黄鼠出蛰后巢蚤和体蚤组成及数量动态的研究

通过对出蛰后的达乌尔黄鼠巢蚤和体蚤的调查,发现这一时期的巢蚤组成为阿巴盖新蚤,占41.8％,光亮额蚤,占30.8％,方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种,占25.6％,其它,占1.8％;鼠体蚤组成为方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种,占67.8％,光亮额蚤,占17.8％,阿巴盖新蚤,占13.5％,其它,占0.9％。巢蚤和体蚤的数量在黄鼠出蛰后的一个月内变化不大,处于低水平状态,一个月后数量开始明显上升。怍者认为黄鼠出蛰后一个月内是灭蚤的有利时机。     

初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理在极低出生体重儿中的应用

目的探讨在极低出生体重儿中应用初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理的效果。方法将2019年4月至2020年4月期间我院收治的62例极低出生体重儿纳入研究,并通过随机数字表法分为两组,给予对照组(n=31)常规护理,给予试验组(n=31)初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理。观察两组新生儿并发症、体重变化,调查喂养情况、住院时间和产妇满意度。结果试验组的恢复出生体重时间短于对照组,体重增长高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组的并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组开始喂养时间、达全肠道喂养时间以及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组护理总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理应用于极低出生体重儿中,可促进新生儿生长发育,改善喂养情况,降低并发症风险,缩短住院时间,产妇满意度较高,值得推广。     

“鸟巢”应用于早产儿护理的进展

早产儿护理发展性照顾是20世纪80年代美国、日本、台湾等国家和地区发展起来的一种新生儿护理理念。为了提高早产儿抢救和治疗成功率，我科护理团队从护理角度出发，对2009年1月至2013年1月我科收治的390例早产儿病例，引入早产儿发展性照顾理念一鸟巢式护理，这一先进理念符合早产儿护理技术，给早产儿创造了适合不同体重体形的一个柔软温暖的类似于母体子宫的小窝，鸟巢对这些提前来到世界的小宝宝的心理发育和生命质量是非常有益处的。     

The dentate gyrus in depression

Extensive preclinical research has been conducted in recent years to reveal the cell types, neuronal circuits and molecular and morphological changes implicated in the function of the dentate gyrus in depression. This was profoundly facilitated by the emergence of methods such as gene targeting, neuronal cell activity manipulation, including optogenetics and chemogenetics, and the development of novel RNA sequencing technology and powerful MRI imagers that were used in clinical studies. These advancements provided researchers with the precise skills needed to evaluate the changes in the dentate gyrus structure and cell function in rodent models as well as in brains of depressed and medicated patients. Here, we review these latest findings and discuss the existing gaps in our knowledge of the role of the dentate gyrus in depression and in mediating the response to antidepressant therapies.     

湖南省贫困县农村空巢老人互助养老意愿及影响因素研究

目的了解湖南省贫困县农村空巢老人的互助养老意愿、需求及影响因素,为农村互助养老的发展定位及对策研究提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法选择湖南省安仁县5个乡镇50个行政村的807名空巢老人,采用自制互助养老意愿及需求问卷、社会支持评定量表、健康促进生活方式量表进行调查。结果 272人(33.71%)选择愿意接受互助养老,互助养老需求评分为3.22±0.63。Logistic回归分析显示:贫困县农村空巢老人互助养老意愿受年龄、文化程度、自理能力、目前患慢性病数量、健康促进生活方式5个因素的影响(均P0.01)。结论贫困县农村空巢老人的互助养老意愿不强,对健康服务需求较高,高龄、文化程度高、自理能力差、患慢性病数量多、健康促进生活方式水平低的农村空巢老年人互助养老意愿相对较高。需提高农村空巢老人对互助养老的认知,以促进农村养老的健康发展。     

Exposure to 17α‐ethinylestradiol decreases motility and ATP in sperm of male fighting fish Betta splendens

The synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical released into aquatic environments from sewage treatment facilities. We tested the effects of two environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne EE2, 10 and 100 ng L^?1, on reproductive endpoints in the teleost fish Betta splendens. In the first experiment, testes were removed from males and sperm were exposed to EE2 directly through the activation water. Direct exposure to EE2 had no effect on any measure of sperm swimming performance. In the second experiment, we exposed sexually mature male B. splendens to EE2 using a semi‐static exposure protocol for 4 weeks. There were no significant treatment effects in the 10 ng L^?1 treatment group, but at the 100 ng L^?1 dose we found that fish had smaller gonads and reduced sperm swimming velocity. When allowed to interact freely with female conspecifics, males exposed to 100 ng L^?1 EE2 built smaller nests and showed a nonsignificant decrease in fertilization success. To investigate further the potential mechanism underlying the decrease in sperm quality, we repeated the chronic exposure experiment and analyzed the ATP content of sperm from fish in each treatment group. We found that males exposed to 100 ng L^?1 of EE2 had fewer moles of ATP per sperm than did fish in the other two treatment groups, suggesting that a decrease in intracellular ATP caused a reduction in sperm swimming velocity. The current study adds to the growing body of literature that indicates the risks to aquatic organisms of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of EE2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 243–252, 2014.     

