A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial

This study tests the effectiveness of adding an eight-month, thirty-session schema-focused therapy (SFT) group to treatment-as-usual (TAU) individual psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients (N = 32) were randomly assigned to SFT-TAU and TAU alone. Dropout was 0% SFT, 25% TAU. Significant reductions in BPD symptoms and global severity of psychiatric symptoms, and improved global functioning with large treatment effect sizes were found in the SFT-TAU group. At the end of treatment, 94% of SFT-TAU compared to 16% of TAU no longer met BPD diagnosis criteria (p < .001). This study supports group SFT as an effective treatment for BPD that leads to recovery and improved overall functioning.     

大学生心理素质与思想品德发展的关系

研究大学生心理素质与思想品德发展的关系，目的在于分析、发现个体在接受教育过程中的心理运动规律，从而提高思想教育的实效性。本文从马克思主义认识论和实践论的观点出发，依据教育心理学的原理，探讨了心理健康教育与思想品德教育的内在联系和相互作用，提出良好的心理素质是大学生思想品德发展的基础的观点。认为品德的形成与人的心理活动息息相关，个体如果没有良好的品德，将影响其心理素质的完善；同样，没有健全的心理素质，思想品德也不能得到很好的发展。只有思想品德教育与心理健康教育协调发展，共同作用，才能收到良好的教育效果。     

Which constructs can predict emotional exhaustion in a working population? A study into its determinants

The main objective of this study was to examine the psychosocial stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall with emotional exhaustion as the outcome variable. Respondents, 409 men and 346 women, who had a paid job for at least 20 hours per week, completed questionnaires concerning demographic variables, personality, temperament, work pressure, workload, perceived social support, appraisal, coping, and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation analyses provided only partial support for the validity of the model. First, on theoretical and statistical grounds, one more path linking external resources to social support was added. Second, contrary to expectations, coping styles did not predict emotional exhaustion. To conclude, when coping is measured retrospectively, it does not add to our understanding of emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that future studies should be longitudinal and include objective measures of stressors and psychosocial health outcomes in addition to self‐reports. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小学生个性影响因素研究

【目的】分析影响儿童个性的有关因素，为培养儿童的健全人格提供依据。【方法】对西安市所属的七个区各随机抽取一所学校，每所学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班．采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷（Eysenck Personality Questionnaire，EPQ）（儿童用）和自编的个人一般情况调查表，对2000名儿童进行调查。将调查所得数椐进行多元逐步回归分析。【结果】影响小学生个性精神性（Psy choticism，P）的因素有性别、是否班干部、父母关系；影响内外向（extrovision and intrnision，E）的因素有性别、父母关系、是否班干部、住所、母亲文化程度、所在学校；影响情绪稳定性（nearoticism，N）、掩饰性（lie,L）的均为性别、父母关系2个因素。【结论】儿童个性受家庭、学校环境等的多重影响。家长、教师应创造良好的家庭、社会环境，保持情绪乐观、稳定，避免对子女儿童的负面影响，以利于其个性向积极方向发展。     

伴ADHD的对立违抗性障碍儿童行为特征分析

目的：了解伴注意缺陷／多动障碍(ADHD)的对立违抗性障碍(0DD)患儿的行为特征。方法：以ICD-10作为诊断标准对门诊就诊儿童进行诊断，得到ODD伴ADHD者40例(64.52％)．ODD不伴ADHD者22例(35．48％)。自编家庭情况调查表调查患儿的基本情况。用家长填Achenbach儿章行为量表评定儿童行为。结果：与ODD组相比。合并ADHD组的家长更多对患儿经常打骂和严厉管教：对儿童的不良行为更多地采取打骂的方式。合并组父亲急燥易怒者比ODD组多；合并组起病年龄及就诊年龄比ODD组早：合并组在CBCI。思维、注意问题，违纪、攻击行为，外化性问题，行为总分均高于ODD组。结论：ODD合并ADHD的患儿在思维、注意问题，违纪、攻击行为，外化性问题方面表现更突出，家长对儿童管教方式及不良行为处理方式影响ODD的发生。提示要注重ODD、ADHD的早期干预。     

Validation of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions for evaluation of invasive character of urinary bladder carcinoma in rats and mice

A series of 8 rat and 16 mouse invasive bladder carcinomas were investigated for the presence of silverstained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) to clarify whether this parameter is applicable to the estimation of their invasive character. With regard to number of AgNORs per cell, neither rat nor mouse carcinomas showed any difference between invasive and noninvasive sites within the same tumor. However, the frequency of cancer cells bearing bizarre dots, irregular in size and shape, was significantly higher at sites of actual invasion. Quantitative data generated using an image analyzer revealed significantly lower values for NOR roundness and significantly larger NOR size in invasive sites than in noninvasive sites in all groups. Double staining for the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and AgNORs was performed on eight rat carcinomas and a close correlation between the two was confirmed. Thus the number of AgNORs in PCNA-positive cells was significantly greater than in PCNA-negative cells. Furthermore, a particularly strong correlation was observed for incidences of PCNA-positive cells and bizarre dots (P<0.01). The quantitative data also demonstrated significant differences in size and shape of dots. It is concluded that AgNORs have diagnostic value for the invasive character of bladder carcinomas.     

Differences between urban and rural suicides

As part of a nation-wide psychological autopsy we examined the differences in DSM-III-R mental disorders, recent life events and other characteristics between urban (n=143) and rural (n=85) completed suicides in a random sample of 229 cases from the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland for the period 1987-1988. Psychoactive substance use disorders (48% vs. 34%), cluster B personality disorders (24% vs. 9%) and psychiatric comorbidity (66% vs. 42%) were found more commonly among urban than rural suicides. Urban suicides were also more often reported to be preceded by a recent separation (25% vs. 8%), whereas rural suicide victims tended to have lacked a close companion of the opposite sex (36% vs. 18%) and to have had physical disorders (56% vs. 40%). Overall, urban and rural suicides may vary with regard to the prevalence of some mental disorders, their comorbidity, and physical disorders, as well as the preceding life situation. This variation may also imply the need for differences in strategies for suicide prevention in each setting.     

抑郁障碍患者人格特征与发病关系的研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍患者的人格特征与其疾病发病间的关系。方法采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)、应对方式评定量表 (WCRS)和归因方式问卷 (ASQ)对 76名抑郁障碍患者进行测试 ,同时选取 84名健康被试进行对照研究。结果①抑郁组患者在EPQ中神经质 (N)与精神质 (P)的得分显著高于健康组。②WCRS的结果显示在“宣泄接纳”、“退避调节”两个因子上 ,抑郁组的平均得分低于健康组。③在ASQ的得分中 ,抑郁组在负性事件归因的自身性、持久性和整体性均显著高于健康组。④抑郁障碍患者的“神经质”人格特质与应对方式的“宣泄接纳”和“退避调节”因子呈负相关 (r = 0 .474)。结论抑郁障碍患者的人格特征可表现为较强的神经质及孤僻、交往障碍 ,他们这种人格特征及应对和归因方式在其发病过程中起着重要作用。     

重庆小城镇传统景观风貌特色分析与优化

重庆小城镇传统景观风貌特色突出。本文从分析重庆小城镇传统景观风貌特色出发,针对小城镇]进过程中出现的种种风貌失落现象,尝试提出相应的优化对策,以促进小城镇传统景观风貌的保护与更新。