A framework for systematically improving occupational therapy expert opinions on work capacity

Aim:  To present an evidence-based framework to improve the quality of occupational therapy expert opinions on work capacity for litigation, compensation and insurance purposes.
Methods:  Grounded theory methodology was used to collect and analyse data from a sample of 31 participants, comprising 19 occupational therapists, 6 medical specialists and 6 lawyers. A focused semistructured interview was completed with each participant. In addition, 20 participants verified the key findings.
Results:  The framework is contextualised within a medicolegal system requiring increasing expertise. The framework consists of (i) broad professional development strategies and principles, and (ii) specific strategies and principles for improving opinions through reporting and assessment practices.
Conclusions:  The synthesis of the participants' recommendations provides systematic guidelines for improving occupational therapy expert opinion on work capacity.     

Introducing expert systems to medical students using esta, Expert System Teaching Aid

Medical students are allocated little curriculum time for exposure to expert systems. ESTA, a computer model of an expert system, was developed to make best use of this time. The nature of the students' interaction with ESTA is described, and their reactions to the expert system concepts and the place of expert systems in medicine are presented. A discussion of these reactions draws some conclusions about teaching expert systems in particular, and computers in general, in the basic medical course.     

司法鉴定与医学鉴定在医疗服务合同纠纷中运用的比较分析

司法鉴定机构分属公安机关，检察院，人民法院，司法部门，卫生系统和高等院校；医学鉴定机构将属医学会。通过分析司法鉴定与医学复写在医疗服务合同纠纷中的差异，指出了司法鉴定与医学鉴定上冲突所引发的种种忧虑，受司法鉴定与医学鉴定结论冲突而痛苦的医患双方发出同样的声音；界定医疗服务合同纠纷，须在分析司法鉴定与医学鉴定之异同的基础上，认清司法鉴定与医学鉴定之结论的冲突，因为这不仅影响医疗服务合同诉讼之成败，而且更涉及医疗事业之发展，人类健康之大局，消除司法鉴定与医学鉴定条块分割所产生的冲突之关键在于尽快制定统一的《诉讼证据鉴定法》。     

Computerized diagnosis: implications for clinical education

The advent of the small computer as a basic clinical tool will have a significant impact on clinical practice and medical training. The application of probability theory to clinical diagnosis has led to the development of several practical diagnostic programs which run on small computers. Expert systems--interactive programs which function as 'electronic consultants'--have now been successfully developed for a number of clinical situations. Experience with two of these, INTERNIST/CADUCEUS and MYCIN, has provided insight into problems and prospects for expert systems in medicine. Less complex programs, particularly those employing clinical prediction rules, and expert system shells, seem well suited for clinical environments. Although computerized medical diagnosis holds great promise as an aid to clinicians, its success will largely be determined by the quality of the information that clinicians provide for analysis. A brief review of the status of bedside diagnosis reveals that data-gathering strategies and techniques must be better understood. In order to take full advantage of computer programs for diagnosis, basic diagnostic skills must be more heavily emphasized in clinical training.     

腹腔镜胰腺外科手术缝合技术与缝合材料选择中国专家共识（2021版）

正胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)及胰体尾切除术(distal pancreatectomy, DP)作为治疗壶腹周围及胰体尾肿瘤的经典术式,具有手术难度大、技术要求高及术后并发症多等特点,是腹部外科极具代表性及挑战性的术式之一。随着手术理念、技术及缝合材料的更新、进步与优化,PD术后围手术期死亡率已降至3%以下,但术后并发症特别是胰瘘的发生率仍高达10%～30%。     

肝癌转化治疗中国专家共识（2021版）

正国内许多研究中心已积累了肝癌转化治疗经验。初步研究结果显示,转化治疗是改善中晚期肝癌病人生存的重要途径。但转化治疗及其相关领域仍存在许多亟待解决的临床和科学问题。为了总结既往经验、梳理问题,由中国抗癌协会肝癌专业委员会转化治疗协作组发起,基于国内外该领域研究获得的初步经验和研究结果,结合符合我国国情的临床实践,制订《肝癌转化治疗中国专家共识(2021版)》。     

The development of guidelines for drug and alcohol dependence treatment: affecting policy and practice

The rationale and methodology behind the Australian Quality Assurance Project is described. The Project aimed to develop guidelines for treatment content based on three sources of information: research findings, current practice and expert opinion. The issue of the gap between research and practice is discussed, as well as the role of dissemination in altering clinician behaviour.     

An expert system to teach troubleshooting of common problems associated with the automated anesthesia recordkeeper

Automated anesthesia recordkeepers have been used to monitor patients during surgery in up to 90% of cases at The Ohio State University. The record-keeping devices are complex and can be difficult to troubleshoot. The 1st-CLASS Fusion Program, an expert system shell-program, has been programmed to allow the resident or nurse anesthetist to solve the two most common types of problems associated with the recordkeeper: printer problems and patient monitor problems. Use of this program allows the resident or nurse anesthetist to troubleshoot the recordkeeper quickly and accurately and promotes in the user a sense of competence and control over the technology.