上海市城镇私营企业职工和个体工商户及其帮工医疗费用分析与费率测算

对上海市城镇私营企业职工和个体工商户及其帮工的医疗费用及其影响因素进行了分析，对医疗保险费率进行了测算。研究结果可供政府和医保部门参考。     

销售人员、安全服务人员、技术工人职业紧张常模及应用表研制

目的研究销售人员、安全服务人员、技术工人职业紧张常模、应用图表、分级标准。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对1370例常模样本进行研究,其中销售人员136例、安全服务人员331例、技术工人903例。结果首先,采用OSI-R量表分别研制了销售人员、安全服务人员、技术工人职业紧张常模;其次,在常模的基础上,分别研制了销售人员、安全服务人员、技术工人常模样本粗分转换为T分表。职业紧张程度分级:职业任务和紧张反应问卷中,T分≥70分者,为高度职业紧张、紧张反应;T分在60~69分者,为中度职业紧张、紧张反应;T分在40~59分者,为适度职业紧张和紧张反应;处于正常范围。T分<40分者,为相对缺乏职业紧张和紧张反应。在应对资源问卷中,T分低于30分者,表明高度缺乏应对资源;T分在30~39分者,表明中度缺乏应对资源;T分在40~59分者,具有适度的应对资源,属于正常范围;T分>60分者,表明有很强的应对资源。结论将职业紧张的模式结合销售人员、安全服务人员、技术工人职业紧张常模及应用表、图,分别针对不同个体主要紧张源,紧张反应、应对资源,采取有针对性的干预(组织、个体)措施,以降低销售人员、安全服务人员、技术工人职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。     

广西北海市街头揽活农民工艾滋病知识、态度、行为及性病/艾滋病感染状况调查

目的了解北海市街头揽活农民工的艾滋病、性病感染状况及其知识、行为、态度等基本情况。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,对北海市街头13个点255位街头农民工进行了调查。结果街头揽活农民工与其他进城农民工相比,其平均年龄偏大、文化程度偏低、已婚比例偏高,整体综合素质较低;艾滋病知识知晓率仅为41.6%;梅毒阳性率为1.2%,艾滋病抗体阳性率为0.4%。结论街道揽活农民工综合素质较低,接受知识的能力较差,最近3个月有商业性行为的比例较高;无论是与配偶或商业性行为,安全套的使用率均较低;存在诸多的影响艾滋病流行的危险因素。     

2006年无锡市滨湖区部分建筑业农民工艾滋病知识、态度及行为状况调查

[目的]了解建筑业农民工艾滋病知识、态度及行为状况,为开展农民工预防艾滋病宣传教育提供科学依据。[方法]采取整群抽样方法抽取2个建筑工地的农民工进行面对面的问卷调查,所有资料经SPSS 12.0软件进行统计分析。[结果]共调查126人,男性101人,占80.16%;女性25人,占19.84%;平均年龄36.2岁。农民工对艾滋病防治知识知晓率均较低,获取艾滋病防治知识的途径主要是广播电视、宣传画册、报刊杂志、知识讲座、医生咨询,分别占48.41%、31.75%、9.52%、6.35%和3.97%。安全套使用率只有11.90%。[结论]农民工艾滋病防治知识缺乏,他们中少数人的高危行为已经成为感染艾滋病的重要隐患。     

中部四省女性农民工医疗服务利用及影响因素分析

目的通过对女性农民工医疗保健服务需求及利用的调查,分析具有不同特征女性农民工医疗保健服务利用的差异,为建立女性农民工医疗保健服务对策提供科学依据。方法运用问卷调查476名女性农民工的人口学特征、医疗保健服务需求及利用情况。采用Epidata 3.0建立数据库,用SPSS 15.0进行统计分析。结果女性农民工最近两周患病率为30.3%,高于2008年第四次国家卫生服务调查。仅有37.6%的妊娠妇女接受过规范的产前检查,有14.3%的女性农民工没有参加医疗保险。家庭经济状况影响她们医疗服务的利用,贫困户和一般户首选回农村医院分娩;富裕户首选在打工地医院分娩,且孕前检查和参保比例比经济条件差者高。结论女性农民工的疾病经济风险比较高,经济收入和医疗保险是农村居民卫生服务利用的主要影响因素。     

