An internal rate of return approach to investigate pharmacist supply in the united states

Internal rates of return were used to examine the status of pharmacist supply in the United States between the years 1987-1991. Age-earnings profiles were estimated for pharmacists, college graduates and high school graduates. Rates of return to pharmacists and college graduates were compared and a ratio of the pharmacist rate to the college graduate rate was computed for each year. Results suggest a shortage of pharmacists in the United States. Enrollments in pharmacy schools and adopted changes in the training of pharmacists are discussed in relation to their effects on the pharmacist labour market.     

Patterns of practice for acute myocardial infarction in a population from ten countries

Background: There is conclusive evidence from large scale randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that several treatments administered in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction (AMI) reduce mortality. However, only a minority of patients admitted with AMI receives at the appropriate treatments. Objectives: This study aims at (1) describe the utilization patterns for AMI; (2) determine the appropriateness of prescribing, measured as adherence to the ACC/AHA guidelines; and (3) determine which factors are associated with the administration of thrombolytic agents. Methods: The study was a multi-center survey carried out in ten countries (nine European and one Canadian province) over a 3-month period. Data were prospectively collected by clinical pharmacists. All consecutive patients admitted to the participating hospitals during the study period with a diagnosis of suspected AMI were included in the study. Rates of use were calculated as “overall utilization” and “adjusted utilization” (e.g., accounting for eligibility). Results: Data were available on 1976 patients from 56 participating centers. The mean age of the patients was 65 years (range 25–95, SD = 12.6) and 29.7% were women. Adjusted utilization rates were 63.7% for thrombolysis, 88% for aspirin, and 65.9% for β-adrenergic blocking agents. The most utilized thrombolytic agent was streptokinase (65.9%). The main reasons given by physicians for not administering thrombolysis was the delay from chest pain onset to admission. Patients admitted to teaching hospitals were less likely to receive aspirin than patients admitted to general hospitals (adjusted rate 90.1% vs 86%, P = 0.007), but they were more likely to undergo a primary invasive procedure (11.0% vs 2.5% P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age greater than 74 years, delay, prior myocardial infarction, and Killip scale were correlated with the non-utilization of thrombolysis. Conclusion: Recommended treatments are still underutilized in patients with AMI. Increased utilization is required, particularly for elderly people. There is a wide variability among hospitals with different affiliations (teaching vs non teaching), demonstrating the different patterns of practice in various settings. Received: 2 February 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 8 August 1998     

我国“审方药师”的现状分析与建议

目的:培养合格的审方药师,确保患者合理用药。方法:分析我国审方药师的现状,提出培养合格审方药师的具体建议。结果:目前,我国审方药师队伍普遍存在学历、职称偏低,专业知识、医学知识不足,成员匮乏等现象。结论:必须充分认识审方药师的重要性,提高审方药师的准入条件,制订审方药师的业务标准,明确审方药师的责任,加大审方药师的培养力度及增加审方药师的数量,方可确保患者合理用药。     

临床药师职业分析以及激励机制研究

对国内11所三级甲等医院内药学技术人员进行问卷调查,了解药师对薪酬、职称、教育等激励措施的满意程度以及改进意见,进而提出了建立按劳取酬的激励机制的具体建议.     

静脉用药调配中心药师的主要工作及临床意义

目的探讨药师在静脉用药调配中心的作用。方法介绍药师的主要工作内容,分析药师在工作中的临床意义。结果静脉用药调配中心成立以来,有效地加强了临床用药的安全性、有效性和合理性。结论药师参与调配工作对提高医疗质量及合理用药水平有积极的意义,是现代医院药学服务的重要内容。     

Is present pharmacy education adapted to needs? Survey results from young practitioner views regarding pharmacy education outcome towards a national reform in Hungary

BackgroundThe pharmacist career is constantly adapting to societal and health care needs. The past decade has seen a growing demand for curricular development to align graduation outcome with workforce competencies.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify expectations for both didactic and experiential components of a new curriculum based on young pharmacist practitioner views.MethodsAn online survey questionnaire was used in 2019–2020 to evaluate the pharmacy curriculum to detect indicators or key areas which require comprehensive reform.ResultsThe predominant majority of the 205 study participants recommended reduction in credit hours for Natural Sciences (78.54%) and a similar increase in the Theoretical and Practical Expertise Module (77.9%). Pharmaceutical care, clinical therapeutics and clinical pharmacy competencies should also be more highlighted in the program. Findings indicate the current training does not prepare for problem-solving and daily workplace challenges (72.7%) or for extended pharmacist skills and competencies (71.71%). Results show inconsistency in practical training experience, as all respondents participated in practical training for drug manufacturing and analysis but 61.0% reported no hands-on skills training in a hospital-clinical simulation setting. Indications for practitioner involvement into the natural sciences and biomedical subjects (86.3%) confirm the obvious need for more practice-oriented education.ConclusionsEducational reforms seem to be inevitable to achieve measurable improvement in professional practice and skills competency. The country specific demand for a needs-based pharmacy education reflects global trends but may also provide useful insights for individual transitions to transform education through practice and improve practice through education.     

临床药师参与社区获得性肺炎药物治疗的分析与体会

目的通过参与社区获得性肺炎患者的药物治疗实践,探讨临床药师参与抗感染治疗和开展药学监护的方法。方法以1例社区获得性肺炎住院患者的诊治过程为例,根据社区获得性肺炎防治指南,分析患者具体病理生理特点,临床药师与临床医师共同制定治疗方案,根据治疗反应和病情变化及时调整方案。结果通过临床药师对患者药物治疗过程的药学监护,使患者获得完善的个体化治疗,及时发现患者的药物治疗问题,促进临床合理用药,提高患者用药的安全性、有效性,并最终获得满意的疗效。结论临床药师深入临床后,努力将药学理论知识优势和临床实践相结合,不断提高药物治疗水平,获得临床认可,在治疗团队中实现自己的价值。     

临床药学服务实践及体会

介绍我院临床药师开展临床药学服务的的工作内容及效果.探讨临床药学服务在促进合理用药和医院药学发展中起的重要作用.     

血液肿瘤科临床药师工作模式探讨

目的:探讨临床药师在血液肿瘤科开展药学服务的工作模式,促进血液肿瘤科临床用药的合理性。方法:通过参与医师查房、监测血药浓度、编写药历、指导给药、参加病例讨论等方式,探索临床药师在血液肿瘤科的工作模式。结果:临床药师在血液肿瘤科的工作应遵循"以患者为中心,以血药浓度监测和不良反应监测为基本点"的原则开展,重点在于提高患者的用药依从性,从而提高药物疗效,减少不良反应。结论:临床药师在血液肿瘤科查房时,应深入临床了解患者,按照适宜的工作流程和模式,才能切实做好临床药学服务。