乳腺积乳囊肿的诊断与治疗

本文报告乳腺积乳囊肿43例。讨论了发病原因及病理,特别提出局部肿块波动感试验阳性,A超检查显示液平段,试穿抽出乳汁,对诊断有肯定价值;治疗以手术切除为主,仅有7例穿刺抽吸乳汁得以治愈。     

IHPBA in Tokyo, 2002: surgical treatment of IPMT vs MCT: a Japanese experience

The differences and similarities between intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) and mucinous cystadenoma or carcinoma (mucinous cystic tumor; MCT) of the pancreas have been noted. The similarities include: (1) both tumors originate from pancreatic duct cells, (2) massive mucin production is found in both tumors, and (3) papillary projection is a common histological characteristic. However, there are also many differences. IPMT is most frequently found in men in their sixties, and originates in the head of the pancreas, with 62% (123/199) of tumors reported to be found in the head of the pancreas. This tumor sometimes spreads throughout the entire pancreas. The tumor itself basically is of the dilated pancreatic duct type, and the prognosis is generally good. In contrast, MCT frequently develops in women in their forties. This tumor is usually large, round, and almost totally encapsulated by fibrous tissue, with no communication with the pancreatic duct. The tumor histologically has an ovarian-like stroma. It most often develops in the body or tail of the pancreas. Invasion is often present and the operative prognosis is not good. IPMT resembles the shape of a bunch of grapes and MCT resembles that of an orange. From the differences between these two types of tumors, they are classified into different categories. With regard to therapeutic strategies for MCT, the tumor should be resected with lymph node dissection immediately when it is detected. In contrast, some patients with branch-type IPMT can be followed without surgical procedures. Because IPMT shows good prognosis and little tendency for infiltration, some kinds of organ-preserving procedures would be possible for some patients with this tumor. Such organ-preserving procedures are: duodenum-preserving pancreas head resection, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein, and so on.     

甘蓝复合果蔬汁的稳定性

单一的稳定剂并不能解决甘蓝复合果蔬汁的稳定性问题,而多种稳定剂的稳定效果较好,为此挑选出较好的3种稳定剂,对其进行不同比例的复配,观察一段时间的相对粘度及浊度变化,发现两种稳定剂的复配就能达到稳定的效果,最佳添加量(质量分数)为果胶0.07%,黄原胶0 03%.     

人胎儿胃液、胆汁及胃粘膜、胆囊组织胃动素水平及其相关性

作者采用特异性胃动素(MTL)抗体,通过放射免疫法,对8例16～40周龄的人胎儿胃液、胆汁及胃粘膜、胆囊组织MTL含量进行探测。结果显示:MTL含量胃液为46.00±12.87pmol/L,胆汁为29.89±15.45Pmol/L;胃粘膜为1.34±0.45pmol/g,胆囊为0.87±0.32pmol/g.胃液、胃粘膜MTL含量分别高于胆汁及胆囊MTL水平(P<0.05)。相关分析显示:胃液与胃粘膜MTL含量,胆汁与胆囊MTL含量均呈显著正相关(N=8,r=0.8933,P<0.01;N=8,r=0.9016,P<0.01)。胃粘膜MTL含量与胎龄增长也呈显著正相关(N=8,r=0.7321,P<0.05)。     

Enhanced Intestinal Absorption of Oxytocin Peptide Analogues in the Absence of Pancreatic Juice in Pigs