2009年深圳市工厂劳务工白喉抗体水平调查

目的利用横断面基线调查,对深圳市1003名工厂劳务工白喉抗体水平进行调查研究,制定相应的免疫接种措施,加强对外来劳务工的管理。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测白喉抗体。结果工厂外来劳务工来自全国28个省市自治区,年龄大部分在20～49岁之间,女性多于男性。1003名外来劳务工白喉抗体的阳性率为38.9%,其中男性为42.9%,女性为35.1%。劳务工5年内变换1种工作的白喉抗体阳性率为31.93%,变换7种或7种以上工作的劳务工抗体阳性率为21.43%。结论深圳市工厂劳务工白喉抗体水平偏低,随着年龄的增长,白喉抗体水平逐渐减退;劳务工变换工作越少,白喉抗体的阳性率越高。建议进一步提高和保持高水平的白百破混合制剂常规免疫接种率,防止白喉的暴发和流行,同时加强外来流动人口免疫接种的监测,并加强传染源的管理。     

青年民工心理卫生状况调查分析

目的了解城市中青年民工的心理状况。方法采用SC-一90、SAS、SDS对106名城市中青年民工的心理卫生状况进行调查并与国内常模进行比较。结果青年民工心理问题发生率占60％,常见的心理问题为焦虑、抑郁、人际关系、敌对等,中度以上焦虑与抑郁的发生率分别为17．9％和16．9％。结论城市中青年民工具有较高的心理问题发生率,应引起全社会高度关注,对其进行早期干预。     

Proportionate mortality among construction laborers

This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses and proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) analyses among the 11,685 members of the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), who died between 1985-1988, using U.S. proportionate mortality rates as the comparison population. Statistically significant elevated mortality risks were observed for all malignant neoplasms (N = 3285, PMR = 1.13, CI = 1.09-1.17), as well as for site-specific neoplasms of the lung (N = 1208, PCMR = 1.06, CI = 1.00-1.12), stomach (N = 170, PCMR = 1.44, CI = 1.23-1.68), and thyroid gland (N = 10, PCMR = 2.24, CI = 1.07-4.12). The PCMRs for these malignant neoplasms were elevated among both white and non-white males, regardless of length of union membership, in most 10-year categories of age at death above 40 and for the three largest LIUNA regions examined. The study also observed 20 mesothelioma deaths, which indicated that some LIUNA members had been previously exposed to asbestos. Statistically significant elevated risks were also observed for deaths from transportation injuries (N = 448, PMR = 1.37, CI = 1.25-1.51), falls (N = 85, PMR = 1.34, CI = 1.07-1.66), and other types of injuries (N = 245, PMR = 1.61, CI = 1.42-1.83). The deaths due to injuries were most often observed among those members who had the shortest amount of time within the union, were younger, and first entered the union after 1955. This is the first study that has examined the general mortality experience limited to construction laborers only (Bureau of Census code 869). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Fatal agricultural injuries in North Carolina by race and occupation, 1977–1991

Medical examiner reports and death certificates were reviewed for all fatal agricultural injuries (n = 228) that occurred on-the-job in North Carolina between 1977 and 1991. Data were collected on the decedents' age, gender, race, date and time of injury, means of injury, and occupation. Annual workforce estimates were derived from the 1980 and 1990 US Census of the Population. Overall, 54% of the fatal injuries were due to tractors. Farmers who suffered fatal injuries tended to be older (median age = 56 years) and Caucasian (87%), while farm workers who died on the job were younger (median age = 35 years) and more often African-American (60%). The crude mortality rate for farmers was 38 per 100,000 worker-years; the crude rate for farm laborers was 16 per 100,000 worker-years. Age-adjusted fatal injury rates were 2.5 times higher among African-American farmers than among Caucasian farmers; furthermore, between 1977 and 1991 the rate of fatal injury among African-American farmers increased an estimated 14.7% per year. African-American farmers in North Carolina have experienced rising rates of fatal injuries at a time when employment in the industry is declining due to consolidation of farm ownership and foreclosures of African-American owned farms. In order to address the growing racial disparity in farm fatalities, efforts need to be made to improve the conditions under which African-American farmers are working. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:452–458, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.