组织工程心肌补片对黑山羊陈旧性心肌梗死心功能和建立侧支循环的影响

目的探讨自体骨髓间充质干细胞(m arrow m esenchym a l stem ce lls,M SC s)-小肠黏膜下层(sm a llin testina l subm ucosa,S IS)构建的组织工程心肌补片,移植于陈旧性心肌梗死区后对心功能及缺血区建立侧支循环的影响。方法将已建立急性心肌梗死模型后6周的黑山羊16只,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组抽取自体骨髓,经体外分离M SC s,进行培养、传代,以第3代细胞行5-B rdU标记并与S IS支架材料复合培养5 d,制备M SC s-S IS组织工程心肌补片。将其缝合至陈旧性心肌梗死区;对照组仅行假手术处理。于植入后6周,采用超声心动图观察两组动物心功能变化,数字减影血管造影选择性左冠状动脉造影观察缺血心肌侧支循环的建立。结果术后6周实验组及对照组:心博出量、左心室射血分数分别为42.81±4.91、37.06±4.75 m l和59.20%±5.41%和44.56%±4.23%,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);左心室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积分别为72.55±8.13、83.31±8.61 m l和29.75±5.98、46.25±6.68 m l,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);左心室舒张功能各项指标分别为:E峰最大速度分别为54.85±6.35 cm/s和43.14±4.81cm/s(P<0.01);A峰最大速度分别为52.33±6.65 cm/s和56.91±6.34 cm/s(P>0.05)。超声心动图显示对照组左室腔扩张明显,室壁运动明显减弱,梗死区呈瘤样扩张,局部室壁反常运动;实验组左室腔明显小于对照组,室壁运动较对照组强,心尖梗死区扩张不明显。选择性左冠状动脉造影见实验组左冠状动脉前降支远端与回旋支间明显侧支循环建立。结论M SC s-S IS构建的组织工程心肌补片移植于黑山羊陈旧性心肌梗死区后侧支循环建立,心功能有明显改善作用。     

人心和山羊心脏上、下腔静脉肌袖大体解剖

目的:观测人和山羊上、下腔静脉肌袖结构特点,为治疗局灶性心房颤动积累解剖学资料。方法:采用大体解剖方法观测人心(20例)和羊心(40例)的上、下腔静脉及其表面的心肌纤维。结果:人心上腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(1.91±0.39)cm、(2.41±0.26)cm,下腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(1.32±0.32)cm,(3.06±0.52)cm;羊心上(前)腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(1.41±1.00)cm、(1.05±0.26)cm,下(后)腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(0.81±0.48)cm,(1.03±0.28)cm。人和羊心脏的上腔静脉肌袖出现率均为100%;下腔静脉肌袖的出现率分别为88.89%和98%。肌纤维多数来源于右心房前后壁,也有来自于左心房或左右心房的。结论:①上腔静脉肌袖是人和羊普遍存在的解剖结构,人的下腔静脉肌袖出现率明显低于羊,可能是上腔静脉肌袖引起局灶性心房颤动多于下腔静脉肌袖的解剖学基础。②上腔静脉肌袖是构成左右房的又一重要通路。     

Characteristics of antibody responses induced in mice by protein allergens

Whereas many foreign proteins are immunogenic, only a proportion is also allergenic, having the capacity to induce the quality of immune response necessary to support the production of IgE antibody. We have demonstrated previously that intraperitoneal administration to mice of proteins such as ovalbumin (OVA) or the industrial enzyme A. oryzae lipase, which possess significant allergenic potential, stimulates the production of both IgG and IgE antibody. Identical exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA), a protein with limited potential to cause immediate respiratory or gastrointestinal hypersensitivity reactions, induced IgG responses only. In the current investigations, the quality of immune responses induced following exposure to these proteins via mucosal tissue (intranasal) has been compared with those provoked following administration via a non-mucosal (intraperitoneal) route of exposure. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of BSA, OVA or A. oryzae lipase elicited in each case vigorous IgG and IgG1 antibody responses. For all three proteins, at every concentration tested, and via both routes of exposure, IgG1 antibody titres paralleled closely IgG titres. However, the three materials displayed a differential potential to provoke IgE responses and this correlated with their known allergenic potential in humans. Thus, OVA and A. oryzae lipase stimulated strong IgE antibody responses, whereas BSA provoked low titre IgE only at the highest concentration tested (5% administered intraperitoneally). The quality of induced responses was not affected by the route of exposure. It would appear, therefore, that the stimulation of IgG and IgG1 antibody responses is a reflection of protein immunogenicity whereas protein allergenicity is associated with the induction of strong IgE responses.     

Early recognition of newborn goat kids by their mother: II. Auditory recognition and evidence of an individual acoustic signature in the neonate

The vocal recognition of newborn kids by their mother at 2 days postpartum and the possible existence of interindividual differences in the voice structure of newborn kids were investigated in two separate studies. The ability of goats to discriminate between the bleats of their own versus an alien kid was tested at 2 days postpartum in mothers being prevented access to visual and olfactory cues from the young. Goats spent significantly more time on the side of the enclosure from which their own kid was bleating, looked in its direction for longer, and responded more frequently to the bleats of their own than to those of the alien kid (p < 0.05). In the second study, the sonograms of 13 kids, studied from Days 1 to 5, showed significant interindividual differences for the five variables taken into account and on each of the 5 days (duration of bleat, fundamental frequency, peak frequency, and numbers of segments and of harmonics). The potential for individual coding ranged between 1.1 and 4.1, indicating that for some variables variations between individuals were greater than intraindividual variations. Furthermore, when considering the five parameters together, the discriminating scores showed an average of 95% in the 78 combinations of any 2 kids for any given day. Finally, some significant intraindividual differences also were found between days, suggesting ontogenic changes in the characteristics of the kid's voice in early life. Therefore, mother goats are likely to recognize the vocalizations of their 48-hr-old kids, as they show sufficient interindividual variability to allow the existence of individual vocal signatures, even though some of the characteristics of the bleats change rapidly over time.     

