甘肃省1995年急性弛缓性麻痹病例病毒学监测

甘肃省１９９５年共报告１５岁以下儿童急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例９０例，发病率为１．３２／１０万。省脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）实验室收到ＡＦＰ病例的粪便标本共７９例，占８８％；双份合格粪便标本采集率为６８％（６１／９０）；粪便标本７天内送省脊灰实验室的占６５％（５２／７９）收到粪便标本后７天内分离培养的占８９％（７０／７９）；分离培养结果及时报告率为８７％（６９／７９）。病毒分离阳性率１３．９２％（１１／７９），其中脊灰病毒（ＰＶ）Ⅱ型５株，Ⅲ型１株，非脊灰肠道病毒（ＮＰＥＶ）５株。收到ＡＦＰ病例密切接触者粪便标本３ｌ８份，病毒分离阳性率５．６６％（１８／３１８），其中ＰＶⅡ型８株，ＮＰＥＶ１０株。全部送检粪便标本ＮＰＥＶ分离率３．７８％（１５／３９７）。所分离的ＰＶ均为疫苗株，且Ⅱ型居多。     

96例急性迟缓性麻痹病例监测分析

目的：观察急性迟缓性麻痹病例（AFP）在我市的发病状况。方法：对96例急性迟缓性麻痹病人采集48h内粪便进行病毒分离，并进行个案调查与随访。结果：96例中，7例分布于城镇，89例分布于农村；格林-巴利综合征55例（57.3%）-横断性脊髓炎16例（16.6%）、神经炎11例（11.5%）、重症肌无力12例（12.5%）、与疫苗相关的脊髓灰质炎AFP病例（VAPP）2例（2.08%）。结论：防疫部门与各级医院加强合作和直接管理能及时了解发病状况。市髓灰质炎减毒疫苗（OPV）免疫工作尚存不足，宣讲教育应进一步加强。     

北京市1989～2002年疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎病例的监测

北京市急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例监测系统 1989～ 2 0 0 2年共诊断疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )(VAPP) 2 0例 ,其中首次服苗VAPP 18例 ,接触服苗VAPP 2例。所有病例均 <2岁 ,<6月龄病例占 85 %。男女发病之比为 9∶1。每年VAPP发生率无明显季节性高峰和地区差异。VAPP总发生率为 1 2 0 / 10 0万剂口服脊灰减毒活疫苗 (OPV)投放量或 1 5 9/ 10 0万剂OPV接种量 ,首次服苗VAPP发生率为 13 18/ 10 0万剂首次服苗量 ,接触服苗VAPP发生率为 0 16 / 10 0万剂OPV接种量。监测结果表明 ,北京市VAPP发生的危险性高于中国其它省份和其它许多国家与地区 ;免疫缺陷和 /或肛门周围脓肿可能是VAPP重要的危险因素。在中国当前尚未改变脊灰疫苗免疫策略的情况下 ,为减少和避免VAPP的发生 ,必须加强接种前儿童病史询问和体检 ,严格掌握接种禁忌证 ;同时要加强对VAPP的监测工作。     

Role of shear wave elastography measured in the flaccid state in predicting arteriogenic erectile dysfunction

The gold-standard method for diagnosing arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (AED) is the penile Doppler ultrasonography. We proposed a novel method for predicting AED using ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) considering that the former was invasive and variable. A total of 98 male patients were enrolled in our study, referred for ED between December 2018 and October 2020. For comparison, we also included 42 volunteers from the Healthy Physical Examination Center of our hospital. The Penile Doppler Ultrasonography (PDU) and SWE were performed for all patients with the intracavernosal injection (ICI). We named three groups as AED group, nonvascular ED group and healthy controls group. No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. There were no significant differences in IIEF-5 between AED and nonvascular ED. A significant (r = 0.642, p < 0.0001) positive correlation between flaccid and erectile SWE was observed. With a cut-off value of 13.45 KPa, the area under curve, specificity, and sensitivity of the SWE values under the flaccid state in distinguishing AED from healthy subjects were 0.867, 0.786 and 0.896 respectively. The SWE value in the flaccid state can distinguish the AED from healthy subjects.     

无锡市控制和消灭脊髓灰质炎现状

目的 通过对无锡市控制与消灭脊髓灰质炎（下称脊灰）的现状分析，提出要继续保持高水平的急性驰缓性麻痹（AFP）病例监测系统敏感性，特别要作好流动儿童常规免疫和强化免疫工作，及时发现、应对各种野病毒输入情况，才能巩固无脊灰成果。方法 根据对该市人群免疫水平、疫苗免疫原性监测及15岁以下儿童的（AFP）病例监测系统的敏感性评价等分析该市控制与消灭脊灰的现状。结果 控制与消灭脊灰的现状分析结果表明，人群有较好的免疫水平，AFP监测系统敏感；但是，免疫空白的外来儿童是控制和消灭脊灰的薄弱环节，应引起高度重视。结论 该市的控制和消灭脊灰的现状表明，从上世纪印年代使用脊灰疫苗（OPV），特别是实施儿童计划免疫以来，接种率和人群免疫状况维持和稳定在较高水平。上世纪90年代脊灰发病已得到有效控制，已连续15a无脊灰野毒病例报告。要继续保持高水平的AFP病例监测系统敏感性，特别要作好流动儿童常规免疫和强化免疫工作，及时发现和应对野病毒的输入，才能巩固无脊灰成果。     