In utero bisphenol A exposure disrupts germ cell nest breakdown and reduces fertility with age in the mouse

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known reproductive toxicant in rodents. However, the effects of in utero BPA exposure on early ovarian development and the consequences of such exposure on female reproduction in later reproductive life are unclear. Thus, we determined the effects of in utero BPA exposure during a critical developmental window on germ cell nest breakdown, a process required for establishment of the finite primordial follicle pool, and on female reproduction. Pregnant FVB mice (F0) were orally dosed daily with tocopherol-striped corn oil (vehicle), diethylstilbestrol (DES; 0.05 μg/kg, positive control), or BPA (0.5, 20, and 50 μg/kg) from gestational day 11 until birth. Ovarian morphology and gene expression profiles then were examined in F1 female offspring on postnatal day (PND) 4 and estrous cyclicity was examined daily after weaning for 30 days. F1 females were also subjected to breeding studies with untreated males at three to nine months. The results indicate that BPA inhibits germ cell nest breakdown via altering expression of selected apoptotic factors. BPA also significantly advances the age of first estrus, shortens the time that the females remain in estrus, and increases the time that the females remain in metestrus and diestrus compared to controls. Further, F1 females exposed to low doses of BPA exhibit various fertility problems and have a significantly higher percentage of dead pups compared to controls. These results indicate that in utero exposure to low doses of BPA during a critical ovarian developmental window interferes with early ovarian development and reduces fertility with age.     

鸟巢式护理模式对早产儿生长发育及肠胃功能的影响

目的 探讨鸟巢式护理模式在早产儿护理中的应用价值。方法 选取2016年6月—2020年5月本院收治的早产儿94例,采用随机数表法将其分为两组,每组各47例。对照组给予早产儿采取常规护理,观察组在早产儿常规护理上实施鸟巢式护理模式。比较两组临床效果、护理前后生长发育情况、肠胃功能及家属护理满意度。结果 观察组体温波动幅度低于对照组,睡眠时间长于对照组,血氧饱和度高于对照组,出暖箱时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。护理前,两组头围、身高、体质量比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.381,P=0.704、t=0.211,P=0.833、t=1.472,P=0.144）;护理后2周,观察组头围（28.44±1.35）cm、身高（44.86±2.05）cm、体质量（2 336.93±12.47）g,高于对照组的（27.76±1.87）cm、（42.46±2.43）cm、（2 310.14±13.56）g,差异有统计学意义（t=2.021,P=0.046、t=5.175,P<0.001、t=9.970,P<0.001）;观察组首次胎便时间、胎便转黄时间分别为（21.7...     

鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预缓解新生儿 机械通气时疼痛效果分析

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预对缓解新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引疼痛的效果。 方法：选取 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 10 月郑州大学附属儿童医院收治的行机械通气时气道内吸引新生儿 98 例,根据随机数表法分 为观察组和对照组,各 49 例。对照组给予常规镇痛措施,观察组在对照组基础上给予鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预。 比较两组新生儿心率、血氧饱和度、疼痛情况、家长满意度。 结果：机械通气干预 3 d 后,两组新生儿心率、血氧饱 和度均高于机械通气时;但观察组心率低于对照组,血氧饱和度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 机械通气干预 3 d 后,两组新生儿早产儿疼痛量表（PIPP）评分均低于机械通气时,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有 统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组新生儿家长总满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：鸟巢 护理体位结合听觉干预对缓解新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引疼痛效果明显,可明显改善新生儿心率和血氧饱和度水平, 新生儿家属满意度较高。     

基于社区管理模式探讨家庭医生签约服务模式对空巢老年糖尿病的影响

目的基于社区管理模式探讨家庭医生签约服务模式对空巢老年糖尿病的影响。方法选取2018年3月-2019年7月广西医科大学第二附属医院社区卫生服务中心签约家庭医生服务模式及未签约家庭医生服务模式的空巢老年糖尿病患者各92例,签约家庭医生的患者设为观察组,未签约家庭医生的患者设为对照组。观察并比较2组患者干预前和干预1个月后、干预3个月后、干预6个月后、干预1年后的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及自我管理水平;评估并比较2组血糖达标率、血压达标率、血脂达标率及联合达标率。结果干预后2组糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组干预3个月后、干预6个月后、干预1年后的糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖明显低于对照组(P<0.05),重复测量结果显示,观察组糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖数值下降趋势明显大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后血糖达标率、血压达标率、血脂达标率及联合达标率均明显升高(P<0.05),且明显高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后2组自我管理水平明显升高(P<0.05),观察组干预1个月后、干预3个月后、干预6个月后、干预1年后自我管理水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的干预满意度(98.91%)明显高于对照组(90.22%)(P<0.05)。结论家庭医生签约服务模式能够提高社区管理模式中糖尿病空巢老人血糖、血脂、血压的自我管理能力,降低患者糖化血红蛋白及血糖水平,提高患者满意度,有利于糖尿病病情控制。