中国部分地区妇幼卫生信息系统的现状分析

本文通过研究卫生 项目地区报表资料和现场调查 ,对项目地区妇幼卫生信息系统的建设及运作情况进行了分析 ,并对报表数据质量进行了评价。分析显示 :卫 项目推动了贫困地区信息系统建设 ,项目地区已建立起系统的妇幼卫生信息管理体系 ,但分析也反映出项目地区妇幼卫生常规报表的数据质量仍存在一定问题。分析结果提示 ,应进一步加强妇幼卫生信息系统建设 ,提高妇幼卫生统计信息专业队伍的业务水平。     

Assessment of the Severity of Asthma in a Family Practice

The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical history and self-perception of severity as predictors of asthma severity. A short-term longitudinal study was conducted in a family practice in Melbourne, Australia, utilizing peak flow monitoring, medication diary, and self-administered asthma severity questionnaire. Seventy-two asthmatic subjects with a positive bronchodilator or exercise test, aged between 6 and 79 years, were studied. Symptom and treatment items were correlated with peak flow variability and minimal peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). An asthma severity scale was generated using the partial credit version of Item Response Theory and the participants' severity scores were validated against lung function tests and medication usage. Quantitative modeling procedures were used to investigate the interrelationships of factors associated with peak flow variability. Severity scores demonstrated significant relationships with peak flow variability (partial r = 0.34) and treatment items. Self-perceived severity of asthma in the preceding 2 weeks showed significant association with peak flow variability (partial rho = 0.46) and minimal PEFR (rho = -0.41). The severity module of the Monash Respiratory Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument. The most important symptoms appear to be the frequency of use of bronchodilator and frequency of nocturnal attacks. A carefully structured clinical history in conjunction with the peak flow criteria of variability and minimal peak flow rate would be appropriate in the evaluation of asthma severity. Patients' self-perception of the severity of their asthma needs further evaluation.     

Functional Health Literacy: Psychometric Properties of the Newest Vital Sign for Portuguese Adolescents (NVS-PTeen)

Self-management of health requires skills to obtain, process, understand, and use health-related information. Assessment of adolescents’ functional health literacy requires valid, reliable, and low-burden tools. The main objective of this study was to adapt and study the psychometric properties of the Newest Vital Sign for the Portuguese adolescents’ population (NVS-PTeen). Classic psychometric indicators of reliability and validity were combined with item response theory (IRT) analyses in a cross-sectional survey, complemented with a 3-month test-retest assessment. The NVS-PTeen was self-administered to students enrolled in grades 8 to 12 (12 to 17 years old) in a school setting. Overall, 386 students (191 girls) from 16 classes of the same school participated in the study (mean age = 14.5; SD = 1.5). Internal reliability of the NVS-PTeen was α = 0.60. The NVS-PTeen total score was positively and significantly correlated with Portuguese (r = 0.28) and mathematics scores (r = 0.31), school years (r = 0.31), and age (r = 0.19). Similar to the original scale (for the U.S.), the NVS-PTeen is composed of two dimensions, reading-related literacy and numeracy. Temporal reliability is adequate, though with a learning effect. IRT analyses revealed differences in difficulty and discriminative capacity among items, all with adequate outfit and infit values. Results showed that the NVS-PTeen is valid and reliable, sensible to inter-individual educational differences, and adequate for regular screening of functional health literacy in adolescents.     

Research trends of prostatitis over past 20 years: A bibliometric analysis

In the past two decades, thousands of documents in the field of prostatitis have been published. This bibliometric analysis aimed to assess the characteristics, hotspots and frontiers trend of global scientific output on prostatitis. With the trend of moderate growth, altogether 2,423 papers were reviewed. The leading role of the United States in global prostatitis research was obvious, while China had developed rapidly in recent years. Queen's University and JOURNAL OF UROLOGY were the most prolific affiliation and journal respectively. Nickel, J. C made the greatest contribution to the field of prostatitis. Five hotspots have been confirmed: (a) male infertility associated with prostatitis and the molecular mechanisms; (b) diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis; (c) inflammation, pain and bladder irritation symptoms; (d) relationship between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer; (e) epidemiology, complications of prostatitis and improvement of acupuncture. This bibliometric analysis reveals that the international cooperation was becoming more and more close. Hotspot analysis shows that the molecular mechanism of prostatitis will be a hotspot in the future, mainly focussing on inflammatory immunity and oxidative stress.     

The value of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for comparing women with early onset breast cancer with population-based reference women

BACKGROUND: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used in cancer studies, yet its utility for comparing people with cancer with people in the community is uncertain. METHODS: HADS scores were obtained from population-based samples of women with (n = 731) and without (n = 158) early-onset breast cancer. Psychometric properties were examined using differential item functioning (DIF) which is the presence of systematic group differences in certain response items independent of the trait being measured. RESULTS: Women with breast cancer scored lower than reference women on anxiety (mean (SD) 7.5 (4.3) vs. 8.2 (4.0); p = 0.06) and depression (3.3 (3.2) vs. 4.2 (3.0); p = 0.003). Group differences remained following adjustment for demographics. Time since diagnosis was not related to anxiety or depression scores. DIF was present in two anxiety and five depression items. Adjustment for DIF did not substantially change the anxiety or depression group differences. CONCLUSION: Specific sampling or DIF effects do not explain the observation that women with breast cancer have lower levels of anxiety and depression than population controls. The psychometric properties of the HADS appear to be acceptable in these groups.     

