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1.
Janice F. Munro Debra Haire-Joshu Edwin B. Fisher H. James Wedner 《The Journal of asthma》1996,33(5):313-325
Low-income minority patients from East St. Louis, Illinois, a depressed midwestern urban city, who had visited acute care settings with asthma symptoms, participated in a focus group. Questions were constructed around the Health Belief Model to characterize participants' experiences in receiving asthma care, their confidence in long-term asthma self-management, barriers they perceived to managing their asthma, and recommendations they would make for improving asthma care in their community. Analysis of comments suggests an appreciable understanding of asthma triggers, limited coping behaviors for asthma symptoms, very limited practice of active asthma management, perception of the health care system as frequently insensitive to their needs or their knowledge of their own care, exchange of well-articulated information regarding how to deal with the system, and an apparent lack of awareness of any potential contribution of patient education or support system. 相似文献
2.
本文从信息经济学的角度出发,分析了病案信息的经济价值、市场需求及其开发利用,揭示了病案信息利用对相关市场参与者的利润、效用、福利增进的机制及在疾病控制中的重大作用,指明了加强病案信息开发的重要性和紧迫性,并提出建议。 相似文献
3.
It is well known that prevalence and incidence rates of cardiovasculardisease (CVD) and CVD risk factors are not equally distributedamong socioeconomic groups. Known risk factors account for part,but not all of unequally distributed CVD rates. Socioeconomicconditions and psychosocial dynamics may explain another pareof the increased CVD rates. Theoretically, it may be possibleto lower CVD rates and CVD risk factor prevalence among lowersocioeconomic status (SES) groups by using a community development(socio-environment) strategy directed towards changes in socioenvrronmentalrisk conditions and psychosocial risk factors, rather than CVDrisk factors per Se. This article describes a protocol for sucha strategy based upon the planning work of Canadian health professionals,loosely organized under a project titled Heart HealthInequalities in Canada This protocol incorporates baselinedata on CVD and CVD risk factor prevalence, but is premisedon actions negotiated between community organizations and healthauthorities, rather than defined unilaterally by health authorities.As such, program design activities and evaluation will differfrom a more general population-based risk factor reduction strategy. 相似文献
4.
Handling of asymmetrical dimethylarginine and symmetrical dimethylarginine by the rat kidney under basal conditions and during endotoxaemia. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Robert J Nijveldt Tom Teerlink Coen van Guldener Hubert A Prins Antonie A van Lambalgen Coen D A Stehouwer Jan A Rauwerda Paul A M van Leeuwen 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(12):2542-2550
BACKGROUND: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is capable of inhibiting nitric oxide synthase enzymes, whereas symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) competes with arginine transport. The potential role of inflammation in the metabolism of ADMA has been elucidated in an in vitro model using tumour necrosis factor-alpha, resulting in a decreased activity of the ADMA-degrading enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). The kidney probably plays a crucial role in the metabolism of ADMA by both urinary excretion and degradation by DDAH. We aimed to further elucidate the role of the kidney in a rat model under basal conditions and during endotoxaemia. METHODS: Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 275-300 g were used for this study. The combination of arteriovenous concentration differences and kidney blood flow allowed calculation of net organ fluxes. Blood flow was measured using radiolabelled microspheres according to the reference sample method. Concentrations of ADMA, SDMA and arginine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The kidney showed net uptake of both ADMA and SDMA and fractional extraction rates were 35% and 31%, respectively. Endotoxaemia resulted in a lower systemic ADMA concentration (P = 0.01), which was not explained by an increased net renal uptake. Systemic SDMA concentrations increased during endotoxaemia (P = 0.007), which was accompanied by increased creatinine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The rat kidney plays a crucial role in the regulation of concentrations of dimethylarginines, as both ADMA and SDMA were eliminated from the systemic circulation in substantial amounts. Furthermore, evidence for the role of endotoxaemia in the metabolism of dimethylarginines was obtained as plasma levels of ADMA were significantly lower in endotoxaemic rats. 相似文献
5.
Low‐income urban parents of color enrolled in a parent training study were interviewed to understand what motivated their participation and what led 30% of them to subsequently drop out. Most enrolled because they wanted to be better parents. Most dropped out because of time and schedule constraints. Retention was higher when parents' motivations for participation matched program goals. Program location and qualities of the recruiter were cited most often as important; financial compensation was cited least often as important. 相似文献
6.
We estimate the causal effects of household income on self-reported health status by exploiting random variations in the amount of lottery prizes won. We find that a S$10,000 (US$7,245) increase in income via lottery wins improves individuals’ health by a standard deviation of 0.18. As possible mechanisms, we find that lottery wins increase household consumption spending and improve overall life satisfaction, but do not change healthcare spending, labor supply, and risky health behavior. Previous studies, which focused on the health effects of lottery prizes in Western European countries with strong social safety nets, do not find positive effects other than those on mental health. By contrast, the current study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence of the positive health effect of income via lottery wins in a country without strong social safety nets. 相似文献
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The hypothesis that an increase in salivary concentration ofcertain electrolytes (Ca x K) is a sign of digitalis intoxicationwas tested in 16 untreated health volunteers, 29 digitalisedheart failure patients and four further healthy volunteers givendigoxin. Salivary electrolyte levels were raised in only abouthalf the digitalised patients and blood levels of digoxin werenot always higher in these patients than in those with normalelectrolyte concentrations. The salivary electrolyte levelsof the healthy volunteers given digoxin remained normal. Thesefindings would seem to rule out the possibility that digitalisis responsible for the changes in salivary electrolytes observedin certain cases of heart failure. A very marked correlation(P<0.00002 by Fisher's exact probability test) was found,however, between an increase in the product of salivary calciumand potassium (Casal x Ksal) and the presence of clinical signsof poorly compensated heart failure. It is suggested that thismight be a result of adrenergic stimulation, which is knownto occur in heart failure, affecting the salivary glands. 相似文献
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