羊心左冠状动脉形态学观察

目的　探讨羊心脏左冠状动脉的解剖结构 ,丰富动物实验资料。方法　局解手术学实验后处死山羊 ,取羊心 90例 ,经 10 %甲醛固定 ,手工剥制显示左冠状动脉 ,6例用过氯乙烯 乙酸乙脂填充剂注入冠状动脉中制成动脉血管铸型 ,测量左冠状动脉及其分支。结果　羊冠状动脉分左、右冠状动脉 ,左冠状动脉粗大较浅表 ,前降支行于心肌表面或深达心肌不能明视 ,上多附有心肌桥 ,旋支粗大行程长分支多 ,二者之间多有对角支出现。羊心冠状动脉为左优势性。结论　羊冠状动脉与人相比有较大差异     

Analysis of thymic epithelial cell proliferation in vitro by combining bromodeoxyuridine and keratin labeling in an immunofluorescence assay

A simple method of analyzing thymic epithelial cell (TEC) proliferation has been developed by combining bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) and keratin labeling in an immunofluorescence assay. The first reagent specifically visualizes the cells entering the S phase of the cell cycle, whereas the second immunostaining reveals which of the proliferating BrDU-positive cells actually belong to the epithelial lineage. This method, besides being rapid and free of radioactivity, appears to be reliable in view of the minor variations in the percentages of BrDU+ TEC observed in several distinct experiments. Thus, BrDU/keratin immunolabeling appears to represent a useful tool for the analysis of in vitro TEC proliferation.     

Detection of radiolabelled bone marrow cells bearing surface ace immunoglobulins by combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase

A method is described for the simultaneous detection of radiolabelled bone marrow cells bearing surface immunoglobulins by combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase. Bone marrow cells from normal CBA mice prelabelled in vivo with ¹²⁵IUDR or exposed in vitro to [³H]thymidine were incubated with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins under capping conditions, washed, cytocentrifuged and treated with methanol and hydrogen peroxide to destroy endogenous peroxidase. Cells were then covered with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins, washed, treated with diaminobenzidine a and hydrogen peroxide and finally covered with autoradiographic stripping film and exposed for different times. Peroxidase-positive cells were typically capped and those radiolabelled had autoradiographic silver grains overlying the nucleus.     

Acquired α2 macroglobulin on the surface of human lymphoblastoid cells

The molecular nature of the membrane antigen that is acquired from FCS-containing media by human lymphoblastoid cells has been investigated. The presence of bovine α₂, macroglobulin on the surface of Namalva cells was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay using specific antisera. Alternatively, cell-bound bovine α₂,M could be detected by the more sensitive heterophile rosette assay described previously. Namalva cells grown in NHS-containing media acquired bovine α₂ M upon subsequent incubation with the purified protein in a dose- and time-dependent way. Acquisition of α₂ M was demonstrated using both viable and formaldehyde-fixed cells. Purified fetuin, which carries a heterophile epitope shared with bovine α₂ M as well as with other glycoproteins, failed to bind with the membrane of Namalva cells. The possible role of acquired α₂ macroglobulin on cells has been discussed.     

生长抑素样免疫反应物在山羊脊髓和背根节的分布─ABC法研究

用免疫细胞化学ＡＢＣ法研究了生长抑素样免疫反应物在山羊脊髓和背根节的分布。在整个脊髓背角，出现浓密的生长抑素样纤维和终末网，在板层Ⅱ和Ⅲ形成不规则的波形带。在带的深面，大量的生长抑素阳性小细胞（直径小于１５μｍ）形成细胞带，这些细胞呈卵圆形或梭形，大多是双极细胞。在背角最表层仅有稀疏的生长抑素阳性纤维。这种分布型式显著不同于以前报道的其它动物。在胸髓中间外侧核有为数不多的生长抑素阳性细胞，在脊髓的其它部位如中间带区和腹角有少量散在纤维和终末。还发现纤细的生长抑素阳性纤维和终末网出现于骶髓中央管的背外侧区域。此外，在所有背根节只见到极少数生长抑素阳性神经元；切断背根时，相应节段的脊髓背角的生长抑素样免疫反应物无明显变化。本研究结果表明，山羊脊髓背角的生长抑素主要来源于脊髓背角的固有神经元，而不是背根节细胞。出现于脊髓板层Ⅱ和Ⅲ的生长抑素阳性神经元可能属于岛细胞。本研究还提示，生长抑素可能在脊髓的感觉和内脏运动系统中起作用，还表明生长抑素免疫反应物的分布存在着种属差异。     

一餐饮店三员工同患羊痘

报道3例羊痘。与以往报道的病例多发于畜牧人员不同，本文3例患者为同一餐饮店从业人员。3例患者均表现为结节、脓疱伴痒痛，均有病羊接触史，组织病理特点均符合羊痘诊断。经抗病毒及对症治疗后好转。