医疗服务项目实际成本与收费标准比较研究

通过对北京市4所三级甲等综合医院20个医疗服务项目的实际成本进行调查分析，主要包括平均实际成本分析、收费标准与成本的差量分析和收费标准与成本差量的极值分析、收费覆盖率分析、收费覆盖率极值分析。调查分析发现大部分项目的实际成本高于现行收费标准。为此，应完善医疗服务项目价格形成机制和健全医疗服务项目价格调整机制，建立科学有效的医疗服务项目价格评价指标体系，以确保其价格的调整效果。     

试论医院工程项目的经济评价

工程项目经济评价的战略性、前瞻性、科学性、经济性、有效性和安全性是项目决策的前提与基础。目前,医院对工程项目的经济评价沿用的是传统的成本核算方法,是对医院内部之间的财务成本核算与管理的评价,评价缺乏对医院隐含的成本因素中的战略性定位分析、成本动因分析、价值链分析、全寿命周期经济效益分析和医疗市场发展态势分析。传统的评价方法己不能满足和适应医院战略管理的需要,实施战略成本管理方法,全方位、多角度采集信息,进行战略性的分析、评价,是现阶段医院工程项目经济评价的有效方法。     

聚类回归与多元线性回归的对比研究

目的：聚类回归与多元线性回归分析方法的比较。方法：运用多元线性回归和聚类回归分析方法，探讨10项常用肝功能指标间的内在联系和资料总体的正态性。结果：指标变量经聚类变换后，资料总体更接近于正态分布。由于指标间存在多重共线，多元线性回归的效果不好。聚类分析将10个指标分为5类：胆红素类（TBIL、DBIL、IBIL）、白球蛋白类（ALB、GLB、A／G）、转氨酶类（ALT、AST）、转氨酶比值类（AST／AIT）、总蛋白类（TP）。聚类回归显示，各类指标预示病情程度的作用大小为：胆红紊类〉白、球蛋白类〉转氨酶类〉总蛋白类〉转氨酶比值类。在胆红素类中，TBIL的作用最大；在白、球蛋白类中，A／G的作用最大。结论：聚类回归能较好地处理非正态性资料和多重共线性。     

脑瘫精细运动功能测试量表在偏瘫型患儿中需要重新建立评估标准与程序

目的 分析脑瘫精细运动功能测试量表(FMFM)在偏瘫和非偏瘫型脑瘫间的项目功能差异(DIF)。方法 收集2001至2018年复旦大学附属儿科医院康复中心及其医联体儿童康复协作网诊断为脑瘫并行FMFM评估的患儿,从FMFM评估数据中提取偏瘫患儿对侧数据,随机选择30%样本作为DIF的焦点组样本;根据整体样本中非偏瘫型与偏瘫型的比例确定采用随机分层匹配对照组样本。采用Conquest软件把两组合并数据样本分别与FMFM中B~E区的全部56个项目以及经项目内容分析后划分出的30个单手项目和26个双手项目进行Rasch分析,以内聚拟合度(Infit)的均方来确定FMFM的单维性,标准为MnSq在0.6～1.4,并对全部56项、单双手项目组进行项目功能差异分析。结果 1 556例脑瘫患儿的3 442次FMFM评估作为整体样本和数据,焦点组198个和对照组792个FMFM评估数据进入本文分析,单独样本配对检验显示两组FMFM分值[112(96,146) vs 113(95,145)]差异无统计学意义。经过3轮项目内容分析,30个归入单手项目,26个归为双手项目。全部56个项目的难度尺度对数值之差的绝对值>0.5分别有41个(73.2%),30个单手和26个双手项目的难度尺度对数值之差的绝对值>0.5分别有23个(76.7%)和9个(34.6%)。结论 FMFM全部56个操作项目在偏瘫和非偏瘫型脑瘫间存在DIF,在单手项目中尤其显著,为了更为精准地评价偏瘫儿童的精细运动功能,需要重新建立评估标准与程序。     

Assessing impact of differential symptom functioning on post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis

This article explores the generalizability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to various subpopulations. Besides identifying the differential symptom functioning (also referred to as differential item functioning [DIF]) related to various background variables such as gender, marital status and educational level, this study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the impact of DIF on population inferences as made in health surveys and clinical trials, and on the diagnosis of individual patients. Using a sample from the National Comorbidity Study‐Replication (NCS‐R), four symptoms for gender, one symptom for marital status, and three symptoms for educational level were significantly flagged as DIF, but their impact on diagnosis was fairly small. We conclude that the DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for PTSD do not produce substantially biased results in the investigated subpopulations, and there should be few reservations regarding their use. Further, although the impact of DIF (i.e. the influence of differential symptom functioning on diagnostic results) was found to be quite small in the current study, we recommend that diagnosticians always perform a DIF analysis of various subpopulations using the methodology presented here to ensure the diagnostic criteria is valid in their own studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.