 Percoll离心法分离培养大鼠BMSCs,正常传代。取第3代BMSCs,调整细胞密度为1.0×106/瓶,当细胞至亚融合状态,分别以0(对照)、0.2、2和20μg/L的辛硫磷浓度染毒24h。采用MTT法检测BMSCs的存活率,分光光度比色法检测BMSCs超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,单细胞凝胶电泳检测BMSCs的DNA损伤,流式细胞术检测大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测BMSCs的P53蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,0.2～20μg/L辛硫磷染毒24h,可诱发大鼠BMSCs的DNA损伤,且具有剂量-效应关系;各染毒组大鼠BMSCs的存活率、SOD和CAT活性均显著下降(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和MDA含量均显著升高(P<0.05);辛硫磷染毒可以诱导大鼠BMSCs P53蛋白表达水平的增加(P<0.05)。结论辛硫磷可诱导大鼠BMSCs氧化损伤、DNA损伤、细胞凋亡和P53蛋白表达,且具有剂量-效应关系。     

Phoxim‐induced damages of Bombyx mori larval midgut and titanium dioxide nanoparticles protective role under phoxim‐induced toxicity

Phoxim (O,O‐diethyl O‐(alpha‐cyanobenzylideneamino) phosphorothioate) is a powerful organophosphorus pesticide with high potential for Bombyx mori larvae of silkworm exposure. However, it is possible that during the phoxim metabolism, there is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phoxim may produce oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in an intoxicated silkworm. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) pretreatment has been demonstrated to increase antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in organisms. This study was, therefore, undertaken to determine phoxim‐induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to determine whether phoxim intoxication alters the antioxidant system and AChE activity in the B. mori larval midgut, and to determine whether TiO₂ NPs pretreatment attenuates phoxim‐induced toxicity. The findings suggested that phoxim exposure decreased survival of B. mori larvae, increased malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl and 8‐OHdG levels, and ROS accumulation in the midgut. Furthermore, phoxim significantly decreased the activities of AChE, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiol in the midgut. TiO₂ pretreatment, however, could increase AChE activity, and remove ROS via activating SOD, CAT, APX, GR, and GST, and accelerating AsA–GSH cycle, thus attenuated lipid, protein, and DNA peroxidation and improve B. mori larval survival under phoxim‐induced toxicity. Moreover, this experimental system would help nanomaterials to be applied in the sericulture. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1355–1366, 2014.     

家蝇对辛硫磷抗性预测研究

目的：预测辛硫磷防治家蝇造成的抗性趋势；方法：用辛硫磷对家蝇进行室内选育，用点滴法测定家蝇的抗性水平，无选择压力下饲养观察家蝇对辛硫磷的敏感性变化，观察不同抗性水平家蝇的生物学；结果：经过8次辛硫磷处理，家蝇抗性水平RF由38上升到633，而在无选择压力下30代后，家蝇抗性水平RF从44衰迟到16。用辛硫磷处理的家蝇对胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯的敏感性上升，LD50分别下降了71．7％、54．1％和45．1％，而对乙酰甲胺磷、益必添、杀螟松及溴氰菊酯敏感性下降，LD50分别上升了271．0％、105．7％、66．0％和55．0％，而5％的残杀威对家蝇的24h死亡率只有20％。低抗性水平家蝇成蝇大量发生早于高抗性水平家蝇，其蛹期内的前6d蛹量占整个世代的约50％，而高抗性水平家蝇仅占25．0％左右；结论：家蝇对辛硫磷抗性增长速度远远大于抗性衰退的速度。用辛硫磷防治家蝇时不宜连续使用，可以与辛硫磷轮用的菊酯类杀虫剂有胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯。化学方法防治低抗性水平的家蝇应在种群大量发生的早期进行，而防治高抗性水平的家蝇应该采用有长期控制作用的方法。