河南省1999～2000年急性弛缓性麻痹病例肠道病毒感染流行病学分析

河南省 1999～ 2 0 0 0年从 10 87例急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例粪便标本中 ,共分离出 92株脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )病毒 (PV)和 70株非脊灰肠道病毒 (NPEV) ,分离率分别为 8 4 6 %和 6 4 4 %。Ⅱ型为PV的主要型别 ,共 4 5株 ,占4 8 91%。NPEV中埃可 (ECHO)病毒 6 5株 ,占 92 86 % ,病毒型别以ECHO11、7、12 为优势血清型。柯萨奇A组病毒(Cox A) 1株 ,柯萨奇B组病毒 (Cox B) 4株。检出PV多在冬春季 ,NPEV流行高峰期在 8～ 10月 ;感染均以小年龄儿童为主。多数肠道病毒 (EV)感染者伴有发热、腹泻或肌肉疼痛等症状。 38例发病 6 0d后仍残留麻痹 ,其中多数为PV感染 ,且未完成全程免疫。EV感染病例临床诊断以格林 巴利综合征和NPEV感染为主。在无脊灰证实以后 ,应该加强对PV和NPEV的监测和研究     

Acute flaccid paralysis due to West nile virus infection in adults: A paradigm shift entity

Three cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) with preceding fever are described. One patient had a quadriparesis with a florid meningoencephalitic picture and the other two had asymmetric flaccid paralysis with fasciculations at the onset of illness. Magnetic resonance imaging in two cases showed prominent hyperintensitities in the spinal cord and brainstem with prominent involvement of the grey horn (polio-myelitis). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction was positive for West Nile virus (WNV) in the index patient. All three cases had a positive WNV immunoglobulin M antibody in serum/CSF and significantly high titer of WNV neutralizing antibody in serum, clearly distinguishing the infection from other Flaviviridae such as Japanese encephalitis. WNV has been recognized in India for many decades; however, AFP has not been adequately described. WNV is a flavivirus that is spread by Culex mosquitoes while they take blood meals from humans and lineage 1 is capable of causing a devastating neuro-invasive disease with fatal consequences or severe morbidity. We describe the first three laboratory confirmed cases of WNV induced AFP from Kerala and briefly enumerate the salient features of this emerging threat.     

张锡纯从脑论治痿证特色探析

[目的]探讨张锡纯从脑论治痿证的思路与特色。[方法]从中医文献整理、研究的角度,对张锡纯所著《医学衷中参西录》中从脑病角度论治痿证的相关论述、医案、具体药方进行系统分析,归纳和总结其痿证论治思路和特色。[结果]张锡纯汇通中西,以“肢体痿废”一症立论,结合现代医学对脑病的认识,创造性地提出脑贫血、脑充血两种病因均可导致肢体痿废,在此基础上以传统医学宗气不足、精髓不充、脏腑气血大热的观点诠释二者病机,立益气引血、镇肝熄风大法,创干颓汤、镇肝熄风汤、建瓴汤等,大大扩展了痿证的治疗思路。[结论]张锡纯衷中参西,从脑病角度论治痿证,对痿证理论的继承和发展作出重要贡献,于今日临床启发尤多。     

Etiological spectrum of hypokalemic paralysis: A retrospective analysis of 29 patients

Background:

Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by episodes of acute muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. In this study, we evaluated the possible etiological factors in patients of hypokalemic paralysis.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed the records of 29 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of hypokalemic paralysis. Modified Guillain-Barre´ Syndrome disability scale was used to grade the disability.

Results:

In this study, 15 (51.7%) patients had secondary causes of hypokalemic paralysis and 14 patients (42.3%) had idiopathic hypokalemic paralysis. Thyrotoxicosis was present in six patients (20.6%), dengue infection in four patients (13.7%), distal renal tubular acidosis in three patients (10.3%), Gitelman syndrome in one patient (3.4%), and Conn''s syndrome in one patient (3.4%). Preceding history of fever and rapid recovery was seen in dengue infection-induced hypokalemic paralysis. Approximately 62% patients had elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase. All patients had recovered completely following potassium supplementation. Patients with secondary causes were older in age, had significantly more disability, lower serum potassium levels, and took longer time to recover.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, more than half of patients had secondary causes responsible for hypokalemic paralysis. Dengue virus infection was the second leading cause of hypokalemic paralysis, after thyrotoxicosis. Presence of severe disability, severe hypokalemia, and a late disease onset suggested secondary hypokalemic paralysis.