Purpose. The present investigation was done to study the intestinal absorption of three oxytocin peptide analogues and to elucidate the role of pancreatic juice on their absorption. Methods. In conscious chronically catheterized pigs (6–8 weeks of age) plasma concentration of the peptides, [Mpa¹, D-Tyr(Ethyl)², Thr⁴, Orn⁸]-oxytocin (F314), [Mpa¹, D-Tyr(Ethyl)², Val⁴, D-Arg⁸]-oxytocin (CAT), and [Mpa¹, D-Tyr(Ethyl)², Thr⁴, Orn⁸, desGly⁹, carba⁶]-oxytocin (F327) after intraduodenal administration, during presence or diversion of the pancreatic juice via a pancreatic duct catheter, were determined by radioimmunoassay. The stability of the peptides to degradation was determined in vitro by incubation with activated pancreatic juice, chymotrypsin or trypsin, followed by reversed phase HPLC analyses. Results. All peptides were absorbed with a bioavailability of about 0.5% in the presence of pancreatic juice, but increased to 1.0%, 2.1%, and 13.5% for F314, CAT, and F327, respectively, when the pancreatic juice was diverted from the intestine. After incubation with pancreatic juice 95% of F314, 98% of F327, and 100% of CAT was found intact. When incubated with trypsin CAT remained intact while F314 and F327 were degraded by 54% and 46%, respectively. Incubation with purified chymotrypsin did not degrade the test peptides. Conclusions. The results indicate that the increased absorption of peptides observed under conditions of diverted pancreatic juice cannot only be explained by the absence of pancreatic enzymes, but also by changed absorptive properties in the gastrointestinal tract.     

葡萄糖酸锌糖浆的制备与含量测定方法

本文报告了葡萄糖酸锌糖浆的制法及用二甲橙指示剂法测定含量的方法。结果表明制法简便,含量测定方法准确。     

2,4—D对甜橙幼果脱落及离区纤维素酶活性的抑制效应

暗柳橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)第一次生理落果期(3月下旬～4月中旬)的果实外植体脱落过程中,离区纤维素酶A、B的活性明显升高,第二次落果(4月下旬～5月中旬)期的果实脱落过程中,纤维素酶A的活性也显著提高,但纤维素酶B活性变化较小。细胞内、外纤维素酶的活性在外植体脱落过程中也不断升高。2,4—D能明显抑制胞内、外纤维素酶及纤维素酶A的活性,同时还能抑制外植体及非离休果实内乙烯的产生,但对纤维素酶B活性的影响无明显效应。田间喷布低浓度的2,4—D,明显地减少第一次生理落果,但对第二次落果的作用不如赤霉素。本文还讨论了果实的脱落、纤维素酶活性与乙烯之间的相互关系,及2,4—D的调控作用。并认为采用外植体的方法不失为研究脱落问题的有效手段。     

Effect of pulsed hydrodynamic influences on blood cells in vitro and in vivo

(Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi i Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 12, pp. 604–606, December, 1990.     

Electrical and molecular coupling between sodium and proton fluxes in basolateral membrane vesicles of rat liver

Mechanisms of Na⁺–H⁺ exchange in the hepatocyte were studied utilizing isolated basolateral membrane vesicles prepared by two different methods: Evidence was obtained for the existence of molecular coupling of Na⁺ and H⁺ fluxes (Na⁺/H⁺-antiport) which exhibits saturation kinetics (Km 7 mmol/l Na⁺) and is inhibited by amiloride (1.0 mmol/l). Although the two membrane preparations showed differences with respect to ionic permeabilities, our data suggest that a relatively high H⁺ conductance exists in the basolateral plasma membrane. Hence, electrical coupling of conductive H⁺ and Na⁺ fluxes in the opposite direction could contribute to net Na⁺–H⁺ exchange across the basolateral hepatocyte plasma membrane.     

大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬煤尘颗粒的实验研究

本实验用相差显微电影、溶酶体荧光定位和透射电镜等方法,研究了大鼠离体肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬煤尘的作用,并用二氧化矽和酵母菌作实验对照。结果表明,煤尘颗粒同二氧化矽类似,经过附着,迅速以吞噬体形式被摄入胞浆,而酵母菌呈典型的伪足包围和缓幔吞噬过程。实验证明,用吖啶橙作活细胞溶酶体定位是有效的。被标记的溶酶体发出强橙色荧光。当煤粒吞噬体进入胞浆后,常被多个溶酶体接触包围,形成次级溶酶体。电镜观察提示,煤尘可引起次级溶酶体膜的损害。